膨胀石墨基纳米镍、铁、钴化学镀制备复合吸波材料

为了获得薄、轻、宽、强等性能理想的吸波材料,采用化学镀的方法在膨胀石墨表面镀覆纳米镍、镍钴、镍铁钴,制备了复合吸波材料.SEM和EDs分析证实,膨胀石墨表面镍层、镍钴层、镍铁钴层的镀覆厚度约为70～150 nm.采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了复合吸波材料在2～18 GHz内的复介电常数(ε=ε'-jε")和复磁导率(μ=μ'-jμ").用吸收屏理论公式计算了反射率损耗(R.L)、匹配频段(fm)及匹配厚度(dm).结果表明,当dm=0.3 mm时,镀覆镍铁钴层的复合吸波材料最低的反射损耗达-28 dB,对应的fm=13.5 GHz,R>L<-10 dB时频宽达7.5 GHz.本法制备的复合吸波材料符合"轻、薄、宽、强"的现代要求.     

中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭保温透湿材料的开发及性能研究

通过花式捻线方法将中空涤纶、不锈钢长丝和竹炭纤维三种功能性纤维并捻获得复合纱线,利用纱线强度、毛羽和实际捻度测试,得到最佳的纱线纺制参数。并采用最佳工艺参数纺制的包绕纱线进行平纹织物织造,对其织物透湿性、远红外发射率以及保温性能进行测试表征,最终制备一种可用于防寒服的新型保温透湿织物。结果表明,缠绕捻度为上捻度200,下捻度0时,纺制的包芯纱具有最佳捻度。中空涤纶/不锈钢/竹炭织物透湿率为5 184g/(m2·24h),达到透湿织物透湿要求的2倍以上。一至四层织物的远红外发射率均在70%及以上,符合远红外发射率具有功能性结果的范围。织物克罗值达到7.355clo,高于极低温作业穿着克罗值51.6%,可满足极低温环境下的织物保温要求。织物保温率为62.43%,相比于棉、毛等传统纺织原料,织物保温率可以提升2倍以上。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维/锂锌铁氧体复合吸波材料的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂锌铁氧体(Li_0.435Zn_0.195Fe_2.37O₄,LZFO),界面聚合法制备纯聚苯胺(PANI)和PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。通过SEM、XRD、FTIR和矢量网络分析(PNA)等对材料的物相、结构和吸波性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:制备出的样品分别为PANI、LZFO和不同配比的PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料。在2~18 GHz范围内,PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料的电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段有2个,吸波性能较纯PANI和LZFO有了很大提高,并且拓宽了吸波频带,当PANI纳米纤维/LZFO复合材料中PANI纳米纤维的质量分数为10%,其综合吸波性能最佳,电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段分别为2.5~5.5 GHz波段和14.5~16.5 GHz波段,最大吸收峰可达到-33.8 dB。而PANI和LZFO在电磁波反射率<-10 dB的波段只有1个。因此通过PANI纳米纤维接枝铁氧体,可调节电磁参数,提高材料的吸波性能。      

碳微/纳米纤维复合微波吸收材料的研究进展

随着电子信息技术的蓬勃发展,电磁干扰及电磁污染已成为亟须解决的问题,因此电磁波吸收材料引起研究人员的关注.铁基复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料作为传统吸波材料存在密度大、吸收性能差、吸收频宽窄等缺点,极大地限制了其在电磁波吸收领域的应用.碳基复合材料因具有密度低、电导率高等优点,在吸波材料中脱颖而出.其中石墨烯、碳纳米管复合材料呈现出优异的吸波性能,但石墨烯、碳纳米管的合成方法繁琐、制备成本高,严重阻碍了其工业化应用.碳纤维具有可规模化生产、热稳定性高、分散性好的优势.碳纤维是一种电阻率相对低(<10-3Ω·m)的介电损耗吸波材料.单一碳纤维因为介电常数高,不能直接用于吸波领域,所以对其进行改性,调控电磁特性,使其具有优异的电磁波吸收性能.近年来,颗粒、涂层改性碳纤维复合吸波材料的相关研究取得了一定的成果,但与石墨烯、碳纳米管复合材料相比,在吸波性能方面仍然有一定的差距.因此,需进一步提升碳纤维复合材料的吸波性能,研究工艺简单、低成本的制备方法,以利于工业化应用.本文介绍了吸波材料的电磁波吸收理论,并综述了近年来碳纳米纤维、碳微米纤维、碳螺旋纤维复合材料的吸波机理和吸波性能的研究进展,对碳纤维复合吸波材料的发展趋势进行了展望.     

几种异形碳化硅纤维制备及其吸波性能

以聚碳硅烷为原料,采用不同规格的异形喷丝孔,经熔融纺丝、不熔化和高温处理后,制备了条形、三叶形、四叶形、五叶形、C形和中空碳化硅纤维。表征了纤维形貌,比较研究了不同规格异形纤维的电磁参数和吸波性能,发现在相同表面积下,随叶片数量增加,叶片型SiC纤维的介电常数增大,C形SiC纤维的介电常数大于中空纤维,其损耗角正切低于中空纤维。将不同规格的异形碳化硅进行阻抗匹配可有效提高结构吸波复合材料的吸波性能。     

BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的吸波性能研究

以尿素、硼酸为原料, 采用浸涂工艺先在炭纤维表面制备BN涂层, 再以三氯甲基硅烷为前驱体, 采用化学气相沉积工艺在纤维表面沉积SiC涂层, 制得了BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维。对BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的微观结构、抗氧化性能、介电性能及吸波性能进行了研究。结果表明: 炭纤维表面BN涂层的厚度约为0.1 μm, SiC涂层的厚度约为0.7 μm。炭纤维经表面BN/SiC复合涂层改性后, 抗氧化性能明显提高, 开始明显氧化失重温度从560℃提高到790℃, 最终氧化温度从780℃提高到1200℃以上; 且介电性能得到有效改善, 吸波性能显著提高。相比于未改性炭纤维, 厚度为2 mm的BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的最小反射率减小到-13.3 dB, 小于-10 dB的带宽增加至2.5 GHz。     

单向碳化硅纤维/环氧树脂复合材料吸波性能的研究

采用真空袋工艺制备了纤维体积分数为10%~40%的单向碳化硅纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究其力学性能和介电性能,计算其吸波性能和反射率。结果表明,在10%~25%范围内,随着碳化硅纤维体积分数的提高,复合材料的介电损耗实部、虚部及损耗角正切值均增大,反射率减少,即吸波能力增大;而在高于25%之后,就吸波能力而言,存在着最优纤维体积分数值;在纤维体积分数固定之后,就吸波能力而言,也存在着最佳的材料厚度;当复合材料的SiC纤维体积分数为25%、厚度为3 mm时,其在X波段内的反射率均低于-5dB,最低为-9.9dB,平均值为-7.8dB。     

Ni-RGO纳米吸波材料的制备及其电磁行为研究

采用化学镀的方法在还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)表面均匀沉积金属镍纳米颗粒, 通过调节镍前驱体浓度获得三种不同镍含量的Ni-RGO新型电磁吸波材料。通过透射电镜和X射线衍射分析对Ni-RGO的表面形态及晶体结构进行了研究, 电磁参数测试结果显示Ni-RGO的介电常数达8以上, 比氧化石墨烯提高近三倍; 反射率计算结果表明镍前驱体浓度最低的Ni-RGO-1的电磁吸波性能最佳, 当厚度为2 mm时, 其最大反射率可达-24.5 dB。     

SrFe_(12)O_(19)化学镀Ni-Co合金的磁与吸波性能

目前,鲜见关于锶铁氧体化学镀Ni-Co合金吸波特性的报道,且关于吸波材料特性的研究集中于6~18 GHz波段,未有对0~6 GHz波段的报道。自制了SrFe12O19粉体,采用铜氨溶液及银氨溶液对其敏化活化后化学镀Ni-Co合金,并对银氨溶液敏化活化制备的试样进行热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、能谱仪及透射电镜分析复合材料的结构、成分及形貌;采用振动样品磁强计测试了其磁性能;采用网络分析仪分析其吸波性能。结果表明:化学镀后,SrF12O19表面已成功镀覆上了较均匀的Ni-Co合金镀层,银氨溶液敏化活化后的化学镀Ni-Co合金磁性能及吸波性能优于铜氨溶液敏化活化的;银氨溶液敏化活化制备的复合材料于420℃热处理1 h后,饱和磁化强度(Ms)增加至123.55(A·m2)/kg,比纯SrF12O19增加了71.96(A·m2)/kg,0~6 GHz波段的吸波性能大幅提升,最大吸收值在5 982.0 MHz处达-7.75 dB。     

化学镀镍碳纳米管的制备及其电磁学和吸波性能研究

首先对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行纯化、敏化、活化预处理,然后利用化学镀方法在其表面沉积金属镍而制备出镀镍碳纳米管(M-CNTs)。SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD和DSC等综合表征结果表明,通过化学镀工艺,在CNTs表面均匀连续的镀覆了一层厚度约为20nm的非晶态镍镀层,且碳纳米管的分散性得到了改善,更有利于用于复合材料领域。原料碳纳米管和镀镍碳纳米管的电磁学性能的对比研究结果表明,M-CNTs的电导率较CNTs有所降低,这也间接反映了镍镀层在CNTs表面的形成;在4～18GHz内,M-CNTs的ε′、ε″、μ和μ″4个电磁参数均较CNTs均有所增加。在此基础上,进一步以M-CNTs为吸波剂,聚氨酯(PU)为粘结剂,制备了PU/M-CNTs吸波涂料,对其吸波性能的研究结果表明,PU/M-CNTs吸波涂料的吸波效果明显受涂层厚度影响,在1.0～2.0mm的范围内,随着涂层厚度的逐渐增大,其吸收峰逐渐向低频移动,且低频段的吸波效果得以加强,高频段的吸波效果有所减弱。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.