用脉动阵列实现实时波前复原处理

在自适应光学系统中,波前复原是波前处理中运算量较大的部分,其运算速度直接影响波前处理机的实时性和系统的控制带宽。根据波前复原算法的特点,提出了用脉动阵列实现基于FPGA的实时波前复原处理方法,采用流水和并行处理技术,提高系统的吞吐率;极大地提高了运算速度。该方法实时性强,模块化程度高。     

基于脉动阵列的自适应光学实时波前处理机设计

针对自适应光学系统对波前处理机高计算量、高实时性的要求,本文提出了一种基于脉动阵列的自适应光学实时波前处理方法.该方法将脉动阵列的概念引入波前处理机设计,完成了波前斜率计算、复原运算和控制运算向脉动阵列的映射,合理地建立了数据的深度流水线,同时分析了以FPGA技术实现时系统的计算延时.对于48个子孔径,61单元的自适应光学系统,以一片Xilinx Virex-Ⅱ XC2V3000芯片实现了基于脉动阵列的实时波前处理机,实验测得计算延时仅8.6μs,结果表明该方法能极大地提高系统的实时性,集成度、通用性和扩展性.     

直接斜率波前复原算法的控制效果分析

建立自适应光学系统功率谱抑制函数的概念，分析了采用直接斜率波前复原算法的自适应当光学系统的控制效果，理论分析与６１单元自适应光学系统上的实验结果表明，直接斜率波前复原算法将导致控制效果下降。     

基于MEMS技术的自适应光学系统的研究

用自适应光学系统来校正由大气湍流等产生的波前畸变,能够得到很好的效果.通过对自适应光学系统的工作原理进行研究,提出了一种基于MEMS技术的微小型自适应光学系统校正波前畸变的方法,将MEMS技术应用于变形反射镜,并构建了具体的实验平台,用来校正一种人为产生的波前畸变,且阐述了具体的实验过程.实验结果表明,基于MEMS技术的自适应光学系统能够很好地闭环校正波前畸变,且其体积小、质量轻、校正性能稳定,为自适应光学技术在星载相机上的应用提供了依据.     

基于B样条函数的快速波前复原

从斜率复原波前是夏克-哈特曼波前传感器这一类斜率采样探测器的核心流程。传统的复原算法中,区域法对局部波前的复原效果好,但易受斜率噪声的影响,同时空间分辨率较低;模式法抗噪能力强,但没有精确复原局部波前的能力。本文提出了基于B样条函数的快速复原算法,将波前展开为B样条曲面的线性组合,并将复原问题从斜率最小二乘问题转化为泊松方程,利用斜率的Taylor展开式估计散度,再通过超松驰迭代法进行快速求解。该方法将B样条函数的理论散度积分和实际散度估计分离,可以方便地扩展到不同阶次和不同节点数量的B样条基复原算法中。另外,通过改变散度估计的计算区域,可以灵活控制并平衡算法的局部复原能力和抗噪能力。对变形镜驱动器响应函数的测量实验表明,该方法具有较好的局部复原能力、抗噪能力和任意精度的空间分辨率。     

波前传感器子孔径数和信标亮度的匹配

针对云南天文台１．２ｍ望远镜上的６１单元高分辨率自自应光学系统，进行了微光工作环境下波前传感器子孔径数和信标亮度匹配的实验研究。在Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前传感器前的平行光路加入一个变倍光学系统，进行了８＊８、６＊６、４＊４和２＊２子孔径阵列在不同信标亮下波前感器对波前的探测实验。     

37单元自适应光学系统

报道了在我们的大气传输及自适应光学校正实验室内建立的一套３７单元自适应光学系统的原理和特点。文中给出系统实验框图、一个基于ＳＶＤ上的算法分析、系统控制算法和一些实验结果。     

弱光61单元自适应光学系统的控制优化

在自适应光学系统中,波前校正残误差主要由未完全补偿湍流所引起的误差和系统闭环噪声组成。基于一阶比例－积分控制器分析了弱光６１单元适应光学系统的控制特性。在此基础上风云地非Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ湍流情况,提出一种根据实际测量的大气湍流波前扰动功率谱来确定系统,针对非Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ湍流情况,提出一根据实际测量的大气湍流波前扰动功率谱来确定系统最优控制带宽的新方法。应用这种方法对弱光６１单元自适应光     

抑制微光波前传感器随机噪声的方法研究

在自适应光学系统微光波前传感器中采用像增强器后，高帧频CCD输出的图像中会产生严重的随机噪声，影响光斑质心计算精度，从而使自适应光学系统波前探测精度降低。本文根据微光波前传感器中CCD输出图像的特点对中值滤波，均值滤波，自相关，延时相关等多种方法进行了仿真和实验比较，并提出了一系列评价方法。研究表明延时相关算法是最佳选择。     

37单元自适应光学系统实时波前处理

讨论了３７单元自适应光学系统中子孔径排布、ＣＣＤ相机的图象输出方式及波前处理算法的特点，并介绍了针对系统中帧频为３８０／秒的波前探测器研制的用５片ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ２５并行处理的、峰值运算速度达１亿次／秒的高速数字处理器－波前处理机的原理和实现。该机对一帧图象的采集和处理延时为３．４ｍｓ。     

Wave-front sensing by use of a Green's function solution to the intensity transport equation

A method for reconstructing an unknown wave front from measurements of its intensity distribution on two planes along the direction of propagation is described. The method solves the intensity transport equation by use of Neumann boundary conditions, leading to a solution that requires only matrix multiplication. The method provides real-time wave-front reconstruction with high accuracy and is easily reposed to permit reconstruction of the wave front in any orthonormal basis set.     

基于哈特曼波前探测的流场层析重建系统仿真

基于哈特曼波前探测的流场层析重建技术结合了光学波前探测技术和计算机层析技术。重建系统由哈特曼传感器探测平行光束穿过流场后的投影波前,采用计算机层析技术重建流场物理量的空间分布。在介绍哈特曼流场层析重建原理的基础上,对流场重建的整个过程进行了计算机仿真,重建的RMS误差为0.0726。结果表明,该技术可以很好地实现流场的层析重建,在材料、流场研究等工程实际测量中具有良好的应用前景。     

Theory of singular-phase reconstruction for an optical speckle field in the turbulent atmosphere

Analytical expressions are derived and computational algorithms are constructed for retrieving optical-field phase distribution under strong scintillation. The input data for the phase reconstruction are the wave-front slopes registered by a Hartmann sensor or shearing interferometer. The theory is based on representing the slope-vector field as the sum of its potential and solenoid components; it introduces the concept of phase-source and phase-vortex density and uses strict integral expressions relating these quantities to the wave-front slopes. To overcome the difficulties arising from the singular character of phase distribution, use is made of regularization of the wave-front slopes. The slopes can be measured with an ideal point wave-front sensor. It is shown that the slopes measured at the output of a nonideal sensor can be treated as regularized values of these slopes. Numerical simulation of phase unwrapping from the reference values of the wave-front slopes has shown that the algorithm designed for visualization of local phase singularities and those for phase reconstruction are very helpful in eliminating the measurement noise.     

Measuring eye aberrations with Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensors: should the irradiance distribution across the eye pupil be taken into account?

A usual approximation in Hartmann-Shack aberrometry is that the centroid displacements are proportional to the spatial averages of the wave-front slopes at the sampling subapertures. However, these spatial averages are actually weighted by the local irradiance distribution across each microlens. The irradiance across the eye pupil is not uniform in usual reflectometric aberrometers, which is due to several factors including retinal scattering and cone waveguiding directionality. It is shown that neglecting this fact in usual least-squares reconstruction procedures gives rise to a biased estimation of the aberration coefficients. The magnitude of this bias depends on the actual irradiance distribution across the eye pupil, the mode being estimated, the detailed modal composition of the aberrated wave front, and the geometry of the wave-front sampling array. Order-of-magnitude calculations suggest that this bias may well be in the range 5%-10% for relatively smooth irradiance distributions. The systematic nature of this error makes it advisable to check for its presence and, if required, to compensate for it by an adequate choice of the least-squares reconstruction matrix.     

Adaptive optics with advanced phase-contrast techniques. II. High-resolution wave-front control

A wave-front control paradigm based on gradient-flow optimization is analyzed. In adaptive systems with gradient-flow dynamics, the output of the wave-front sensor is used to directly control high-resolution wavefront correctors without the need for wave-front phase reconstruction (direct-control systems). Here, adaptive direct-control systems with advanced phase-contrast wave-front sensors are analyzed theoretically, through numerical simulations, and experimentally. Adaptive system performance is studied for atmospheric-turbulence-induced phase distortions in the presence of input field intensity scintillations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for high-resolution adaptive optics.     

基于条纹反射的镜面测量及三维重建算法分析

本文详细介绍了依据条纹反射术测量镜面,类镜面的原理和方法,分析了经由梯度数据重建三维面形的主要算法和关键问题.通过计算机模拟和波面实际测量,对十字路径积分法、傅里叶变换积分法和区域波前重构法三种主要算法的重建精度进行了对比研究.研究表明:区域波前重构法不但对高频噪声有较强的抑制作用,同时也可以处理复杂的连通区域和非等间距分布梯度数据的复杂情况,因此更适用于基于条纹反射术的波面测量.     

Phase-diversity wave-front sensing with a distorted diffraction grating

We describe a novel wave-front sensor comprising a distorted diffraction grating, simple optics, and a single camera. A noniterative phase-diversity algorithm is used for wave-front reconstruction. The sensor concept and practical implementation are described in detail, and performance is validated against different Zernike modes and a representative atmospheric phase map.     

High-aspect-ratio line focus for an x-ray laser by a deformable mirror

A high-aspect-ratio line focus is required on a plane target in x-ray laser experiments for obtaining a high gain-length product. Inherent wave-front aberrations in line-focusing optics, which consist of a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens, are discussed with respect to beam diameter. The nonuniformity of the linewidth that is due to the aberrations is also calculated by the ABCD matrix method. A deformable mirror of a continuous plate type with a diameter of 185 mm provides an adequate wave-front distribution for compensating for the wave-front aberration. The wave-front control by the deformable mirror realizes a fine linewidth of 25 mum and 18.2 mm long, corresponding to the aspect ratio of 728. The linewidth is three times the diffraction limit. The intensity distribution along the line focus is also improved.     

Wave-front measurement errors from restricted concentric subdomains

In interferometry and optical testing, system wave-front measurements that are analyzed on a restricted subdomain of the full pupil can include predictable systematic errors. In nearly all cases, the measured rms wave-front error and the magnitudes of the individual aberration polynomial coefficients underestimate the wave-front error magnitudes present in the full-pupil domain. We present an analytic method to determine the relationships between the coefficients of aberration polynomials defined on the full-pupil domain and those defined on a restricted concentric subdomain. In this way, systematic wave-front measurement errors introduced by subregion selection are investigated. Using vector and matrix representations for the wave-front aberration coefficients, we generalize the method to the study of arbitrary input wave fronts and subdomain sizes. While wave-front measurements on a restricted subdomain are insufficient for predicting the wave front of the full-pupil domain, studying the relationship between known full-pupil wave fronts and subdomain wave fronts allows us to set subdomain size limits for arbitrary measurement fidelity.