改性Fe3O4纳米粒子在磁性复合超滤膜中的应用

为解决Fe3O4纳米粒子在磁性复合超滤膜中发生团聚和分布不均匀的问题,文中以市售20nm的Fe3O4粒子为对照,添加自制的改性Fe3O4纳米粒子制备出Fe3O4-聚砜(PSF)磁性复合超滤膜(改性复合超滤膜)。经扫描电镜观察膜表面形貌、能谱仪扫描复合膜中Fe元素分布以及铸膜液中Fe3O4纳米粒子分布情况分析和复合膜孔径分布测试后表明,改性后复合超滤膜中纳米粒子的分布较改性前更为均匀,且未出现粒子团聚现象,改性效果明显。由改性前后的复合膜在不同磁场下对聚乙二醇6000和10000的截留率呈现几乎相同的变化趋势可知,添加改性粒子并未改变磁性复合膜的分离特性。     

聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜截留分子量随磁场的变化规律

在制备聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜的过程中,为避免纳米Fe3O4粒子团聚,采用偶联剂包裹共沉淀法得到Fe3O4粒子,然后采用相转化法制备了聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜。Zeta电位仪检测出纳米粒子平均粒径为66.83 nm,红外分析发现偶联剂结合在粒子表面。经扫描电镜观察和孔径分布分析得出复合膜中纳米Fe3O4粒子分布均匀,无团聚现象出现,孔径分布较窄。聚乙二醇系列测定基膜为2万的复合膜截留分子量从0T下的19800减小至0.4T的15000,继续增大外加磁场,截留分子量基本不再变化。     

纳米Fe3O4粉末及其复合膜的制备与磁性能

目前,以纳米Fe3O4制备Fe3O4／聚乙烯醇（PVA）磁性复合材料的相关报道较少。在共沉淀法中引入柠檬酸根来控制Fe3O4微晶的生长,同时分散Fe3O4使其形成胶体,成功制备了纳米Fe3O4粉末,并以PVA为载体,制备了纳米Fe3O4／PVA磁性复合膜,研究了制备的纳米Fe3O4粉末及Fe3O4／PVA复合膜的组织结...     

纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子的制备及其磁性能研究

用水解沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4,然后在其溶液中原位合成聚苯胺,得到纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子.通过XRD、TEM、JDM等测试对纳米复合粒子的形态、结构及磁性能进行了研究.实验制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径为30nm左右,在其表面沉积聚苯胺后,复合粒子的粒径达到了50nm左右.与纳米Fe3O4粒子相比,纳米Fe3O4/聚苯胺复合粒子的XRD峰形变得更为明锐.纳米复合粒子的磁性能表现出软磁性,与纳米Fe3O4粒子相比,矫顽力减小为0,这可以大大减小材料的磁滞损耗和退磁难度,性能得到改善.     

聚砜-Fe3O4磁性复合超滤膜的制备及表征

采用相转化法,将纳米级Fe3O4颗粒填充到聚砜中制备了磁性复合超滤膜,在外加磁场调控下,其对溶菌酶的截留率显著降低。用磁强测量系统、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对膜进行了表征。磁滞曲线显示纳米Fe3O4颗粒、磁性膜具有超顺磁性;由扫描电镜、原子力显微镜观察到纳米粒子在膜中分布基本均匀,在10μm×10μm观测范围内复合膜的粗糙度只有39.106 nm;由X射线光电子能谱推测复合膜中纳米Fe3O4粒子与聚砜之间形成了Fe-O-S键,粒子能较为稳定地分布在聚砜基体中。     

聚砜-Fe304磁性复合超滤膜的制备及表征

采用相转化法,将纳米级Fe3O4颗粒填充到聚砜中制备了磁性复合超滤膜,在外加磁场调控下,其对溶茵酶的截留率显著降低。用磁强测量系统、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对膜进行了表征。磁滞曲线显示纳米Fe3O4颗粒、磁性膜具有超顺磁性;由扫描电镜、原子力显微镜观察到纳米粒子在膜中分布基本均匀,在10μm×10μm观测范围内复合膜的粗糙度只有39.106nm;由x射线光电子能谱推测复合膜中纳米Fe3O4粒子与聚砜之间形成了Fe-O-S键,粒子能较为稳定地分布在聚砜基体中。     

白蛋白包覆纳米Fe3O4磁性粒子的制备与表征

目的：制备用于肿瘤靶向治疗的纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子。方法：采用液相共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,通过高温固化法使得白蛋白固化包覆磁性Fe3O4磁性粒子。结果：X-Ray衍射分析表明制得的纳米Fe3O4为反尖晶石结构,晶粒平均粒径为17．9nm;白蛋白包覆的磁性纳米粒子的平均粒径为341nm。结论：纳米Fe3O4及其白蛋白包覆的磁性粒孚可用作药物的载体,适用于肿瘤靶向治疗的进一步研究。     

反相微乳液法制备壳聚糖季铵盐/四氧化三铁复合磁性纳米粒子

以环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(ETA)为季铵化试剂,制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(QC)———N-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖,采用AgNO3电位滴定法测定了季铵化度。以柠檬酸钠为改性剂,一步法制备了水基Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子。基于静电自组装作用,采用反相微乳液法制备了QC/Fe3O4复合磁性纳米粒子。通过多种手段对所制备的复合磁性纳米粒子的结构进行了表征、对其性能进行了研究。红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的结果表明,QC主要包覆于Fe3O4的表面。透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,复合磁性纳米粒子磁核为Fe3O4晶体结构,平均粒径大约为50 nm~60 nm。VSM结果表明,所制备的复合磁性纳米粒子仍具有超顺磁性,比饱和磁化强度为19.4emu/g。     

Fe3O4@Au@Ag复合纳米材料的制备及SERS研究

用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4,用静电吸附法制备Fe3O4@Au复合磁性纳米材料,用种子生长法制备出Fe3O4@Au@Ag复合磁性纳米材料。利用紫外一可见吸收光谱研究复合磁性纳米颗粒的光谱特性,以结晶紫为探针分子检测磁性纳米颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射光谱。实验结果表明：复合磁性纳米颗粒既具有磁性又具有贵金属光谱特性;复合磁性纳米颗粒能很好地改善Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射活性。     

羧甲基纤维素-Fe_3O_4复合纳米磁性材料的制备及其渗透性能

采用改进的氧化沉淀法在羧甲基纤维素(CMC)溶液中制备了以磁性纳米Fe3O4为核心,外包CMC的复合磁性纳米粒子。用透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、Zeta电位和震动样品磁强计对复合粒子进行了表面形貌、结构和磁学的表征。实验结果表明,CMC-Fe3O4复合纳米粒子为反尖晶石型,平均粒径约为40 nm;CMC在Fe3O4粒子表面是化学吸附;在相同pH值下,CMC-Fe3O4的表面Zeta电位低于纯相Fe3O4;CMC-Fe3O4的饱和磁化强度为36.74 emu.g-1;CMC-Fe3O4复合粒子在土壤介质中的过滤系数约为0.03 cm-1;在10 cm土柱渗透实验中,72%的CMC-Fe3O4复合粒子悬浊液穿过了土壤介质。     

Biopolymer nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose whiskers

A xylan nanocomposite film with improved strength and barrier properties was prepared by a solution casting using nanocellulose whiskers as a reinforcing agent. The 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the spectral data obtained for the NCW/xylan nanocomposite films indicated the signal intensity originating from xylan-cellulose interactions. Qualitatively, the spectral data obtained for the NCW/xylan nanocomposite films indicated that the amount of xylan adsorbed to cellulose increases with the addition of NCW. In an attempt to quantify this effect, non-linear least-squared spectral line fitting was used to deconvolute the adsorbed xylan peak at -82 ppm. The peak intensity ratio of adsorbed xylan peak and xylan C1 peak, which represents the total amount of xylan increases suggesting that upon the addition of NCW, the amount of adsorbed xylan increases. In an effort to further infer the structure-property relationships associated with the observed strength and barrier properties, 1H NMR T2 relaxation experiments were also conducted to investigate the change in the nature of carbohydrate-water interactions as a result of NCW incorporation. Water adsorbed into the 50% nanocomposite film had significantly shorter relaxation times with respect to the control xylan/sorbitol and all other NCW/xylan nanocomposite films. Additionally, X-ray diffraction of the nanocomposite films showed increased levels of crystalline material in the nanocomposites due to NCW addition.     

Bio-nanocomposites based on derivatized potato starch and cellulose, preparation and characterization

The use of native starch as a thermoplastic polymer is limited by its fragility and high moisture absorption. Native potato starch was derivatized using different agents in order to reduce its hydrophobicity. A reduction in starch mechanical properties was also found as a side effect of derivatization treatments. The addition of nanocellulose allows to considerably improve mechanical properties of biopolymers as well as to maintain their inherent biodegradation capability. Cellulose nanofibers were added to native and modified starch in order to improve the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of starch/cellulose nanocomposite films were evaluated, finding that they considerably improved with the addition of cellulosic nanofibers. This contribution demonstrates a new approach in order to produce bioplastics with combined effect: improved moisture and heat resistance (due to the chemical treatment) and high mechanical properties (after the addition of nanocellulose).     

强磁靶共溅射法制备具有室温磁电阻特性的Co-TiO2纳米复合薄膜

Co-TiO₂纳米复合薄膜作为一种新型自旋电子材料, 由于具有良好的生物相容性, 近年来受到广泛关注。但在制备过程中, 磁性金属Co处于氧化气氛, 容易部分氧化, 从而影响薄膜的隧道磁电阻性能。为了抑制磁性金属的氧化, 提高金属态含量, 本研究通过强磁靶共溅射法制备了Co-TiO₂纳米复合薄膜。该方法采用的强磁靶头, 磁场强度高、分布均匀, 可以提高溅射粒子的能量和溅射速率, 降低因高能粒子碰撞而发生氧化的概率。因此强磁靶共溅射法能明显抑制金属Co的氧化, 提高纳米复合薄膜的自旋极化率。所制备的Co-TiO₂纳米复合薄膜主要由非晶态的TiO₂基体和分散其中的Co颗粒组成。通过调节金属Co颗粒尺寸和分布状态, 在电学上实现了金属态向绝缘态转变, 在磁学上实现了铁磁性向超顺磁性转变。Co含量为51.3at%时, Co-TiO₂纳米复合薄膜表现为高金属态和高电阻率, 并且实现了高达8.25%的室温隧道磁电阻。强磁靶共溅射法使Co-TiO₂纳米复合薄膜的室温磁电阻性能得到了进一步提高, 这对于磁性金属—氧化物纳米复合薄膜的研究有着重要的意义。     

A facile approach to prepare regenerated cellulose/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposite using room-temperature ionic liquid

This study presents the preparation of regenerated cellulose (RC)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites via room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) using solution casting method. The thermal stability, gas permeability, water absorption and mechanical properties of the films were studied. The synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The T20 decomposition temperature of regenerated cellulose improved with the addition of graphene nanoplatelets up to 5 wt%. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of RC films improved by 34 and 56%, respectively with the addition of 3 wt% GNPs. The nanocomposite films exhibited improved oxygen and carbon dioxide gas barrier properties and water absorption resistance compared to RC. XRD and SEM results showed good interaction between RC and GNPs and well dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets in regenerated cellulose. The FTIR spectra showed that the addition of GNPs in RC did not result in any noticeable change in its chemical structure.     

纳米纤维素增强淀粉食品包装材料的研究进展

目的 为了解决纯淀粉材料力学性能低、脆性大等缺点,探索纳米纤维素对淀粉膜材料的影响,为食品包装材料领域和替代传统石油基的高分子材料方向提供新的思路。方法 通过跟进国内外纳米纤维增强淀粉相关研究和应用进展,概括3种纳米纤维素的性能,介绍淀粉食品包装材料未来将面临的挑战和机遇,重点分析纳米纤维素对淀粉膜性能的影响。结论 纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）、纤维素纳米晶（CNC）和微晶纤维素（MCC）对淀粉进行增强后,淀粉复合材料的力学性能、阻隔性能和热学性能均得到改善,纳米纤维素增强淀粉食品包装材料在未来食品包装领域将得到扩展。     

The Potential of NanoCellulose in the Packaging Field: A Review

Nanocellulose has potential applications across several industrial sectors and allows the development of innovative materials, as well as the enhancement of conventional materials properties. The nanocellulose particles can be utilized as fillers, in composites manufacture, as coating and as self‐standing thin films, achieving always very interesting and promising properties. Very few of the several reviews that recently appeared on this topic in the scientific literature, however, summarized the potential of cellulose in nanoform specifically for the packaging field rather focusing on different aspects, ranging from the chemistry and the morphology of nanocellulose particles to the preparation methods, the industrial applications and the patents released. In the present review, the remarkable chemical and physical properties of nanocellulose are introduced and discussed with specific reference to the packaging needs. First, the cellulose resources and structure are introduced, then the process methods to reach the nanoscale, the corresponding morphologies and nomenclatures are summarized, mentioning also the possible chemical modifications of nanocellulose and, finally, its practical and potential applications for packaging materials, especially food packaging materials, are tentatively proposed and discussed. Although the review might not cover every aspect on nanocellulose, yet the key points, particularly those related to safety and biodegradability issues, are regarded and considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of reduced graphene oxide on mechanical behaviors of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (NaCMC/rGO) nanocomposite films were prepared by a simple solution mixing-evaporation method. The NaCMC/rGO nanocomposite films were characterized and compared with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide (NaCMC/GO) nanocomposite films. The stability of the rGO dispersion, and the structural and mechanical properties of the composite films were investigated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and using a universal testing machine (UTM). The results revealed that CMC and rGO were able to form a homogenous mixture. Compared with pure CMC, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CMC/rGO nanocomposite films were considerably enhanced (by 72.52% and 131.79%, respectively) upon incorporation of 2 wt% rGO.     

Novel nanocellulosic xylan composite film

Nanocellulosic-xylan films were prepared employing oat spelt xylan, cellulose whiskers and a plasticizer. The mechanical properties of the films were evaluated using tensile testing under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The tensile data showed that the addition of sulfonated cellulose whiskers lead to a substantial improvement in strength properties. Addition of 7 wt% of sulfonated whiskers increased the tensile energy absorption of xylan films by 445% and the tensile strength of the film by 141%. Furthermore, films to which 7% cellulose whiskers were added showed that nanocellulose whiskers produced with sulfuric acid (sulfonated whiskers) were significantly better at increasing film strength than cellulose whiskers produced by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of cellulosic fibers.     

Mechanical performance and biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films

This study investigated the mechanical properties and biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films. 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals (NCC_A), and nanocellulose (NCC_B) extracted from oil palm fiber (OPF) were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol by solvent casting. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated that the average particle size of microcrystalline cellulose, commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals, and nanocellulose extracted from oil palm fiber are 12.63 μm±5.71 μm, 502.92 nm±196.10 nm, and 79.20 nm±11.69 nm, respectively. Nanofillers dispersed uniformly in polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Addition of microcrystalline cellulose up to 5 wt.% was able to improve the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of polyvinyl alcohol composite films but sacrificed the maximum elongation. Incorporation of 5 wt.% nanocellulose extracted from oil palm fiber is able to increase ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus while maintaining the maximum elongation of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Incorporation of commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals (up to 10 wt.%) increases ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and maximum elongation while maintaining elastic modulus of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Soil burial test result found that presence of moisture accelerated the degradation of the polyvinyl alcohol composite films drastically; the films were fully dissolved in the soil after 7 days. However, the weight of polyvinyl alcohol composite films did not change significantly after 28 days under controlled condition. This indicated that soil moisture is an important catalyst in biodegradation activity of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Comparison with a commercially available biodegradable plastic bag (Bio-PB) shows that the polyvinyl alcohol composite films developed in this study have superior mechanical performance and biodegradability, with potential to replace existing plastic bags.     

磁性纳米纤维素复合膜的制备

目的用简易、经济的方法制备透明柔性、可折叠、力学性能良好的茶梗纳米纤维素基磁性复合膜。方法以茶梗纳米纤维素晶体(CNCs)为模板,共沉淀合成磁性CNCs;随后将磁性CNCs分散到茶梗纳米纤维素纤丝(NCFs)溶液中;最后通过真空抽滤的方法制备磁性复合膜。结果磁性CNCs在不需要任何分散剂的情况下,可以均匀地分散在水溶液中,具有良好的超顺磁性;磁性复合膜具有良好的光学、力学和磁学性能,当NCFs质量分数为60%时,透光率、拉伸强度和磁化强度分别达到71.3%,75.03 MPa和12.96 A·m~2/kg。结论制备的磁性CNCs具有良好的分散性和磁学性能;磁性复合膜具有较好磁学和力学性能,可考虑在电磁屏蔽、磁电开关等领域进行应用。