吸附式船舶制冷系统

本文介绍了一种以水产品保鲜为目的的吸附式船舶制冷系统，该系统以沸石为吸附剂．水为吸附质．以内燃机排放废热为热源，由二套相同制冷机组藕合而成。借助于该系统的介绍．分析了吸附工质正确选择方法。在详细分析该系统的结构和工作原逢基础上．将其与太阳能吸附式制冷系统作了比较。     

太阳能连续吸附式冷藏室的试验性能研究

太阳能吸附式制冷作为一种无氟制冷技术及利用低品位热源的有效工具,越来越受到重视。同时,使用环保型工质和节能是制冷技术发展的的必然趋势。以一太阳能连续吸附式冷藏室为例,对其进行试验研究,得出吸附床的厚度和太阳能集热器的出水温度对制冷系统性能的影响最大,对今后系统的设计改进和试验具有一定指导意义。     

新型太阳能冷管吸附制冷的实验研究

根据固体吸附式制冷原理,利用太阳光作为热源,对一种新型太阳能冷管的制冷性能进行试验研究。该冷管冷凝器采用薄壁不锈钢材料,利用沸石分子筛—水作为吸附工质对。实验结果表明:在太阳辐射强度为21.01~22.90MJ/m2,室外环境温度最高为31℃时,该太阳能冷管的单支制冷量大约为145k J,制冷温度为11℃,制冷系数约为0.118。     

余热驱动的吸附式汽车空调的研制

对吸附式制冷的环保特点进行了论述。对汽车发动机的运行进行了能量分析。设计建造了用于发动机排气余热能量回收的吸附式制冷系统，该系统用燃烧器排出的烟气模拟发动机的排气，采用活性炭／氨作为工质对。对该制冷系统进行了分布参数的仿真计算，并进行了实验。该系统的COP可以达到0．11，可以有效的回收发动机排气的余热。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷的应用与发展

本文在综合前人研究成果的基础上,分析了太阳能固体吸附式制冷的特点,简述了太阳能吸附式制冷的发展现状,并介绍了其基本原理和两种循环类型,及太阳能集热器的一些情况。对硅胶—水,沸石分子筛—水为吸附工质对的系统进行了理想循环计算,发现前者比后者更适合于太阳能吸附制冷系统,提出了新的观点。     

中小型渔船制冷技术的研究进展

远洋渔船带有制冷装置，而100吨以下的中小型渔船因其柴油机的限制，无法安装压缩机式制冷机。出海作业时，均需携带冰块做渔产保鲜。本文介绍压缩式渔船制冷的现状，回收渔船尾气余热的吸收式制冷系统，吸附制冷的冷冻水系统，吸附式制冰系统等实验装置。其中吸附式制冷系统具有良好的开发价值。     

再吸附制冷系统的性能测试及研究

针对热驱动的制冷方式,建立再吸附制冷试验台。该试验台主要包括4种再吸附制冷系统,每个系统具有高温吸附床与低温吸附床：MnCl2／BaCl2系统、NiCl2／BaCl2系统、NiCl2／NaBr系统以及MnCl2／NaBr系统。在室温环境自然制冷的情况下对比分析这4种工质对的工作性能,并通过对该试验台制冷输出冷水温度参数的记录,估算制冷量及制冷性能系数。由于再吸附系统产生的冷量大部分消耗在系统显热上,其制冷性能系数COP较低。实验结果发现MnCl2／NaBr系统有相对较高的制冷效率,从而为再吸附工质对的选择提供了参考。该简易实验台还可用于本科生教学实验。     

太阳能半导体制冷的实验研究与数值分析

建立了以水为热交换媒介的太阳能光伏半导体制冷模块实验系统.制冷装置模块化,用以适应制冷功率变化较大的不同空间布局,通过太阳能光电半导体制冷实验获得了不同工作状态下电流、制冷量、制冷系数等重要参数,该参数可为确定系统最佳工作区域提供可靠依据.给出了太阳能热电制冷系统组合方案,介绍了一种新型组合式半导体制冷器和半导体热电发电装置,其数值计算的结构参数、最大制冷系数和制冷率等重要参数以及热电器件最佳工作区域和结构参数的最优范围,可为系统优化设计的配置提供理论上的指导.     

二级回热低温空气制冷系统性能实验研究

在低温空气循环制冷系统中增加二级回热器及水分离器,除去涡轮进口空气中的水分,以提高系统效率和可靠性。在不同的工况条件下,对3种回热流程的空气制冷系统性能进行实验研究,结果表明,压气机进口压力的升高,增大了涡轮膨胀比,降低了涡轮出口温度,提高了系统制冷量和制冷系数;在系统中增加回热器及相应的水分离器,可显著提高系统的制冷效率和除水性能,且二级回热流程的系统性能最优,与无回热流程相比,系统制冷量和制冷系数分别增加了47%和41%,涡轮进口含湿量下降了约36%;不同的制冷温度下,系统制冷系数较低。     

太阳能半导体冰箱的性能分析

介绍了太阳能电池驱动的半导体制冷冰箱系统的基本结构，建立了太阳能电池驱动的半导体冰箱的理论模型，并对系统性能进行了数值模拟，分析了太阳辐射强度和环境风速的变化对太阳能半导体制冷系统性能的影响。研究表明针对设计的太阳能半导体制冷系统，在某一太阳辐射强度下，系统的制冷量输出最大，并且在辐射强度200～1000W/m^2时，制冷系数随着太阳辐射强度的减小而减小。在给定的工况下，环境风速增加使得系统工作电流朝靠近最佳工作电流数值方向增加。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.