反相容工件系统的加权完工时间和的重新排序问题(英文)

重新排序问题是指在原始工件已经安排好的情形下,新到的工件集与原始工件集一起重新再排序,这是实际工作中常见一类优化问题。本文考虑了单机上当工件加工时间与权重反相容时,在最大错位量约束下的加权完工时间和最小化的重新排序问题。对于提出的四个问题,即在最大序列错位、最大时间错位、总序列错位和总时间错位约束下的加权完工时间和重新排序,基于问题的结构性质,运用动态规划方法分别给出了这些问题的多项式时间或拟多项式时间算法。     

无空闲占优机器的加工时间可变流水作业排序

研究了基于实际应用背景提炼出的工件加工时间是其开工时间的线性函数的无空闲流水作业排序问题。在机器分别具有某些优势关系的情形下,探讨了目标函数为极小化最大完工时间和极小化总完工时间之和的情况。对于每种情况,分别给出了工件按某种规则排序为最优序的多项式时间算法。     

一类具有三重指标的分批排序问题

本文研究现代排序问题一具有三重指标的批容量无限制平行分批排序问题。第一指标为最大延迟,第二指标为最大完工时间,第三指标为关于工件完工时间的任意正规函数。本文通过分析前两个指标最优解的性质给出了此问题的多项式时间算法。     

工件可拒绝的两个代理排序问题的全多项式时间近似方案

本文研究单处理机上工件可拒绝的两个代理的排序问题。在此问题中,有两个代理A和B,分别有各自的工件集和费用函数。代理A的工件可以被接收,也可以被拒绝,但要支付一定的拒绝费用。代理B的工件要全部接收。代理A的费用函数是他的接收工件的最大完工时间与拒绝工件的拒绝费用之和,代理B的费用函数是他的工件的最大延迟。排序问题的目标是在满足代理B的费用函数不超过一定数量的前提下,使得代理A的费用函数达到最小。对于该问题给出了一个全多项式时间近似方案。     

同时最优化时间表长与总完工时间的双代理单机序列分批排序问题（英文）

本文研究在一台序列分批处理机上同时最优化A代理的时间表长和B代理的总完工时间的双代理排序问题.在序列分批的背景下,工件被分批加工(但不同代理的工件不能在同一批中加工,且每个代理都希望最小化仅依赖于各自工件完工时间的费用函数)且一批的加工时间等于这一批中所有工件的加工时间和.而且在一个新批开始加工前,机器有一个常数的安装时间.此外,根据批容量,序列分批模型又被分成有界模型和无界模型.在本文中,我们对所研究问题的有界模型和无界模型分别给出了一个多项式时间算法.     

两个带有分批费用的平行分批排序问题的算法

本文研究两个带有分批费用的平行分批排序问题.平行分批是将工件集分割成若干批在机器上成批加工,机器可同时加工在一批的多个工件,每批的加工时间等于该批中最大的加工时间.假设每分一批都产生一个固定的分批费用,本文目标是将工件分成若干批且排出各批的加工顺序,使目标值最优.这里假定工件和批处理机都在零时刻到达,一旦开始加工就不允许中断.本文利用动态规划方法分别给出下面两个问题的多项式时间算法:一是最小化总加权完工时间与分批费用之和;二是最小化最大延迟与分批费用之和.     

同时最优化时间表长与总完工时间的双代理单机序列分批排序问题（英）

本文研究在一台序列分批处理机上同时最优化$A$代理的时间表长和$B$代理的总完工时间的双代理排序问题．在序列分批的背景下，工件被分批加工（但不同代理的工件不能在同一批中加工，且每个代理都希望最小化仅依赖于各自工件完工时间的费用函数）且一批的加工时间等于这一批中所有工件的加工时间和．而且在一个新批开始加工前，机器有一个常数的安装时间．此外，根据批容量，序列分批模型又被分成有界模型和无界模型．在本文中，我们对所研究问题的有界模型和无界模型分别给出了一个多项式时间算法．     

具有双工期的最小化最大延迟的双目标排序

本文研究一个双目标排序问题.由于决策者的利益不同,他们对工件的加工有不同的工期要求,因而可导出两个最大误工问题.我们证明了可在多项式时间内找到关于这两个目标函数的所有Pareto最优点.     

单机带调整时间加权成套订单数问题遗传算法研究

通过大量的企业调研,提出了一类新的目标排序问题--单机带调整时间加权成套订单数排序问题:n个工件来自m个订单,分属B个不同类别,不同类之间的工件连续加工有调整时间,各工件有自己的交货期,一个订单中所有工件均按期完工则该订单成套完工,目标为加权成套延迟订单数最小.提出两类问题并且通过数学模型进行表述,设计相应的遗传算法,仿真结果表明该算法是可行而有效的.     

零等待混合流水车间问题优化研究

研究了带零等待的混合流水车间调度问题,考虑工件动态到达的实际生产特征,以最小化总加权完成时间为目标,建立整数规划模型,然后设计一种基于代理次梯度法的改进拉格朗日松弛算法.基于工件分解策略将拉格朗日松弛问题分解为多个工件级子问题,不同于每次迭代要求最优求解所有子问题的次梯度法,所设计的代理次梯度法通过每次迭代最优求解几个子问题得到松弛问题的近似解,进而获得搜索拉格朗日乘子的代理次梯度方向,最后设计启发式构造可行时间表.通过仿真实验,证明了所设计的算法在解的质量和收敛性方面均优于传统的使用次梯度法的拉格朗日松弛算法.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.