高温改性糖滤泥吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

为了研究高温改性糖滤泥对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,采用静态吸附法进行模拟废水的吸附实验,考察了亚甲基蓝不同初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量及温度对脱色率的影响,确定了最佳吸附脱色条件,并用伪一级、伪二级动力学方程模拟改性糖滤泥吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学行为。结果表明,当吸附时间为120min,吸附剂投加量为0.18g,温度为303K时,废水脱色率最高达97.77%;伪二级动力学方程机理更适合解释高温改性糖滤泥对亚甲基蓝吸附的现象;傅里叶红外光谱分析表明,高温改性糖滤泥吸附亚甲基蓝存在化学吸附。所以,高温改性糖滤泥吸附亚甲基蓝是可行的。     

核壳Fe3O4@NiSiO3磁性微纳米材料的合成及其吸附性能研究与表征

通过改进的凝胶-溶胶法和溶剂热法合成核壳结构Fe_3O_4@NiSiO_3磁性复合微纳米材料,对其结构和性能进行了SEM分析、TEM分析、多晶X射线衍射分析、磁性分析、比表面积及孔结构分析。以亚甲基蓝为模拟吸附染料,探究其吸附的机理和动力学吸附行为;并优化了亚甲基蓝浓度、吸附剂用量、pH值、溶液温度和平衡时间等实验条件。结果表明,复合材料对亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附性能,吸附率达到98.5%;符合Langmuir吸附等温式且吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

有机改性凹凸棒石黏土的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

近年来有机改性成为凹凸棒石(ATP)研究的热点。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为改性剂,超声制备了有机改性凹凸棒石黏土(O-ATP),以FTIR、SEM及XRD对O-ATP进行了表征,研究了其对模拟印染废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附行为,探究了改性比例、吸附时间、温度、pH值、吸附剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度对吸附率的影响,通过正交试验优选出了最优吸附条件:吸附剂用量0.6g,吸附时间2h,温度20℃,pH=4。结果显示,在最优条件下,O-ATP对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达82%,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。脱附试验表明O-ATP对亚甲基蓝具有循环再生能力,前3次脱附后吸附率均可以达到66%以上,可提高使用效率。     

C/海泡石复合吸附剂的水热法制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

以蔗糖和天然海泡石为原材料,通过水热法制备了C/海泡石复合吸附剂,并采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征。发现,蔗糖水热碳化后以无定形碳沉积在海泡石表面,使得海泡石表面含有C-H,C=O和C=C等有机官能团。考察该复合吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝吸附行为的实验表明,C/海泡石复合吸附剂亲有机性明显提高,对亚甲基蓝的去除率与海泡石相比大幅度提高。其对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

金属-有机骨架复合材料Cu-1,3,5-苯三甲酸/氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

利用金属-有机骨架复合材料Cu-1,3,5-苯三甲酸/氧化石墨烯(Cu-BTC/GO)作为吸附剂,研究了其对水相中亚甲基蓝的吸附行为。通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析及比表面积分析等手段对该复合材料的结构进行表征。探讨了温度、pH和亚甲基蓝初浓度等因素对Cu-BTC/GO吸附性能的影响。结果表明:在pH=7、30℃的条件下,125mg/L Cu-BTC/GO对10mg/L亚甲基蓝有优异的吸附能力;Cu-BTC/GO对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学方程,吸附模型符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;通过Langmuir模型计算可知,该复合材料对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量可达480.77mg/g。     

椰壳对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

以椰壳为吸附剂,研究了温度、pH、粒径和共存阳离子等因素对其吸附亚甲基蓝的影响及吸附特性。结果表明:椰壳对亚甲基蓝吸附快速,10min内吸附量达到平衡吸附量的90%;伪二级动力学方程较好地描述了其吸附行为;吸附过程受颗粒内扩散与液膜扩散的共同影响。温度对吸附的影响较小;pH=4~12范围内椰壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附较好;亚甲基蓝初始浓度的增加、椰壳粒径的减小以及共存阳离子的存在,均有利于提高其对亚甲基蓝的吸附量。     

超声波法对吸附Ni(Ⅱ)吸附剂的再生

目前,有关超声波对有机改性凹凸棒黏土吸附剂的再生研究不多。研究了有机改性凹凸棒黏土吸附剂吸附Ni(Ⅱ)后,在超声波作用下再生后吸附Ni(Ⅱ)的效果及其与再生各因素的关系,分析了超声波对吸附剂的再生机理。结果表明:用超声波法对有机改性凹凸棒黏土吸附剂进行再生,在超声波频率40 Hz、功率500 W的条件下,最佳再生温度为45℃,最佳再生时间为1 min,最佳再生pH值为6,最佳再生固液比为7 g/L。吸附剂再生5次后,仍有较好的吸附效果。     

氧化石墨烯/ZnO的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用化学沉淀法合成氧化石墨烯(GO)/ZnO复合材料,并通过多种测试技术对其结构和形貌进行表征。研究反应温度、吸附剂加入量、初始溶液浓度和pH值对亚甲基蓝吸附量的影响。采用准一级动力学、准二级动力学、Elovich和颗粒内扩散四种动力学模型对吸附过程进行描述。结果表明,GO/ZnO吸附亚甲基蓝的速度较快,其吸附过程为吸热反应,较好地符合准二级动力学方程。     

β-环糊精改性磁性壳聚糖微球对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖、四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)和β-环糊精为原料,三聚磷酸钠和环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,采用离子交联法制备β-环糊精改性磁性壳聚糖微球,考察了改性微球对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能及吸附机理。结果表明:改性微球对亚甲基蓝的吸附量随着pH值的升高而增加,随着温度的升高而降低;亚甲基蓝在改性微球上的吸附等温线可用Langmuir方程模拟,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程。在吸附温度为20℃,吸附时间为100min,pH值为8时,改性微球对亚甲基蓝吸附量和脱色率分别达到123.70mg/g和98.96%。用0.01mol/L硝酸(HNO_3)溶液对吸附饱和的改性微球进行解吸,经过3次重复试验后,对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和脱色率是首次的93.69%,再生效果较好,可重复使用。     

热处理与表面活性剂联合改性凹凸棒土的制备

以200目的天然凹凸棒土为原料,以十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)为改性剂,采用热处理和有机改性两种方法耦合改性凹凸棒土,利用红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性前后的凹凸棒土进行了表征。结果表明:经IR分析知,改性顺序为先热处理后OTAC改性处理,经改性后,实现了长碳链季铵盐阳离子对凹凸棒土的插层。经SEM分析知,经200~400℃煅烧后OTAC改性的凹凸棒土,表面呈现疏松多孔,孔隙容积和比表面积增大。当温度达500℃时,凹凸棒土的孔洞塌陷、纤维烧结堆积,孔隙容积和比表面积减小。亚甲基蓝的吸附实验表明:经200℃活化耦合OTAC改性的凹凸棒土对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量由99.4mg/g增大至162.9mg/g。     

V-N-TiO2/凹凸棒土和V-N-TiO2/玻璃珠复合材料的吸附及光催化性能

采用自主研制的V-N-TiO₂光催化剂、V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土、V-N-TiO₂/玻璃珠光催化复合材料,选用腐殖酸、亚甲基蓝、二甲基甲酰胺为目标降解物,对复合材料的吸附特点和光催化性能进行了研究。研究表明,除对二甲基甲酰胺,V-N-TiO₂光催化剂、V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土、V-N-TiO₂/玻璃珠光催化复合材料、凹凸棒土、玻璃珠负载材料对腐殖酸、亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土、V-N-TiO₂/玻璃珠光催化复合材料的负载形式对其吸附性能影响最大。V-N-TiO₂光催化剂、V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土、V-N-TiO₂/玻璃珠光催化复合材料对腐殖酸、亚甲基蓝的光催化反应均符合一级动力学方程。V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土、V-N-TiO₂/玻璃珠光催化复合材料的光催化性能与吸附平衡常数K_a、光催化表面反应的速率常数K_r有关。当光催化复合材料对不同目标降解物的吸附平衡常数差别较大时,吸附平衡常数越大,反应速率常数越大,光催化反应进行得越快;当光催化复合材料对不同目标降解物的吸附平衡常数差别不大时,光催化表面反应的速率常数越大,反应速率常数则越大,光催化反应进行得越快。      

凹凸棒石黏土-腐植酸复合吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

为促进凹凸棒石黏土-腐植酸复合吸附剂在水处理中的应用,用酸改性的甘肃靖远凹凸棒石黏土和天祝褐煤提取的腐植酸制备出凹凸棒石黏土-腐植酸复合吸附剂,通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR等分析方法对复合吸附剂的结构进行了表征,考察了物料配比及吸附时间、pH值、温度、投加量和初始浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响。结果表明:靖远凹凸棒石黏土最佳酸改性条件为盐酸5 mol/L,酸化时间120 min,酸用量固液比为1∶10。当Cr(Ⅵ)的起始浓度为0.1 g/L,体积为50 m L,复合吸附剂用量为1.2 g,吸附时间为6 h,p H值为6,温度25℃,酸改性的凹凸棒石黏土与腐植酸的最佳复合比为1∶3时,复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率达到91.7%。复合吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附满足Freundlich模型。在25~45℃条件下,吸附过程ΔG <0、ΔS=87.46 J/(mol·K)、ΔH=-21.2 kJ/mol,表明该吸附是一个自发、熵增、放热的过程。     

V-N共掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒土光催化复合材料的制备及光催化性能

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土光催化复合材料,研究了V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土的制备方法、V-N-TiO₂与凹凸棒土的质量比、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土光催化性能的影响。在模拟太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,对V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土光催化性能进行测定。研究结果表明：当V-N-TiO₂与凹凸棒的质量比为1：3、煅烧温度为300℃和煅烧时间为2 h时,得到的V-N-TiO₂/凹凸棒土光催化复合材料对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能最佳。     

Methylene blue adsorption by algal biomass based materials: biosorbents characterization and process behaviour

Dead algal biomass is a natural material that serves as a basis for developing a new family of sorbent materials potentially suitable for many industrial applications. In this work an algal industrial waste from agar extraction process, algae Gelidium and a composite material obtained by immobilization of the algal waste with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were physical characterized and used as biosorbents for dyes removal using methylene blue as model. The apparent and real densities and the porosity of biosorbents particles were determined by mercury porosimetry and helium picnometry. The methylene blue adsorption in the liquid phase was the method chosen to calculate the specific surface area of biosorbent particles as it seems to reproduce better the surface area accessible to metal ions in the biosorption process than the N2 adsorption-desorption dry method. The porous texture of the biosorbents particles was also studied. Equilibrium isotherms are well described by the Langmuir equation, giving maximum uptake capacities of 171, 104 and 74 mg g(-1), respectively for algae, algal waste and composite material. Kinetic experiments at different initial methylene blue concentrations were performed to evaluate the equilibrium time and the importance of the driving force to overcome mass transfer resistances. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models adequately describe the kinetic data. The biosorbents used in this work proved to be promising materials for removing methylene blue from aqueous solutions.     

沙柳基磁性多孔炭的制备及其吸附亚甲基蓝性能研究

采用水热法原位改性沙柳生物炭制备磁性多孔炭复合材料,利用SEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS和BET分别对多孔炭的形貌、结构表征,并研究磁性多孔炭吸附去除废水中亚甲基蓝性能。系列表征分析结果表明磁性复合材料表面疏松多孔,比表面积为63.01 m²/g,含有-COOH、-OH等丰富的官能团。在亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、初始pH值为11,投加量为2 g/L、25℃吸附120 min时,亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达88.52%,最大吸附量为218.08 mg/g;吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温模型拟合较好,符合准二级吸附动力学模型。吸附以化学吸附为主,吸附稳定,无二次污染,吸附剂廉价易得,便于分离,是理想的亚甲蓝废水处理试剂。     

Equilibrium modeling and kinetic studies on the adsorption of basic dye by a low-cost adsorbent: coconut (Cocos nucifera) bunch waste

In this paper, the ability of coconut bunch waste (CBW), an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Malaysia, to remove basic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution by adsorption was studied. Batch mode experiments were conducted at 30 degrees C to study the effects of pH and initial concentration of methylene blue (MB). Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and the monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 70.92 mg/g at 30 degrees C. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations have been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.     

Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto perlite

The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on perlite have been studied. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, temperature and pH on the adsorption rate were investigated. Adsorption measurements show that the process is very fast and physical in nature. The extent of the dye removal increased with increase in the initial concentration of the dye and the initial pH and temperature of solution. Adsorption data were modelled using the first and second-order kinetic equations, mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion models. It was shown that the second-order kinetic equation could best describe the sorption kinetics. The diffusion coefficient, D, was found to increase when the initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were raised. Thermodynamic activation parameters, such as DeltaG*, DeltaS* and DeltaH*, were calculated.     

A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions

In this paper, pineapple stem (PS) waste, an agricultural waste available in large quantity in Malaysia, was utilized as low-cost adsorbent to remove basic dye (methylene blue, MB) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode experiments were conducted at 30 degrees C to study the effects of initial concentration of methylene blue, contact time and pH on dye adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetic were investigated. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity of 119.05mg/g. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using a pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation and intraparticle diffusion equation. The experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The PS was found to be very effective adsorbent for MB adsorption.     

KOH活化碳气凝胶对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料水热制备有机气凝胶,在碳化过程中使用KOH作活化剂制备出孔结构丰富的碳气凝胶。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及N2吸脱附法等手段对材料的结构及形貌表征,考察了活化剂用量、染料初始浓度、接触时间等因素对亚甲基蓝在碳气凝胶上吸附的影响,并进行了吸附类型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明:活化剂的加入使碳气凝胶材料的孔结构更加丰富,当活化剂与有机气凝胶的质量比达到2∶1时,其吸附性能最佳。碳气凝胶去除亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合二级动力学模型。吸附类型为Langmuir吸附模型。     

Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Bamboo, an abundant and inexpensive natural resource in Malaysia was used to prepare activated carbon by physiochemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) as the activating agents at 850 degrees C for 2h. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of methylene blue dye on such carbon were then examined at 30 degrees C. Adsorption isotherm of the methylene blue (MB) on the activated carbon was determined and correlated with common isotherm equations. The equilibrium data for methylene blue adsorption well fitted to the Langmuir equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 454.2mg/g. Two simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation were selected to follow the adsorption processes. The adsorption of methylene blue could be best described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The kinetic parameters of this best-fit model were calculated and discussed.