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1.
1引言
水声信号处理中研究的对象是声场,基于传统的声压传感器阵的水声信号处理只拾取声场的声压,而具有方向敏感性的矢量传感器测得声压的同时,可以得到质点振速等矢量信号,即同时获得p,Vx,Vy,Vz四个关于目标信息的物理量.由于获得的关于声场信息量的增加,基于矢量传感器阵的定向精度必将得到改善[1].常规的波束形成法如Bartlett法,Capon法是一种非参数谱估计法,没有将信号的可用信息结合到估计中,本文将AR模型法引入声矢量阵信号处理,将信号的模型结合到谱估计算法中,获得了更精确,分辨率更高的谱估计. 相似文献
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1.引言
水声信号处理中研究的对象是声场,基于传统的声压传感器阵的水声信号处理只拾取声场的声压,而具有方向敏感性的矢量传感器可以同时测得质点振速等矢量信号,即同时获得p,Vx,Vy,Vz四个关于目标信息的物理量,由于获得的关于声场信息量的增加,基于矢量传感器阵的定向精度必将得到改善[1].常规的波束形成法如Bartlett法,Capon法是一种非参数谱估计法,没有将信号的可用信息结合到估计中[2],本文将AR模型法引入声矢量阵信号处理,将信号的模型结合到谱估计算法中,获得了更精确,分辨率更高的谱估计. 相似文献
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声矢量传感器由声压传感器和质点振速传感器组成,可用在空间某点同步测量声场的声压和质点振速信息。但矢量传感器在实际制作时,可能存在声压传感器和质点振速传感器中心不一致的情况,即矢量声场的非共点测量。这会使得声压与振速通道之间的接收信号存在时延差,从而影响矢量传感器的定向性能。从理论上分析了时延差对平均声强法定向的影响,即降低了信号处理的信噪比及引入π相位的定向误差,并提出采用互相关声能流法进行定向。通过仿真分析了中心不一致、入射角度和信噪比等因素对不同类型的目标定向结果的影响,并验证和讨论了互相关声能流定向算法的有效性和适用性。 相似文献
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水声目标辐射噪声的包络谱中包含调制线谱(DEMON),不同类型的水声目标其DEMON谱不同,研究单矢量传感器利用DEMON谱检测目标信号的能力。采用文中定义的解析声强流方法,将单矢量传感器拾取的同一点的多信号源的振速矢量叠加统一描述在解析声强流的相位中,目标方位可以通过计算解析声强流的相位得到。仿真计算结果表明,这一方法对不同基频调制的宽带信号的检测能力可达-20dB,方位分辨能力在信噪比为-15dB时约为10°。对湖试数据的处理结果已证明本方法的可行性。 相似文献
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用于非有理谱随机信号功率谱估计的非递归带通数字滤波算法,即使采用FFT快速算法,仍有计算量较大的缺点。因此,对于较宽频率内随机信号谱估计不太实用。由于递归带通数字滤波算法在大减少计算量,可以用于同信号谱估计。本文讨论了这种算法用于谱估计的性能,给出算法参数选择原则,并给出谱估计实例。 相似文献
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矢量水听器由声压和振速水听器复合而成,可以共点同步测量声场中的声压与振速。相对于声压阵,使用矢量阵能在大部分观测区域实现无模糊定向,突破半波阵限制,扩展阵列孔径。当导向矢量精确已知和观测数据充分时,MVDR(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response)的分辨率和抑制干扰能力都优于常规波束形成(CBF)。在实际应用中,导向矢量存在误差或者时变,MVDR的性能严重恶化。RCB(Robust Capon Beamforming)是最近出现的一种宽容自适应波束形成算法,该算法直接对导向矢量进行估计作波束形成,从而有效避免了因导向矢量失配性能下降。推导了秩亏情况下的RCB,将其应用到矢量阵,海试结果表明了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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旋转不变子空间法和多重信号分类法需假设背景噪声为独立的高斯白噪声或自相关矩阵已知,当条件不满足时算法的性能急剧下降。针对这一问题,根据矢量水听器多通道输出的特点,提出了一种基于平行因子模型的单矢量水听器方位频率联合估计方法。首先利用矢量水听器各个通道t时刻和t+1时刻的输出数据,计算声压和各振速不同组合时的四阶累积量,并构建三阶平行因子模型;然后分析了 PARAFAC 模型低秩分解的唯一性条件并利用三线性交替最小二乘算法得到了单矢量水听器阵列流形和相位延迟估计,进而得到目标的方位和频率估计。与旋转不变子空间法和多重信号分类法相比,该方法不需要子空间估计和谱峰搜索,在高斯噪声和拉普拉斯噪声背景下对多目标的分辨能力好于ESPRIT算法。仿真和实测数据的分析结果证明了算法的有效性。 相似文献
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时频MUSIC算法利用信号的时频分布构造空间时频分布矩阵,并用该矩阵代替传统的相关矩阵进行DOA估计,可以有效抑制噪声和干扰,提高算法的稳健性。时频子空间算法突破了传统子空间算法中阵元数对估计信号个数的限制,时频点包含了信号的时频空三维信息,通过时频点的选择可直接确定信号的频率从而确定阵列流型矩阵。对于宽带信号,在进行方位估计时避免了频域搜索,减少了运算量。将时频MUSIC算法应用于二维矢量水听器垂直线阵中,充分利用矢量水听器的标、矢量信息和信号的时、频信息进行宽带信号的二维波达方位估计。仿真研究验证了算法的有效性。 相似文献
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Vector Field Smoothing for DOA Estimation of Coherent Underwater Acoustic Signals in Presence of a Reflecting Boundary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianwu Tao Wenxiu Chang Wei Cui 《IEEE sensors journal》2007,7(8):1152-1158
A new vector field smoothing algorithm for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple coherent, underwater acoustic signals is proposed based on the array with vector hydrophones, which is located at or near a reflecting boundary. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined in two practical applications: hull-mounted and seabed array. The advantage of the vector field smoothing scheme is no reduction in the overall array's spatial aperture. 相似文献
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Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is an emerging technology for seafloor imaging, which has an appealing property of range- and frequency-independent spatial processing resolution. However, for a low-frequency SAS system operated in shallow water environments, there are often strong sea surface and bottom reflected multipath components that interfere with the desired echo signals. Based upon a small vertically displaced hydrophone array, several spatial processing algorithms have been proposed for multipath reduction. Most of these algorithms, however, are only applicable to narrowband signals, whereas wideband signals are usually used in low-to-medium-frequency SAS systems in order to achieve a high range resolution. This paper presents a steered robust Capon beamforming (SRCB) approach, and applies the approach, together with the data-independent delay-and-sum beamforming and the conventional wideband robust Capon beamforming, to wideband multipath rejection for shallow water SAS imaging. Numerical simulations of the proposed SAS processing have verified the performance improvements on output image quality over conventional processing in terms of both ghost target strength reduction and contrast enhancement. 相似文献
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声矢量传感器南声压传感器和质点振速传感器组成,它可以空间共点、时间同步测量声场的声压标量和振速矢量信息。钏对声压线阵无法同时分辨目标的方位角和俯仰角,而三维矢量传感器线阵会带来成本的增加和工程应用上的困难.利用二维矢量传感器组成的直线阵对目标的二维波达方位进行联合估计,详细推导了矢量阵MUSIC算法的数学表达式,并着重对矢量线阵在三维坐标不同轴上时对方位估计的影响进行了研究。仿真结果表明二维矢量线阵布放在水平的X轴或Y轴上时存在方位模糊.而布放在垂直的Z轴上时可以实现全空间无模糊定向,且对双目标也有较高的分辨率。 相似文献
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声场分解的均匀圆阵实值MUSIC算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
经典方位角估计算法中未考虑阵列安装支架对阵列接收信号的影响,实际中阵列安装支架必然会对阵列接收信号产生影响。以环绕在刚性球上的均匀圆阵为阵列模型。在对声场特性的分析中将声学原理和阵列信号处理技术相结合,探讨了存在刚性球形障碍物时的声源方位角估计问题。首先从声学理论出发,分析了刚性球体散射声场及声场分解,讨论了刚性球体对圆阵响应的影响;进而结合阵列信号处理技术,在对声场分解所得到的特征波束空间,利用实值MUSIC算法实现了声源方位角估计。计算机仿真表明,该算法能较好地估计出空间多个声源的方位角,且计算量小,估计精度高,具有解相关声源的能力。 相似文献
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A novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed with uniform linear array when uncorrelated and coherent signals coexist. The DOAs of uncorrelated signals are first estimated using a new method of modified total least squares estimation of signal parameters via rotation invariance techniques. Afterwards, the contributions of uncorrelated signals are eliminated and a new matrix is constructed based on the spatial difference matrix. Then, the coherent signals can be resolved by performing the forward spatial smoothing scheme on the new matrix. The proposed method can resolve more signals than the array elements with good performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. 相似文献
17.
Ferrara KW Algazi VR 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》1991,38(1):1-16
The derivation and theoretical evaluation of new wideband maximum-likelihood strategies for the estimation of blood velocity using acoustic signals are presented. A model for the received signal from blood scatterers, using a train of short wideband pulses, is described. Evaluation of the autocorrelation of the signal based on this model shows that the magnitude, periodicity, and phase of the autocorrelation are affected by the mean scatterer velocity and the presence of a velocity spread target. New velocity estimators are then derived that exploit the effect of the scatterer velocity on both the signal delay and the shift in frequency. The wideband range spread estimator is derived using a statistical model of the target. Based on the point target assumption, a simpler wideband maximum-likelihood estimator is also obtained. These new estimation strategies are analyzed for their local and global performance. Evaluation of the Cramer-Rao bound shows that the bound on the estimator variance is reduced using these estimators, in comparison with narrowband strategies. In order to study global accuracy, the expected estimator output is evaluated, and it is determined that the width of the mainlobe is reduced. In addition, it is shown that the height of subsidiary velocity peaks is reduced through the use of these new estimators. 相似文献
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在短快拍、信号导向矢量失配环境下,传统的自适应波束形成方法性能受到影响,对角加载技术是提高算法在复杂环境下性能鲁棒性的重要技术之一。针对水声环境和水声信号特点,提出一种基于声矢量阵的自适应波束形成方法。该方法利用水声信号的多普勒频率信息,在不同环境下自适应地选择最优对角加载因子,确定波束形成的权矢量,从而实现提取期望目标信号、抑制干扰和噪声的目的。无需任何用户参数,鲁棒性强、估计精度高。最后基于声矢量阵进行仿真实验,仿真结果证明了所提出的方法能够有效地获取目标信号,具有较好的抗干扰能力。 相似文献