考虑界面效应的GFRP复合材料蠕变模型

建立了包含界面的玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料(GFRP)蠕变混合率单胞模型,对GFRP的蠕变性能进行分析;并与GFRP在应力水平为初始弯曲强度的20%所对应的载荷下的弯曲蠕变实验结果进行对比。分析了界面模量、界面厚度、纤维连续性与形态以及位向等因素对复合材料蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:相较于不考虑界面效应的混合率模型,本模型具有更高的准确性,与实验结果更为吻合;界面模量反应了纤维与基体的结合程度,对复合材料的蠕变性能产生影响,其蠕变柔量随着界面模量的增大而减小;界面厚度的增大会导致复合材料的蠕变柔量略微增大;相较于连续纤维增强树脂复合材料,短切纤维毡增强树脂复合材料的蠕变性能更易受到界面效应的影响;纤维方向对复合材料蠕变性能有显著影响,随着纤维方向角的增大,复合材料蠕变柔量增大,但当纤维方向角达到60°后,纤维已基本失去载荷传递和增强能力,复合材料蠕变柔量不再继续随着纤维方向角的增大而增大。      

平面应力作用下复合材料的蠕变分析

本文对受平面应力作用下的复合材料的细观蠕变进行了研究,分析了纤维与基体的性能,纤维取向以及纤维体积百分含量等对复合材料蠕变性能的影响,从细观角度提出了控制复合材料蠕变的具体措施.     

Cansas-Ⅱ SiCf/SiC复合材料的高温拉伸蠕变行为

连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)是发展先进航空发动机的关键材料,航空发动机长时服役要求材料具有优异的高温蠕变性能。本工作研究了平纹编织Cansas-Ⅱ碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(2D-SiC_f/SiC)在空气中的高温蠕变行为,蠕变温度为1200～1400℃,应力水平为80～140MPa。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的微观组织和断口形貌,使用能谱分析仪(EDS)进行了成分分析。结果表明:当蠕变应力低于比例极限应力(σ_PLS)时, 2D-SiC_f/SiC的蠕变断裂时间超过500h,稳态蠕变速率为1×10^–10～5×10^–10/s,蠕变行为由基体和纤维共同控制。当蠕变应力高于σ_PLS时,复合材料的基体、纤维和界面均发生氧化,蠕变断裂时间显著降低,稳态蠕变速率提高一个数量级,蠕变行为主要由纤维控制。     

非连续增强LY12复合材料蠕变机制研究

研究了应力、温度和热处理对22vol%莫来石短纤维增强LY12复合材料性能的影响,实验采用铸态、退火态和T4处理复合材料,三种状态下复合材料的抗蠕变性能均高于基体材料LY12铝合金.文中提出一种复合材料的蠕变机制:在低应力阶段,复合材料的蠕变受位错的攀移过程所控制;在高应力阶段,复合材料的蠕变受增强体与基体的界面所控制.用TEM分析了材料的界面.     

应力水平和纤维角度对CGF/PP复合材料蠕变行为的影响及其Burgers模型参数的数值预测

采用DMA的Creep模式分别测试了短时间内（15 min）聚丙烯（PP）在不同应力水平和温度下的单向拉伸蠕变行为,长时间内（10 h）连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（CGF/PP）复合材料单层板在不同应力水平和不同纤维角度上的拉伸蠕变行为。利用Burgers黏弹性模型拟合了蠕变测试数据,构建了相关参数与应力水平和纤维角度的依赖性。结果表明:PP和CGF/PP单层板的蠕变柔量均随应力增大而显著增加,稳态蠕变速率也随之增加,蠕变模量保留率明显下降,PP基体的黏弹性主要决定了CGF/PP单层板在低应力水平下的蠕变行为; 30%应力水平下,偏轴拉伸的纤维角度在0°~90°范围内存在拉-剪耦合效应,在45°时最为显著,此时稳态蠕变速率和蠕变变形量最大;利用四元件Burgers黏弹性模型拟合各条件下蠕变曲线得到的数值模型与实验数据具有较好的相关性,相关系数达到0.99,从得到的数值模型可知相关模型参数存在明显的应力和角度依赖关系;利用模型参数的数值拟合公式分别预测10 MPa应力下0°纤维方向的蠕变曲线及45°纤维方向上30%应力水平的偏轴蠕变曲线均与实验曲线一致,表明本文得到的数值模型的可靠性。      

纤维类别对三维浅交弯联复合材料弯曲性能影响的数值模拟

借助绘图软件PRO/E建立一种三层三维浅交弯联机织复合材料结构细观模型,并借助大型有限元软件ANSYS对该复合材料的弯曲力学性能进行模拟分析。分别将纤维材料定义为玻璃纤维和碳纤维,树脂基体定义为环氧树脂E51。对比在1kN的弯曲载荷作用下,两种不同类别纤维作为增强体时的复合材料、纤维增强体和树脂基体的应力、应变分布情况,预测复合材料的破坏形式,并与实验结果定性对比。结果表明,玻纤作为增强体时比碳纤维表现出更大的弯曲应力和弯曲应变,更容易发生破坏;1kN弯曲载荷作用下复合材料的破坏形式主要为纤维增强体的变形,树脂基体的碎裂以及纤维增强体和树脂基体间的脱粘。     

氧化铝短纤维增强铝基复合材料的蠕变破坏行为

研究了挤压铸造Al₂O₃短纤维增强铝基复合材料在350℃恒应力条件下的蠕变行为。蠕变试验过程中采用中断实验的方法对复合材料的显微组织进行观察,发现复合材料在蠕变过程中纤维发生断裂,弱界面发生破坏以及基体合金在应力作用下发生变形。根据复合材料在蠕变三个阶段中显微组织的变化情况,对其宏观蠕变行为进行了分析,认为位错在复合材料中滑移和攀移控制整个蠕变过程,并提出了短纤维增强金属基复合材料的蠕变断裂机理,合理地解释了复合材料的蠕变过程。      

三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析

建立了一种三维机织复合材料多尺度的黏弹性分析模型。首先构造了微观尺度纱线束胞元和细观尺度复合材料周期结构胞元两级有限元模型, 由微观尺度胞元分析得到纱线束的弹性常数, 再代入细观尺度胞元计算出复合材料的平均弹性常数。两级胞元模型均施加周期边界条件, 保证了胞元边界上位移和应力满足周期性和连续性。随后分别建立了树脂基体和浸润树脂纱线束的蠕变模型, 用实验标定树脂的蠕变参数, 代入微观尺度胞元进行蠕变计算来修正纱线束蠕变模型的参数。最后将树脂和纱线束的蠕变本构关系应用于细观尺度胞元, 得到材料宏观平均的应力-应变响应, 模拟了三维机织复合材料的蠕变实验曲线。本文模型对于该种复合材料弹性常数和蠕变性能的预测, 均与实验吻合。      

界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响

界面对复合材料蠕变性能的影响很大。在试验分析的基础上建立了硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料理论分析模型,利用三维有限元分析方法,系统研究了界面特性、界面上应力应变分布和短纤维位向变化对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料蠕变性能的影响。研究表明：界面特性,如厚度、模量,均对纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率有影响,当界面厚度增加,纤维最大轴应力减小而稳态蠕变速率增大;当界面模量增大,纤维最大轴应力增大而稳态蠕变速率减小,但当界面模量高于基体模量时,纤维最大轴应力和稳态蠕变速率均保持不变;纤维位向也影响轴应力分布和稳态蠕变速率,纤维在其末端界面上存在较大的应力和应变,此处容易产生微裂纹而使材料抗蠕变能力下降;界面对硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的蠕变曲线和蠕变断裂机制也有影响,其影响程度还与纤维位向有关。     

化学气相渗透2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料的蠕变性能及损伤机理

研究了采用化学气相渗透工艺制备2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的真空蠕变性能, 蠕变温度为 1200、1300和1400 ℃, 应力水平范围为100~140 MPa。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)分别观察分析了2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的蠕变断口形貌和微观结构。结果表明, 2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的主要蠕变损伤模式包括基体开裂、界面脱粘和纤维蠕变。桥接裂纹的纤维发生蠕变并促进了基体裂纹的张开、位移增大, 进一步导致复合材料蠕变断裂, 在复合材料蠕变过程中起决定性作用。2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的蠕变性能与SiC纤维微观结构的稳定性密切相关。在1200 ℃/100 MPa时, 纤维晶粒没有长大, 复合材料的蠕变断裂时间大于200 h; 蠕变温度为1400 ℃时, 纤维晶粒明显长大, 2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料蠕变断裂时间缩短至8.6 h, 稳态蠕变速率增大了三个数量级。     

Creep behavior of unidirectional composites

The creep behavior of the continuous fiber reinforced unidirectional composites due to the viscoelasticity of the resin matrix is investigated assuming that the constituent matrix obeys the nonlinear creep law and the fiber is the linear elastic materials. Utilizing a quasi three-dimensional finite element method, the macroscopic creep behavior of the composites with regular fiber packing is obtained, giving the orthotropic creep law for the composites. Then, the creep of the composites with random fiber packing is estimated applying the random model proposed by Kondo and Saito in which the neat matrix cylinders are embedded in the regular array composites. The theoretical predictions for the creep behavior are compared with the experimental results.     

Micromechanics modeling of fatigue failure mechanisms in a hybrid polymer matrix composite

Initiation of fatigue damage for a hybrid polymer matrix composite material was studied via 3-Dimensional viscoelastic representative volume element modeling in order to gain further understanding. It was found that carbon fiber reinforced composites perform better in fatigue loading, in comparison to glass fiber reinforced composites, due to the fact that the state of stress within the matrix material was considerably lower for carbon fiber reinforced composites eliminating (or at least prolonging) fatigue damage initiation. The effect of polymer aging was also evaluated through thermal aging of neat resin specimens. Short-term viscoelastic material properties of unaged and aged neat resin specimens were measured using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. With increasing aging time a corresponding increase in storage modulus was found. Increases in the storage modulus of the epoxy matrix subsequently resulted in a higher state of predicted stress within the matrix material from representative volume element analyses. Various parameters common to unidirectional composites were numerically investigated and found to have varying levels of impact on the prediction of the initiation of fatigue damage.     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面

从碳纤维、树脂基体、界面3个层次对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的界面研究进行了综述,重点介绍了碳纤维表面特性表征及改性方法、树脂基体特性及改性方法和界面分析表征手段,由此提出了纤维/树脂界面的研究路线,简要分析了复合材料界面研究的前景与趋势。为了实现纤维/树脂界面的良好匹配,充分发挥碳纤维复合材料的性能优势,需完善界面表征手段、明确界面微观性能与复合材料宏观性能的关系、深化研究界面对复合材料湿热性能及失效模式的影响等。     

A review on mechanisms and recent developments of nanomaterials based carbon fiber reinforced composites for enhanced interface performance

Carbon fiber reinforced composites have attracted lots of attention in many fields. However, on account of the poor infiltration of resin to carbon fiber, the weak interface performance between fiber and resin has been restricting the interface properties of composites. In recent progress, the review attaches more importance to the introduction of the third phase monomer, which mainly uses physical and chemical methods to assemble nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) on the carbon fiber surface to modify the interface structure of the carbon fiber reinforced composites, and all of them have been demonstrated in this paper. Furthermore, the effects of introducing nanomaterials on the structure of the fiber/resin interface and the relationship between multi-scale interface structure and properties have been investigated. It can be seen that the design idea of researchers mainly uses one or more theories to improve the interface properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites, such as transition layer, chemical bonding, mechanical interlocking, infiltration, diffusion, and adsorption. In brief, this work provides some novel insights for the preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composites with excellent interlaminar shear strength.     

Prediction on viscoelastic properties of three-dimensionally braided composites by multi-scale model

Three-dimensional viscoelastic properties of four-step three-dimensionally (3D) braided composites are studied in this paper. Based on the three-cell division scheme, a multi-scale model for 3D braided composites is proposed. A periodic boundary condition is applied to characterize the periodic structure of 3D braided composites and yarns. Given the viscoelastic parameters of resin matrix and the elastic constants of fibers, the viscoelastic properties of yarns are obtained by the finite element method and Prony Series fitting. The three-dimensional viscoelastic constitutive relationship of interior cells is derived based upon the viscoelastic properties of yarns and resin matrix. Moreover, the viscoelasticity of 3D braided composites is studied by creep experiment. The viscoelastic deformation obtained from the multi-scale method agrees well with the experimental results. The influence of the two independent micro-structural parameters, braiding angles, and fiber volume fractions, on the viscoelastic properties of 3D braided composites is investigated in detail.     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料及成型工艺与应用研究进展

目的 碳纤维树脂基复合材料的可设计性和性能优越性使得碳纤维及其树脂基复合材料的应用范围不断拓展.文章简述了碳纤维的性能、发展和分类,研究碳纤维树脂基复合材料的性能影响因素、成型工艺及应用领域,探索其未来研究的发展方向.方法 采用文献调研法,梳理和汇总国内外关于碳纤维树脂基复合材料的制备及应用研究,分析国内外关于其性能影响因素、成型工艺和应用领域的研究进展.结论 碳纤维树脂基复合材料性能受碳纤维含量、基体和碳纤维界面结合性能等因素的影响.国内碳纤维树脂基复合材料的成型技术主要以传统成型工艺为主,不同性能要求和结构特点的构件采用不同成型工艺.应用范围从航空航天、军工领域不断拓展至民用领域,生产制备的高效能化和低成本化是其未来发展方向.此外,环境问题及碳纤维的回收利用是未来碳纤维及其复合材料应用的关键问题.     

聚合物涂层对高模量碳纤维表面性能的影响

为改善碳纤维表面性能以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能,对PAN基高模量碳纤维（HMCF）表面进行聚合物涂层处理。研究了不同潜伏性固化剂含量的聚合物涂层对HMCF表面以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能的影响。IR分析表明,聚合物涂层与纤维或树脂基体发生了化学反应。扫描电镜和动态机械热分析的结果也说明,聚合物涂层能够提高...