Q235钢热浸渗铝层的组织结构和耐高温腐蚀性能

分析了Q235钢渗铝层的显微组织,并对其耐高温氧化和热腐蚀性能进行了研究。能谱分析（EDS）结果表明,热浸渗铝层由表层纯铝层和内层η相（Fe2Al5)组成,经扩散退火后,渗层组织由表及里依次出现η相（Fe2Al5)、ζ相（FeAl2)、β2相（FeAl)、β1相（Fe3Al)和固溶体α相。高温氧化和热腐蚀试验结果表明,渗铝Q235钢的耐高温氧化性能和1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢相当,而耐热腐蚀性能明显优于后者。     

镧镨铈混合稀土对热浸渗铝的影响

镧普铈混合稀土（LPC）是新型专利成分的混合稀土。研究了LPC对热浸渗铝层组织和耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明，在铝液中加入LPC，使渗层组织细化、均匀，渗层前沿整齐。加入LPC后，渗层无论是否经过扩散处理，耐蚀性能均明显提高。扩散前，其耐蚀性是不加稀土渗层耐蚀性的1．3倍，扩散后其耐蚀性是不加稀土渗层耐蚀性的3倍。     

铸铁热浸渗铝及其抗高温氧化性能研究

为了研究热浸温度、时间及硅含量对HT200热浸渗铝的影响, 用称重法分析了未镀、浸镀和浸镀加扩散退火处理铸铁的高温抗氧化能力, 用金相显微镜和XRD分析了渗层组织结构.结果表明:镀层厚度随温度升高和时间延长而增大,本试验中浸镀温度740～810 ℃,浸镀时间5～10 min较佳.硅抑制渗层的生长,当镀液硅含量为2%,6%和9%时,镀层厚度分别为384,200 μm和121 μm.渗层结构由外镀层和中间扩散层(以Fe3Al为主)组成,经扩散退火后,渗层主要为Fe2Al5相.浸铝和浸铝且扩散退火处理后的铸铁抗氧化能力提高2～8倍, 耐蚀性显著改善.     

激光预加工对铝化物渗层低温成形工艺的影响

目的 研究K4169镍基高温合金表面激光熔凝预处理对铝化物渗层制备温度的影响。方法 先对镍基合金进行表面激光熔凝处理,分析表面熔凝层显微组织变化,再采用包埋渗法制备铝化物渗层,对比研究熔凝处理前后对渗层形成温度的影响。结果 经激光熔凝处理后,合金试样表层晶粒显著细化;预处理后的合金试样表面经900 ℃保温5 h所制备的渗层,与未处理的经1050 ℃保温5 h所制备的渗层具有相似的厚度及组织结构特征。结论 激光熔凝预处理可有效降低镍基合金表面铝化物渗层的成形温度,减轻渗层成形时高温长时处理对基体合金力学性能的影响。     

45钢外加直流电场粉末法铝硅共渗工艺及渗层性能

为了节能、快速共渗铝硅,以45钢为基材,在介质与试样间施加一定强度直流电场,进行固体粉末铝硅共渗,并对处理试样的高温抗氧化性和耐蚀性进行研究。采用金相显微镜和XRD分析了铝硅共渗层的组织特点在800℃下,研究了渗层的抗氧化性能;于10％H2SO4中研究了渗层的耐蚀性。结果表明：直流电场可降低铝硅共渗加热温度,提高渗速;...     

球墨铸铁的等离子束表面强化研究

利用等离子束对球墨铸铁进行表面熔凝和表面合金化强化处理。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、电化学工作站和磨损试验机等设备对强化层的组织、性能进行测试。结果表明:等离子束表面强化处理后,球墨铸铁表面石墨相完全消失,形成的改性层显微组织主要是枝晶结构;改性层的硬度最高值出现在次表层,熔凝层的最高硬度为1243HV0.1,合金化层的最高硬度达1343HV0.1;熔凝层和合金化层的耐蚀性和耐磨性相对于基体来说有很大的提高,并且由于合金化层具有更多的碳化物,组织更加致密均匀,其耐蚀性和耐磨性明显好于熔凝层。     

高铬钢激光熔凝处理后的组织与耐蚀性能

快速凝固技术是改善高铬钢表面性能的有效手段,其中激光熔凝处理最为简单经济.过去,对采用激光熔凝处理来提高材料耐蚀性的报道不多,为此,采用5 kW横流CO2激光器对高铬钢进行熔凝强化处理,借助电化学测试、扫描电镜等方法研究了高铬钢激光熔凝处理后的显微组织及耐蚀性能.结果表明:高铬钢的表面腐蚀始于碳化物与基体交界处,导致基体腐蚀严重,大量碳化物暴露于表面;激光熔凝处理明显改善了高铬钢的组织形态,使其晶粒细化,碳化物完全溶解,碳及合金元素固溶于奥氏体枝晶中,耐蚀性明显提高,腐蚀表面均匀平整.     

包埋渗铝法制备Fe-Al渗层及其扩散机制

包埋渗铝法可在钢基体表面制备出一层致密、坚固、连续的Fe-Al渗层，以改善基体性能。本文在不同温度和不同时间下对Q235低碳钢进行包埋渗铝，形成Fe-Al渗层，采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法研究了渗铝层的物相结构、表面及截面形貌和成分，采用显微硬度仪测量了截面硬度。结果表明，不同渗铝温度下获得的渗铝层，主要含有Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃两相，且750℃得到的渗层存在较多Fe₂Al₅相；随着渗铝温度升高，Fe-Al渗层厚度增加，Al原子扩散系数增大，但显微硬度降低；不同渗铝时间下制备的渗铝层，物相仍以Fe₂Al₅和FeAl₃为主，但随着渗铝时间延长，FeAl₃含量减少，且Al原子扩散系数变大，渗层显微硬度略有降低。在进一步分析Fe-Al渗层形成的热力学与动力学基础上，总结了渗铝层形成的扩散机制。     

45 钢表面激光合金化组织分析及硬度测试

目的为了提高45钢表面性能,采用CO2激光器对其表面进行合金化处理。方法利用带有能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微/维氏硬度计、扫描电镜等,对合金化层组织及性能进行了观察和分析。结果激光合金化层由合金化区、结合区和热影响区3部分组成,涂层与基体呈冶金结合;涂层主要含Cr3C2,Fe Ni3,Cr23C6,Fe3C相;激光合金化层的显微硬度达1032 HV,约为基体的3.5倍。结论 45钢经激光合金化处理,可改善其表面性能,显著提高其硬度。     

激光熔凝处理对Zr-1Nb核燃料包壳组织和性能的影响

为了提高核燃料包壳Zr-1Nb合金的抗高温腐蚀性能,采用激光熔凝+真空退火热处理工艺对其进行表面处理。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼等检测手段对锆管组织、成分及物相结构进行分析,使用探针式表面轮廓仪、显微硬度计和高压反应釜等仪器表征锆合金的粗糙度、硬度和耐蚀性。结果表明:经激光熔凝处理的锆管表面平整度提高;激光熔凝层物相主要由α-Zr和少量的m-ZrO2组成,且后续真空退火热处理没有改变锆合金的相组成;较高功率条件下进行激光熔凝显著降低锆管的高温耐蚀性能,而在较低功率进行激光熔凝工艺且辅助后续热处理的条件下,可以显著提高锆管的高温耐蚀性能;经激光熔凝处理后锆合金的显微硬度升高50~80HV0.1,热处理后硬度相应减小,但仍高于原始样品。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high power diode laser (HPDL) treated cast aluminium alloys

The appliance and development of modern technologies in the areas of surface engineering can be extended by laser surface treatment, especially using high power diode laser (HPDL) for remelting, feeding and/or alloying. The purpose of this work was to determine technological and technical conditions for tungsten carbide (WC) ceramic powder feeding into the surface layer of the laser treated Al–Si–Cu cast aluminium alloys with high power diode laser, as well as to investigate the microstructure and ceramic powder particle distribution in the surface layer. Special attention was devoted to monitoring of the layer morphology of the investigated material and on the particle occurred. Light and scanning electron microscopy as well as X‐Ray diffraction were used to characterize the microstructure of the remelted zone. A wide range of laser powers was choose and implicated by different process speed rates. Also one powder in form of tungsten carbide was used for feeding with the middle particle size of 80 µm. As the main findings there was found that, the obtained surface layer is without cracks and defects as well as has a comparably higher hardness value compared to the non remelted material. The hardness value increases according to the laser power used so that the highest power applied gives the highest hardness value in the remelted layer. Also the distribution of the tungsten carbide particles is good, but there are still possibilities for further modelling. The major purpose of this work is to study the effect of a high power diode laser melting on the cast Al–Si–Cu alloys structure to provide application possibilities for automotive and aviation industry.     

LASER SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR PROMOTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF A CARBON STEEL

The effect of laser treatment and laser alloying on corrosion resistance of 1045 steel has been studied. Various ways of surface alloying have been investigated by using continuous CO₂ laser beam: i) irradiation of chromium painted surfaces; ii) irradiation of Ni and Cr-electroplated surfaces; iii) direct injection of Ni and Cr powders into the melt pool. A high and uniform level of alloying in the surface layer can be achieved in the cases of electroplated surfaces and direct powder injection. It requires, however, an appropriate choice of irradiation conditions (such as beam power, beam traverse speed, beam defocusing and degree of overlapping) that provide remelted layer of a limited and fairly uniform thickness. It has been found that in order to achieve corrosion behavior of laser treated surfaces similar to that of austenite type 304 stainless steel chromium and nickel contents in the alloyed layer are to be higher than those of 304 steel.     

KH560处理对Al-Al2O3-硅烷复合涂层耐蚀性的影响

对热浸镀铝-阳极氧化后的45钢在6%(体积分数)KH560硅烷溶液中进行不同时间的封孔处理,在45钢表面形成Al-Al2O3-硅烷复合涂层,研究复合涂层的微观组织及其对45钢的耐蚀性能和45钢-30%(质量分数,下同)Cf/nylon6复合材料的电偶腐蚀的影响。结果表明:硅烷涂层密封了Al2O3涂层的孔隙,阻止腐蚀液侵蚀基体,提高了45钢的耐蚀性;同时Al-Al2O3-硅烷复合涂层良好的绝缘性能使45钢与30%Cf/nylon6之间的电偶腐蚀的驱动力减小,改善其电偶腐蚀抗力。经5 min最佳KH560工艺处理后,试样的自腐蚀电流密度较单一热浸镀铝试样下降了3个数量级,电化学阻抗提高了2个数量级,与30%C f/nylon6复合材料偶接的电偶电流密度下降了约75%。     

包铝层和氧化时间对2E12铝合金硫酸阳极氧化及膜层性能的影响

对保留表面包铝和去除包铝的2E12-T3铝合金采用硫酸阳极氧化处理工艺,研究了包铝层和氧化时间对铝合金阳极氧化行为及膜层耐蚀性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜观察氧化膜的表面以及截面形貌,应用动电位扫描极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱对膜层的电化学性能进行分析。结果表明:两种铝合金表面均能形成具有防护性能的阳极氧化膜,膜层随氧化时间延长而增厚。富铜的第二相颗粒会使得不带包铝的2E12铝合金氧化膜具有更多孔洞缺陷,甚至出现微裂纹。保留包铝的2E12铝合金表面氧化膜更厚,孔洞缺陷少,耐蚀性更好。阳极氧化30min和45min的2E12铝合金阳极氧化膜具有较低的腐蚀电流和较高的多孔层阻抗,耐蚀性好。     

封闭对铝合金微弧氧化膜在酸性溶液中耐蚀性的影响

为了提高7A85铝合金的耐蚀性, 采用单极性正脉冲微弧氧化(MAO)技术在其表面制备了陶瓷膜层, 并采用稀土铈盐、铬酸盐和SiO₂溶胶对MAO膜进行封闭处理。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站研究了封闭处理对膜层表面形貌、结构和在酸性NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。实验发现, MAO膜在酸性NaCl溶液中不能有效地保护铝合金基体。稀土铈盐和铬酸盐封闭处理通过沉积水合氢氧化物封闭孔隙, 可以提高MAO膜的耐蚀性。但在酸性溶液中, 封孔物质会和H⁺发生反应而溶解, 故经封闭的MAO试样也会发生腐蚀失效。SiO₂溶胶封闭处理后MAO膜表面覆盖一层凝胶, 使膜层成为完整的致密层, 可以保护铝合金基体在酸性NaCl溶液中免受腐蚀。     

铝锌合金在镁合金AZ91D中的扩渗机理及腐蚀性能研究

采用包埋铝和锌的方法在镁合金AZ91D表面制备了铝-锌合金化涂层,并且利用x射线衍射、能谱分析研究了该涂层的组织和耐腐蚀性能。该涂层外层为AlMg2Zn, Mg7Zn3 和Mg17Al12 金属间化合物层;内层为Mg17Al12金属间化合物分布于α-Mg晶界。研究表明,与镁合金基体相比较在质量分数为3.5wt.% NaCl扩渗层显示出较好的耐腐蚀性能。盐雾腐蚀说明,Al-Mg-Zn合金化扩渗层对于降低腐蚀速率起到有效作用。此外,合金化扩渗层与基体的结合是冶金结合,且涂层的显微硬度显著提高。     

GH600高温合金重熔层组织结构对激光焊接性能的影响研究

目的 研究GH600高温合金重熔层组织对T形激光焊接强度的影响。方法 采用激光焊工艺制备GH600高温合金T形焊接接头,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪观察重熔层去除前后焊接接头的显微组织和元素分布。采用电子万能试验机测试去除重熔层前后焊接接头的力学性能,采用维氏硬度计测试焊接接头的硬度。结果 去除重熔层的焊接接头的抗拉强度约为1 400 MPa,约为未去除重熔层焊接接头抗拉强度的3倍。结论 焊接强度下降的主要原因如下:重熔层内部存在较大的内应力和缺陷;二次结晶时内应力释放;第二相对晶界的钉扎失效使晶粒异常长大,进而形成白带层。     

Fine structures in Fe3Al alloy layer of a new hot dip aluminized steel

The fine structure in the Fe-Al alloy layer of a new hot dip aluminized steel (HDA) was examined by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), electron diffraction technique, etc. The test results indicated that the Fe-Al alloy layer of the new aluminized steel mainly composed of Fe₃Al, FeAl and α-Fe (Al) solid solution. There was no brittle phase containing higher aluminum content, such as FeAl₃ (59.18% Al) and Fe2Al7 (62–93% Al). The tiny cracks and embrittlement, formerly caused by these brittle phases in the conventional aluminum-coated steel, were effectively eliminated. There was no microscopic defect (such as tiny cracks, pores or loose layer) in the coating. This is favourable to resist high temperature oxidation and corrosion of the aluminized steel.     

Effect of laser remelting on the tribological performance of thermal barrier coatings

Gas turbine's efficiency improves as operating temperature is increased. For this reason, metallic components used in turbine engines, for propulsion and power generation, are protected by thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Laser glazing has been used to enhance the oxidation and corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed TBC, but there is no information about the effect of this treatment on the tribological performance. ZrO2(CaO) top coat and NiAIMo bond coating were flame sprayed onto an AlSI 1045 carbon steel. The top coat was laser remelted and a densified ceramic layer was induced in the top surface of the ceramic coating. Both, the as sprayed and the laser remelted top coatings, were formed by cubic ZrO2 with some tetragonal precipitates. The grain size was reduced by the laser treatment. The mechanical properties and the local wear rate were evaluated by depth sensing indentation and scratch tests respectively. The nanoscale wear behaviour was always improved by the laser treatment.     

Morphology and phase modification of HVOF-sprayed MCrAlY-coatings remelted by electron beam irradiation

The electron beam remelting process is one of the most convenient processes to reduce the disadvantages of thermal-spray coatings. The effect of high-energy electron beam irradiation on surface remelting and microstructural modification in MCrAlY coatings are investigated in this study. This surface treatment is made to modify the morphology and the phases of the coated layer in order to improve the corrosion resistance. The specimens were remelted by using a high-energy electron beam accelerator. The microstructure, corrosion resistance and phase modification were examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy, light microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction were performed to characterize the phase modification and morphology before and after the treatment.