一种针对频率扫描测量系统的信号处理方法

设计了一种针对频率扫描绝对距离测量系统的信号处理算法。该系统采用基于电流调制式的频率扫描方法,利用一个比对干涉光路与一个测量干涉光路进行同步测量。两路扫描干涉信号分别由两个光电探测器进行光电转换,作为绝对距离计算处理的输入信号。分析了测量系统的原理与扫描干涉信号的特点,应用两步差分卷积算法进行信号处理,提取的比对光路与测量光路的周期或频率信息进行绝对距离测量。分析了该算法的周期计算误差。实验验证这种方法具有较大的计算优势。     

线性调频激光双干涉仪绝对距离测量的研究

提出一种双干涉仪绝对距离方法，利用参考干涉仪的误差补偿作用，有效地抑制了激光器光学特性相关误差源对外腔半导体激光器线性调频绝对距离干涉测量系统的影响，提高了测距精度。文中介绍了测量原理和实验装置，作了误差补偿分析，并给出实验结果。     

常用计量技术中光波干涉讲座(二)振幅分光的干涉光路及在计量测试中应用(下)

本讲叙述应用于计量测试中的几种振幅分光干涉光路及特点,如测量U形水银气压计液面高度差光路,测量大长度的光学倍乘光路等.     

飞秒激光频率梳测量光频用拍频装置的实验研究

飞秒激光频率梳测量光频实验中会遇到拍频信号信噪比低、高信噪比拍频信号维持时间短的问题。本文针对该问题在光路的准直、稳定维持方面采取了相应的光学、机械结构优化以及对拍频信号采取了先滤波后放大的措施;设计了一种拍频装置,并利用该装置进行了碘稳频633 nm激光器e峰频率的绝对测量实验。     

常用计量技术中光波干涉讲座（二）振幅分光的干涉光路及在计量测试中应用（下）

本讲叙述应用于计量测试中的几种振幅分光干涉光路及特点，如：测量U形水银气压计液面高度差光路，测量大长度的光学倍乘光路等。     

激光偏振干涉光路的非线性分析计算

偏振干涉光路两臂光程差的变化和合成干涉信号的相位变化，理论上具有线性关系，可以对引起光程差的任何微小量进行测量。实际上光路光学元件性能及调整并不理想，形成了二者的非线性关系。本文分析计算了各光学元件形成的非线性及这些元件综合形成的非线性，给出了适用于各种情况下的计算公式，并提出了光路的调整方法。     

调频激光干涉绝对距离测量技术及其信号处理

最最的绝对距离测量方法是非相干飞行时间测量法。随后，在小数重合法的基础上，产生了多波长干波绝对距离测量技术。随着半导体激光器的发展，８０年代又出现了调频干涉绝对距离测量方法，并很快成为一种新的测长技术。本文在综述绝对距离技术及方法的基础上，着重介绍了调频激光干涉绝对距离测量技术的一些新发展及其几种不同的信号处理。     

基于飞秒光学频率梳的双通道光频测量设计

基于差频技术的单块飞秒光学频率梳被广泛应用于光频的精密测量领域.通过将飞秒激光的重复频率和载波包络相移同时锁定至原子钟上,可以将飞秒光学频率梳的稳定状态延长至9h.文中提出了一种基于飞秒光学频率梳的双通道光频测量设计,并且针对两种待测光频的不同情况,给出了不同的测量方法.这种设计对将来实现高效率的光频测量具有重要意义.     

用于绝对距离测量的0．6328μm氦－氖激光外差干涉仪

提出了一种用于绝对距离测量的新型外差干涉仪，它采用０．６３２８μｍ双模氦－氖激光器，光外差干涉和电信号混频、比相技术，直接测量合成波小数级次。此法避免了该领域常用的外差干涉仪的不足和拍波干涉仪结构复杂的问题，而且测量精度高、抗干扰能力强、测量时间短，使绝对距离测量技术更具有实用性。     

二维纳米激光测量系统的研究

介绍了一种新型的纳米级精度的二维激光干涉测量系统．该系统以光学8倍频的耦合差动式干涉光路为基础，在获取大量测量数据的基础上，利用线性回归的方法对测量结果进行处理．系统结构设计简洁紧凑，符合阿贝原则和结构变形最小原则，与普通的迈克尔逊干涉仪相比具有光路布局对称性好，光程差倍增，抗干扰能力强等优点．通过与电容测微仪比对的方法对该系统进行检测．结果表明，该干涉测量系统的精度为10～12nm．     

High-accuracy measurement of 240-m distance in an optical tunnel by use of a compact femtosecond laser

A high-accuracy optical distance meter with a mode-locked femtosecond laser is proposed for distance measurements in a 310-m-long optical tunnel. We measured the phase shift of the optical beat component between longitudinal modes of a mode-locked laser. A high resolution of 50 mum at 240-m distance was obtained without cyclic error correction. The group refractive index of air is automatically extracted to an accuracy of 6 parts per million (ppm) by two-color measurement with the pulses of fundamental and second-harmonic wavelengths. Finally, an absolute mechanical distance of 240 m was obtained to within 8-ppm accuracy by use of a series of beat frequencies with the advantage of a wide range of intermode frequency, together with the results of the two-color measurement.     

Review of low timing jitter mode-locked fiber lasers and applications in dual-comb absolute distance measurement

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers emit femtosecond pulse trains with excellent short-term stability. The quantum-limited timing jitter of a free running femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser working at room temperature is considerably below one femtosecond at high Fourier frequency. The ultrashort pulse train with ultralow timing jitter enables absolute time-of-flight measurements based on a dual-comb implementation, which is typically composed of a pair of optical frequency combs generated by femtosecond lasers. Dead-zone-free absolute distance measurement with sub-micrometer precision and kHz update rate has been routinely achieved with a dual-comb configuration, which is promising for a number of precision manufacturing applications, from large step-structure measurements prevalent in microelectronic profilometry to three coordinate measurements in large-scale aerospace manufacturing and shipbuilding. In this paper, we first review the sub-femtosecond precision timing jitter characterization methods and approaches for ultralow timing jitter mode-locked fiber laser design. Then, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art dual-comb absolute ranging technology in terms of working principles, experimental implementations, and measurement precisions. Finally, we discuss the impact of quantum-limited timing jitter on the dual-comb ranging precision at a high update rate. The route to highprecision dual-comb range finder design based on ultralow jitter femtosecond fiber lasers is proposed.     

Sinusoidal-wavelength-scanning interferometer with double feedback control for real-time distance measurement

In addition to a conventional phase a the interference signal of a sinusoidal-wavelength-scanning interferometer has a phase-modulation amplitude Zb that is proportional to the optical path difference L and amplitude b of the wavelength scan. L and b are controlled by a double feedback system so that the phase alpha and the amplitude Zb are kept at 3pi/2 and pi, respectively. The voltage applied to a device that displaces a reference mirror to change the optical path difference becomes a ruler with scales smaller than a wavelength. Voltage applied to a device that determines the amplitude of the wavelength scan becomes a ruler marking every wavelength. These two rulers enable one to measure an absolute distance longer than a wavelength in real time.     

一种新型单频激光干涉系统的研究

这种单频激光干涉系统采用共光路设计布局,通过偏振分束器以及1/4波长片等光学器件对干涉条纹进行空间移相,提取相位依次相差90°的三路干涉输出信号,进行比较放大,解决了常规单频激光干涉仪中的光强“零漂”问题。利用共模抑制技术,提高了干涉系统的测量稳定性和重复性。采用光程差放大技术,提高了干涉系统的分辨力。     

High-precision absolute distance and vibration measurement with frequency scanned interferometry

We report high-precision absolute distance and vibration measurements performed with frequency scanned interferometry using a pair of single-mode optical fibers. Absolute distance was determined by counting the interference fringes produced while scanning the laser frequency. A high-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometer was used to determine frequency changes during scanning. Two multiple-distance-measurement analysis techniques were developed to improve distance precision and to extract the amplitude and frequency of vibrations. Under laboratory conditions, measurement precision of approximately 50 nm was achieved for absolute distances ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 m by use of the first multiple-distance-measurement technique. The second analysis technique has the capability to measure vibration frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 100 Hz with an amplitude as small as a few nanometers without a priori knowledge.     

基于激光干涉法的CO2气体压力测量

气体压力无接触式测量,是激光技术应用的重要研究方向。为解决气体压力测量过程中的溯源问题,设计了一种基于激光干涉技术的压力测量方法,通过洛伦兹-洛伦茨方程、气体状态方程和光程差方程的理论研究,建立了基于光程差的压力测量模型,将压力测量问题追溯到光程变化量上。并以CO2为研究对象,搭建压力测量实验系统,开展了293K,313K,333K温度条件下,压力范围为1~3atm的压力测量实验。实验结果显示：压力测量值与实际值有较高的吻合度,相对误差在5%以内,证明压力测量溯源模型的正确性。     

Phase-shift-locked interferometer with a wavelength-modulated laser diode

A phase-shift-locked interferometer has been constructed for distance measurement. A phase shift produced by sawtooth-current modulation of a laser diode is locked to a phase difference preset by polarization optics that consists of a quarter-wave plate and polarizers through an electrical feedback technique. An optical path difference can be measured from the locked sawtooth-wave current amplitude in real time. The sensitivity of the interferometer is discussed.     

Absolute interferometric distance measurement using a FM-demodulation technique

We propose an interferometric method for measuring absolute distances larger than the wavelength. A laser diode is used as a light source. The principle of operation is based on multiple-wavelength interferometry that uses a modulated light source. This method uses the fact that the wavelength of light emitted by the laser diode can be varied by means of the injection current. The modulation of the injection current in combination with the optical heterodyne technique causes a high-frequency phase-modulated detector signal. The phase deviation of the signal is a measure of the optical path difference in the interferometer. By FM demodulation of the detector output with a phase-locked loop demodulator, the optical path difference can be determined directly without the classical ambiguity problem of interferometry. The measuring range in the experiments was limited to 50 mm by the maximum travel range of the used specimen translation stage. Because of the inherent light sensitivity of the method described, the rangefinder can be used for three-dimensional profile measurements on a wide variety of objects, even on diffuse scattering surfaces.