橡胶改性对硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料力学性能的影响

对环氧树脂进行液体丁腈橡胶改性, 并采用缠绕无纬布层压成型工艺制备了硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料。测试了环氧树脂液体丁腈橡胶改性前后硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的力学性能, 研究了硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的纵向拉伸破坏模式。结果表明, 基体中的10%液体丁腈橡胶使硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的拉伸强度、 弯曲强度、 层间剪切强度和断裂延伸率分别提高了18.42%、 13.39%、 28.45%和43.40%, 但其拉伸和弯曲模量稍有下降。基体中含10%液体丁腈橡胶的硼纤维/环氧单向复合材料的纵向拉伸破坏模式为界面层的内聚破坏和脱黏破坏共存的混合破坏。      

氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶-丁腈橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

为研究氧化石墨烯（GO）对共混橡胶的补强改性作用,首先,通过改进的Hummers方法制备了GO,并通过乳液共混法制备了GO/天然橡胶（NR）-丁腈橡胶（NBR）复合材料;然后,采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、溶胀测试和力学性能测试表征了GO、NR-NBR硫化胶和GO/NR-NBR复合材料的微观形态、结构和力学性能。结果表明:所得GO含有大量的含氧官能团,氧化效果较好;橡胶基体中GO分散均匀,且GO/NR-NBR复合材料的拉伸断面粗糙程度显著增加;GO的填充可以提高复合材料的表观交联密度;GO/NR-NBR复合材料的力学性能随着GO含量的增加而改善,当GO含量为3.0wt%时,GO/NR-NBR复合材料的拉伸强度、100%定伸应力和邵氏A硬度分别提高了53.3%、67.3%和10.5%,断裂伸长率降低了9.6%。      

零吸胶炭纤维增强高温固化环氧复合材料预浸料研制

针对大尺寸、大厚度复合材料构件对“零吸胶”预浸料的需求,对低树脂含量炭纤维增强高温固化环氧复合材料预浸料进行了研制,并对预浸料的外观和物理性能、复合材料基本力学性能及成型工艺性能进行了研究.通过对预浸料制造工艺参数的优化,研制出了低树脂含量炭纤维增强高温固化环氧复合材料预浸料,其外观和物理性能满足要求;采用低树脂含量预...     

C/C-SiC机织复合材料尺度参数对力学性能的影响

针对C/C-SiC纤维机织复合材料的特点,建立了C/C-SiC微结构有限元模型,并结合能量法研究了不同微结构关联参数对C/C-SiC机织复合材料宏观力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:本文中提出的C/C-SiC微结构有限元模型能够有效地反映C/C-SiC复合材料尺度关联参数对C/C-SiC力学性能的影响,纤维丝尺度的各个参数主要与C/C-SiC纤维束的力学性能相关联;纤维束尺度的各个参数主要与C/C-SiC宏观构件的整体性能相关联。     

邻甲酚醛树脂/邻甲酚醛环氧/氧化石墨烯复合材料

为改进酚醛固化环氧树脂复合材料的性能,合成了邻甲苯酚醛树脂(o-CFR)、邻甲酚醛环氧树脂(o-CFER)和氧化石墨烯(GO),制备了o-CFR/o-CFER/GO玻璃钢复合材料,研究了不同含量的氧化石墨烯对复合材料物理力学性能的影响。结果表明,GO加入可以改善材料的力学性能、耐热性能和电绝缘性能。当酚醛与环氧质量比为4∶6,材料中加入1.2%的GO时,起始分解温度(Tid)提高了91℃,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了102%和86%;加入2.0%时材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)可提高19℃。     

WCB/HNBR/NBR耐热密封复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过直接共混法制备了白炭黑/氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶(WCB/HNBR/NBR)耐热密封复合材料,研究了不同HNBR/NBR共混比、不同硫化体系对复合材料力学性能、压缩永久变形、耐油性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明,当WCB/HNBR/NBR为30/25/75,在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料综合性能最好,硬度、拉伸强度、压缩永久变形、150℃热空气老化后拉伸强度、浸油后体积变化率分别为58(邵A)、20.97MPa、12%、6.92MPa、11%;随着HNBR用量的增加,复合材料的耐热性能提高,而耐油性和压缩永久变形变化不大;在过氧化物/硫磺的共硫化体系下,复合材料的耐热性、耐油性、压缩永久变形、力学性能都较优异。     

受阻酚AO-60/丁腈橡胶复合材料的结构与动态力学性能

在丁腈橡胶(NBR)中添加受阻酚AO-60制备受阻酚/丁腈橡胶复合材料。利用DSC、SEM、动态力学分析仪(DMA)等测试手段对该复合材料的结构进行了表征,并研究了其动态力学性能。结果表明:AO-60在不同的NBR基体中的分散情况不同。在丙烯腈质量分数为35%的NBR基体(N230S)中,AO-60形成了精细的分散结构,且与NBR大分子之间形成了强烈的分子间作用力,两相相容性好。与纯NBR基体相比,AO-60/NBR复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着AO-60含量的增加逐渐升高,损耗因子(tanδ)逐渐增大,阻尼性能提高。同时,AO-60/N230S复合材料表现出更好的阻尼性能。     

三维四向编织碳/环氧复合材料实验研究

讨论了三维四向编织碳/环氧复合材料力学性能研究的实验方法。通过实验得到了弹性常数及反映材料非线性行为的力学性能指标随编织角的变化规律, 并分析讨论了编织参数对该类材料破坏模式的影响作用。      

酚化酶解木质素-环氧树脂/环氧树脂复合材料的合成及性能

以酶解木质素(EHL)为原料,采用苯酚-硫酸法对其进行酚化改性,所得酚化木质素(PL)在碱性条件下,与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成木质素-环氧树脂(L-EP),利用FT-IR对产物进行表征。探讨单因素反应条件对酚化工艺的影响。结果表明:反应时间3.0h、反应温度95℃、2mol/L H_2SO_4用量为4mL/g时,木质素的酚化效果最佳,其酚羟基含量达到4.632mmol/g,较EHL提高42%。研究了不同L-EP添加量对L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果显示:L-EP的添加量为5%时,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的拉伸强度最好,较纯E-51提高26%;随着L-EP添加量的增加,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的热稳定性增强。采用非等温法分析环氧E-51和L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的固化动力学,结果证明:L-EP对复合材料固化有一定的促进作用。     

NBR/纳米Fe_3O_4复合材料的物理力学性能与摩擦磨损性能测试

为了改善丁腈橡胶(NBR)的摩擦学性能,将具有较好润滑特性的Fe3O4纳米粒子与应用广泛的丁腈橡胶(NBR)进行共混,制备了NBR/纳米Fe3O4复合材料。实验对复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度、300%定伸应力、磁性能等物理力学性能、摩擦磨损性能等进行了测试。并对复合材料的表面微观形态,以及Fe3O4粒子的基本分布进行了分析。结果表明,Fe3O4纳米粒子的加入,使NBR的物理力学性能略有改变,表面微观形态变化较小。摩擦学性能有很大改善,纳米Fe3O4粒子含量为12%时,耐磨效果最优,这可归因于摩擦过程中在摩擦表面形成的一层固体吸附膜。     

芳纶捆绑对纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强环氧树脂复合材料层间性能的影响

将芳纶作为捆绑纱制备纬编双轴向多层衬纱(MBWK)织物增强环氧树脂复合材料，研究了MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料层间性能及芳纶捆绑纱对其层间性能的影响。通过三点弯曲和短梁剪切测试，得到MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲性能和层间剪切性能，并通过Aramis V6三维场应变测量系统观察实验过程中层间应变变化。与传统涤纶低弹丝捆绑的MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料相比，芳纶捆绑MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲性能和层间剪切性能明显提升，弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别提高了14.21%和12.70%；弯曲模量提高了25.49%。芳纶捆绑MBWK织物增强环氧树脂复合材料在受到面外载荷时，纵向应变(Epsilon X)和层间剪切应变(Epsilon XZ)在中性面区域内较大，且在受到面外载荷时，芳纶捆绑纱起到有效抑制复合材料分层的作用。      

Plasma surface modification of advanced organic fibres

The interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture energy, flexural strength and modulus of extended-chain polyethylene/epoxy composites are improved substantially when the fibres are pretreated in an ammonia plasma to introduce amine groups on to the fibre surface. These property changes are examined in terms of the microscopic properties of the fibre/matrix interface. Fracture surface micrographs show clean interfacial tensile and shear fracture in composites made from untreated fibres, indicative of a weak interfacial bond. In contrast, fracture surfaces of composites made from ammonia plasma-treated fibres exhibit fibre fibrillation and internal shear failure as well as matrix cracking, suggesting stronger fibre/matrix bonding, in accord with the observed increase in interlaminar fracture energy and shear strength. Failure of flexural test specimens occurs exclusively in compression, and the enhanced flexural strength and modulus of composites containing plasma-treated fibres result mainly from reduced compressive fibre buckling and debonding due to stronger interfacial bonding. Fibre treatment by ammonia plasma also causes an appreciable loss in the transverse ballistic impact properties of the composite, in accord with a higher fibre/matrix interfacial bond strength.     

Hybrid multi-scale epoxy composite made of conventional carbon fiber fabrics with interlaminar regions containing electrospun carbon nanofiber mats

Herein we report the development and evaluation of hybrid multi-scale epoxy composite made of conventional carbon fiber fabrics with interlaminar regions containing mats of electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNs). The results indicated that (1) the interlaminar shear strength and flexural properties of hybrid multi-scale composite were substantially higher than those of control/comparison composite without ECNs; in particular, the interlaminar shear strength was higher by ∼86%; and (2) the electrical conductivities in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions were enhanced through incorporation of ECNs, while the enhancement of out-of-plane conductivity (∼150%) was much larger than that of in-plane conductivity (∼20%). To validate the data reduction procedure, a new shear stress formula was formulated for composite laminates, which took into account the effect of layup and inter-layers. The study suggested that ECNs could be utilized for the development of high-performance composites, particularly with the improved out-of-plan properties (e.g., interlaminar shear strength).     

Role of matrix modification on interlaminar shear strength of glass fibre/epoxy composites

Interlaminar shear properties of fibre reinforced polymer composites are important in many structural applications. Matrix modification is an effective way to improve the composite interlaminar shear properties. In this paper, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F/diethyl toluene diamine system is used as the starting epoxy matrix. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reactive aliphatic diluent named n-butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) are employed to modify the epoxy matrix. Unmodified and modified epoxy resins are used for fabricating glass fibre reinforced composites by a hot-press process. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the glass fibre reinforced composites is investigated and the results indicate that introduction of MWCNT and BGE obviously enhances the ILSS. In particular, the simultaneous addition of 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs and 10 phr BGE leads to the 25.4% increase in the ILSS for the glass fibre reinforced composite. The fracture surfaces of the fibre reinforced composites are examined by scanning electron microscopy and the micrographs are employed to explain the ILSS results.     

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面处理对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响机制

从工程化应用角度研究了常压空气等离子体改性对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的调节机制,主要分析了不同处理时间对UHMWPE纤维表面状态变化的影响,及其对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面黏结性能的影响规律。采用SEM及纤维吸水测试研究了等离子体处理对UHMWPE纤维表面物理形貌及纤维表面浸润性能的影响,分别以拉伸和弯曲的方式,通过纤维表面脱黏力及层合板层间剪切强度对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面黏结性能进行表征。结果表明,仅经过4 s的空气等离子体处理之后,UHMWPE纤维表面脱黏力的提高幅度为84.0%,UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度由未处理的7.01 MPa提高至15.81 MPa,增幅高达125.5%。研究发现,通过常压空气等离子体处理改变了UHMWPE纤维的表面状态,可以显著高效地调节UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,为扩大该材料的后续工程化应用提供了理论基础。      

Effects of fibre/matrix adhesion on carbon-fibre-reinforced metal laminates—I.: Residual strength

The role of interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix on the residual strength behaviour of carbon-fibre-reinforced metal laminates (FRMLs) has been investigated. Differences in fibre/matrix adhesion were achieved by using treated and untreated carbon fibres in an epoxy resin system. Mechanical characterisation tests were conducted on bulk composite specimens to determine various properties such as interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and transverse tension strength which clearly illustrate the difference in fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the difference in fracture surfaces, the untreated fibre composites showing interfacial failure while the treated fibre composites showed matrix failure. No clear differences were found for the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Young's modulus of the FRMLs despite the differences in the bulk composite properties. A reduction of 7·5% in the apparent value of the ILSS was identified for the untreated fibre laminates by both three-point and five-point bend tests. Residual strength and blunt notch tests showed remarkable increases in strength for the untreated fibre specimens over the treated ones. Increases of up to 20% and 14% were found for specimens with a circular hole and saw cut, respectively. The increase in strength is attributed to the promotion of fibre/matrix splitting and large delamination zones in the untreated fibre specimens owing to the weak fibre/matrix interface.     

Effects of Process-Induced Voids on the Properties of Fibre Reinforced Composites

It is well known that voids have detrimental effects on the performance of composites. This study aims to provide a practical method for predicting the effects of process induced voids on the properties of composites. Representative volume elements(RVE) for carbon ?bre/epoxy composites of various ?bre volume fractions and void contents are created, and the moduli and strengths are derived by ?nite element analysis(FEA). Regression models are ?tted to the FEA data for predicting composite properties including tensile, compressive and shear. The strengths of composite laminates including tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength(ILSS) are calculated with the aid of the developed models. The model predictions are compared with various experimental data and good agreement is found. The outcome from this study provides a useful optimisation and robust design tool for realising affordable composite products when process induced voids are taken into account.     

氧化石墨烯改性碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的湿热性能及微观形貌

采用湿法预浸技术和模压工艺制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料,研究了GO在室温干态及湿热处理后对CF/EP复合材料动态热力学性能和层间剪切性能的影响,并通过微观形貌分析了复合材料的改性机制。结果表明,当GO添加量分别为0.5%和0.8%时,GO-CF/EP复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)得到明显提高,由CF/EP复合材料的184.4℃分别提高到197.7℃和199.5℃;GO-CF/EP复合材料经湿热处理后,GO-CF/EP复合材料的T_g的保持率比CF/EP略低。GO添加量分别为0.05%和0.1%时,GO-CF/EP复合材料的层间剪切强度由CF/EP复合材料的59.7 MPa分别提高到70.2 MPa和72.2 MPa;GO-CF/EP复合材料进行湿热处理后,GO添加量为0.05%的GO-CF/EP复合材料和GO添加量为0.1%的GO-CF/EP复合材料层间剪切强度较CF/EP复合材料高,但GO-CF/EP复合材料的湿热后层间剪切强度保持率均低于CF/EP复合材料。力学损耗分析表明,GO有效提高了CF与EP基体间的界面黏结作用。微观形貌分析表明,GO的存在可有效分散裂纹能量并使裂纹发生偏转,使GO-CF/EP复合材料抵抗裂纹扩展的能力提高。      

不同湿热条件下碳纤维/环氧复合材料湿热性能实验研究

对比研究了环氧5228A树脂及碳纤维/环氧5228A树脂复合材料层合板在3种湿热环境(水煮、70℃水浸,70℃85%相对湿度)下的湿热性能,考察了湿热条件对复合材料层间剪切性能的影响规律,并从吸湿特性、物理化学特性、树脂力学性能、湿应力等方面分析了不同湿热环境下复合材料性能衰减的机制。研究表明,碳纤维/高温固化环氧树脂复合材料层间剪切性能主要是由吸湿率决定,相同吸湿率不同湿热条件下性能的下降幅度基本相同;3种湿热条件下该树脂及其复合材料未发生化学反应、微裂纹等不可逆变化,复合材料层合板湿热老化机制主要是吸入水分后基体增塑和树脂、纤维湿应变不一致导致的湿应力对复合材料性能的负面作用。     

Effect of damage on the interlaminar shear properties of hybrid composite laminates at cryogenic temperatures

This paper presents the experimental and numerical characterization of the interlaminar shear failure of hybrid composite laminates at cryogenic temperatures. Cryogenic short beam shear tests were performed on hybrid laminates consisting of woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites and polyimide films to evaluate their interlaminar shear strength. Microscopic observations of damage accumulation and failure mechanisms were also made on failed specimens. In addition, a progressive damage analysis was conducted to predict the initiation and growth of damage in the specimens, and the interlaminar shear strength was determined from the maximum shear stress in the failure region. The damage effect on the interlaminar shear properties of hybrid laminates at cryogenic temperatures was examined based on the experimental and numerical results.