超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的等离子体表面处理

本文采用低温等离子体对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维进行表面处理,以改善其与环氧树脂的粘接性能,为进一步研制高性能轻型复合材料提供科学依据。实验结果表明处理后的纤维表面能大大提高,使环氧树脂能良好地浸润纤维;纤维与环氧树脂间粘接强度可提高近5—10倍。本文进一步分析了粘接性能改善的原因,并对粘接强度做出贡献的各种作用进行了综合的定量分析。     

低温等离子体表面处理对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维-环氧树脂粘接性能的影响及机理

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与环氧树脂的粘接性能很差,给高性能轻型复合材料的研制带来困难。本文采用低温等离子体对纤维表面进行处理。结果表明,处理后的纤维表面能提高,使环氧树脂能良好地浸润纤维,纤维与环氧树脂间粘接强度可提高5-8倍。粘接性能改善的原因是:由表面引入的多种含氧基团所形成的化学键力,由表面刻蚀坑产生的机械嵌合力。      

低温等离子体表面处理对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维-环氧树脂粘接性能的影响及机理

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与环氧树脂的粘接性能很差,给高性能轻型复合材料的研制带来困难。本文采用低温等离子体对纤维表面进行处理。结果表明,处理后的纤维表面能提高,使环氧树脂能良好地浸润纤维,纤维与环氧树脂间粘接强度可提高5-8倍。粘接性能改善的原因是:由表面引入的多种含氧基团所形成的化学键力,由表面刻蚀坑产生的机械嵌合力。     

LiCl处理对芳纶纤维表面结构与性能的影响

为提高芳纶纤维与复合材料基体间的界面强度,首先,使用LiCl乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维一定时间;然后,对LiCl处理芳纶纤维表面的化学组成、微观形貌、单丝拉伸强度及芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析。结果表明:使用LiCl乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维后,芳纶纤维表面的含氮官能团含量增加;处理后,芳纶纤维表面有刻蚀出的沟槽,表面粗糙度增大,进而改善了芳纶纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面粘接性能,使芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度由处理前的21.75 MPa提升到37.98 MPa;最佳处理时间为3~4 h,而处理时间过长会导致芳纶纤维的单丝拉伸强度及复合材料的层间剪切强度下降。所得结论证实使用LiCl处理芳纶纤维是一种有效的表面改性方法。      

超声作用对芳纶纤维表面性质的影响

芳纶纤维表面性质是影响其复合材料界面粘接性能的重要因素。本文作者采用超声技术对芳纶纤维表面进行改性处理,研究了超声作用下,芳纶纤维表面化学组成和表面结构的变化。结果表明:超声处理后,纤维表面极性官能团含量增加,比表面积加大,从而改善了芳纶纤维和环氧树脂之间的浸润性。     

石墨纤维阳极氧化表面处理的研究

本文研究了PAN基石墨纤维在四种铵盐电解液中阳极氧化表面处理的工艺条件.用SEM和XPS技术分析了处理前后纤维表面形态的变化,通过复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)对表面处理前后石墨纤维与环氧树脂之间界面粘结强度的改善进行了评价.     

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面处理对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的影响机制

从工程化应用角度研究了常压空气等离子体改性对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面性能的调节机制,主要分析了不同处理时间对UHMWPE纤维表面状态变化的影响,及其对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料界面黏结性能的影响规律。采用SEM及纤维吸水测试研究了等离子体处理对UHMWPE纤维表面物理形貌及纤维表面浸润性能的影响,分别以拉伸和弯曲的方式,通过纤维表面脱黏力及层合板层间剪切强度对UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面黏结性能进行表征。结果表明,仅经过4 s的空气等离子体处理之后,UHMWPE纤维表面脱黏力的提高幅度为84.0%,UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度由未处理的7.01 MPa提高至15.81 MPa,增幅高达125.5%。研究发现,通过常压空气等离子体处理改变了UHMWPE纤维的表面状态,可以显著高效地调节UHMWPE/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,为扩大该材料的后续工程化应用提供了理论基础。      

氧化石墨烯改性玄武岩纤维及其增强环氧树脂复合材料性能

为了改善玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能,通过偶联剂对氧化石墨烯进行改性,并将改性后的氧化石墨烯引入到上浆剂中对玄武岩纤维进行表面涂覆改性,同时制备了氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料.采用FTIR表征了氧化石墨烯的改性效果;运用SEM分析了改性上浆剂处理对玄武岩纤维表面及复合材料断口形貌的影响和作用机制.结果表明:偶联剂成功接枝到氧化石墨烯表面;玄武岩纤维经氧化石墨烯改性的上浆剂处理后,表面粗糙度及活性官能团含量增加,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂界面处的机械齿合作用及化学键合作用增强,界面黏结强度得到改善,玄武岩纤维的断裂强力提高了30.8%,氧化石墨烯-玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度提高了10.6%.     

芳纶纤维的磷酸表面处理及其树脂基复合材料界面性能

采取不同浓度的磷酸水溶液对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 并对不同处理条件下芳纶纤维的单丝强度、表面性质及其环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明: 20 wt %磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维, 纤维表面含氧官能团含量最高; 继续提高磷酸溶液的浓度, 含氧官能团含量下降, 纤维表面趋于平整, 单丝强度上升。用20 wt %磷酸溶液处理芳纶纤维, 纤维/ 环氧树脂基复合材料的层间剪切强度达到62 MPa , 界面剪切强度提高18 % , 是一种简单有效的表面处理方法。纤维表面粗糙度和纤维表面含氧官能团的数量是影响芳纶纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料界面结合性能的关键因素。      

CaCl1和多巴胺处理对芳纶纤维表面结构与性能的影响

采用氯化钙(CaCl2)乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液浸渍法对芳纶纤维表面进行改性处理,对改性后芳纶纤维表面的化学结构、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、单丝拉伸强度和芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能等进行了测试分析.结果表明,采用CaCl2乙醇溶液处理芳纶纤维后,芳纶纤维表面有刻蚀出的沟槽,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度明显提高,同时由于纤维结构受到破坏,单丝拉伸强度下降了11.12％;采用多巴胺水溶液处理时,芳纶纤维表面沉积了聚多巴胺涂层,表面粗糙度增大,芳纶纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度进一步提高,纤维结构几乎不受影响,单丝拉伸强度降幅较小;采用CaCl2乙醇溶液和多巴胺水溶液先后处理芳纶纤维后,纤维表面的聚多巴胺涂层更致密,复合材料的层间剪切强度达到最大值,同时改性后的纤维具有一定的抗紫外性能,此方法改性效果最优.     

Transition Probabilities of Forbidden Lines

This paper describes calculations of the transition probabilities of forbidden lines (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole radiation) of laboratory and astrophysical interest. Results are given for Ti III, Cr II, Cr IV, Mn V, Mn VI, Fe VI, Fe VII, Ni I, Cu II, Ga I, Ge I, Ge II, As I, As III, Se I, Br I, Br II, Kr II, Kr III, Rb III, In I, Sn I, Sn II, Sb I, Sb III, Te I, I I, I II, Xe II, Xe III, Cs III, Hg II, Tl I, Pb I, Pb II, Bi I, Bi II, Bi III, Po I, and Rn II.     

Resistance characteristics to oxidation of the metal-catalyzer for Cat-CVD

In order to obtain oxide films using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD), oxidation experiments for catalyzers of Alumel, Al Chrom-O, Chromel, Hastelloy C-276, Kanthal, Kovar, Inconel-600, Inconel-601, Inconel X-750, Iron Chrome 30, Moleculoy, Monel, Ni, Nickel Chrome, Pt, SUS-304, SUS-316, Super Invar, and Ti have been carried out. The electric resistance measured for each metal heated at 900 °C, exposed for 30 min in O₂ atmosphere, have revealed that Alumel, Al Chrom-O, Chromel, Hastelloy C-276, Kanthal, Inconel-600, Inconel-601, Inconel X-750, Iron Chrome 30, Moleculoy, Ni, Nickel Chrome, Pt, SUS-304, and SUS-316 are in resistance to oxidation.     

Statistical analysis of trace metals in the plasma of cancer patients versus controls

The plasma of cancer patients (n=112) and controls (n=118) were analysed for selected trace metals (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr and Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the plasma of cancer patients, mean concentrations of macronutrients/essential metals, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn were 3971, 178, 44.1, 7.59, 4.38 and 3.90 ppm, respectively, while the mean metal levels in the plasma of controls were 3844, 151, 74.2, 18.0, 6.60 and 2.50 ppm, respectively. Average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr and Zn were noted to be significantly higher in the plasma of cancer patients compared with controls. Very strong mutual correlations (r>0.70) in the plasma of cancer patients were observed between Fe-Mn, Ca-Mn, Ca-Ni, Ca-Co, Cd-Pb, Co-Ni, Mn-Ni, Mn-Zn, Cr-Li, Ca-Zn and Fe-Ni, whereas, Ca-Mn, Ca-Mg, Fe-Zn, Ca-Zn, Mg-Mn, Mg-Zn, Cd-Sb, Cd-Co, Cd-Zn, Co-Sb and Sb-Zn exhibited strong relationships (r>0.50) in the plasma of controls, all were significant at p<0.01. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data extracted five PCs, both for cancer patients and controls, but with considerably different loadings. The average metals levels in male and female donors of the two groups were also evaluated and in addition, the general role of trace metals in the carcinogenesis was discussed. The study indicated appreciably different pattern of metal distribution and mutual relationships in the plasma of cancer patients in comparison with controls.     

Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Paper Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of 11 Benzimidazoles by One Monoclonal Antibody

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay based on a generic monoclonal antibody is developed for the simultaneous detection of benzimidazoles and metabolite residues in milk samples. The monoclonal antibody is prepared using 2‐(methoxycarbonylamino)‐3H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid as the hapten, and it can recognize 11 types of benzimidazoles simultaneously. The immunochromatographic strip is assembled and labeled using gold nanoparticles. This strip can detect 11 benzimidazoles including albendazole, albendazole s‐oxide, albendazole sulfone, fenbendazole, fenbendazole sulfone, flubendazole, mebendazole, parbendazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, and carbendazim within 15 min in milk samples. Results are obtained visually with the naked eye, and the cutoff values and the visual limit of detection values for these benzimidazoles are 25, 6.25, 12.5, 12.5, 50, 25, 50, 50, 50, 6.25, and 25 ng mL^?1, and 6.25, 3.125, 3.125, 1.56, 12.5, 6.25, 12.5, 12.5, 6.25, 0.78, and 12.5 ng mL^?1, respectively. Results are also obtained using a hand‐held strip scan reader, with calculated limit of detection values for these benzimidazoles of 0.83, 0.77, 1.83, 0.98, 7.67, 3.50, 3.96, 5.71, 0.92, 0.59, and 1.69 ng mL^?1, respectively. In short, the developed paper sensor is a useful tool for rapid and simple screening of residues of benzimidazoles in milk samples.     

压力设备腐蚀失效案例统计分析

收集整理近年来有关压力容器管道的腐蚀失效案例,并对其进行了归纳与分析.从整体的腐蚀情况来看,应力腐蚀及其它应力作用下的腐蚀失效形式是压力容器管道比较突出的腐蚀失效问题,同时奥氏体不锈钢、碳钢及低合金钢三种材料的腐蚀失效较严重.     

In vivo measurement of blood flow in a micro‐scale stenosis model generated by laser photothermal blood coagulation

Blood flow in a stenosed vessel is one of the most important issues, because it is closely related to the outbreak of circulatory diseases. To overcome the technological limitations encountered in the haemodynamic studies using in vitro stenosis models, the authors induced a stenosed flow model in the extraembryonic vessels of a chicken embryo. Blood was coagulated by laser irradiation to artificially form a stenosis on the designated spot in a straight blood vessel. Owing to photothermal coagulation of red blood cells (RBCs), the blood is denatured and a stable blood coagulum is induced in the vessel. The blood coagulum adheres firmly and stably on the vessel wall without any size variation. It disturbs the on‐coming blood flow significantly. To investigate the haemodynamic characteristics of the blood flow in the stenosed vessel, a micro particle image velocimetry technique was employed using RBCs as tracers to measure the spatial distributions of velocity vectors, streamlines and shear rate. The present simple modelling of in vivo stenosis would be useful for investigating the basic haemodynamic mechanisms underlying circulatory vascular diseases.Inspec keywords: adhesion, biological effects of laser radiation, biomedical optical imaging, blood, blood flow measurement, blood vessels, cellular biophysics, coagulation, diseases, flow visualisation, laser applications in medicine, photothermal effects, shear flowOther keywords: in vivo measurement, blood flow, microscale stenosis model, laser photothermal blood coagulation, stenosed vessel, circulatory diseases, haemodynamics, extraembryonic vessels, chicken embryo, laser irradiation, blood vessel, red blood cells, blood coagulum, adherence, vessel wall, microparticle image velocimetry, shear rate, circulatory vascular diseasesInspec keywords: adhesion, biological effects of laser radiation, biomedical optical imaging, blood, blood flow measurement, blood vessels, cellular biophysics, coagulation, diseases, flow visualisation, laser applications in medicine, photothermal effects, shear flowOther keywords: in vivo measurement, blood flow, microscale stenosis model, laser photothermal blood coagulation, stenosed vessel, circulatory diseases, haemodynamics, extraembryonic vessels, chicken embryo, laser irradiation, blood vessel, red blood cells, blood coagulum, adherence, vessel wall, microparticle image velocimetry, shear rate, circulatory vascular diseases     

低温容器应用进展及发展前景（二）

综述了低温容器在航天、航空、机械、电子、地质矿产、冶金、建设、环保、交通、农业、卫生、食品、能源、化工、科技等部门的应用现状,展望了未来发展前景。     

In-situ X-ray Diffraction study of Metal Induced Crystallization of amorphous silicon

By covering amorphous silicon (a-Si) with a thin metal film, it is possible to lower the crystallization temperature of the a-Si (typically around 800 °C when using ramp anneals) to levels which can be used in a manufacturing process. This phenomenon of Metal Induced Crystallization (MIC) has been reported previously for Ni, Au and Al. In this work, in-situ X-ray Diffraction was used to study the MIC process for 20 different metals (Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Al). The 7 metals which lower the crystallization temperature the most are Ni, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, Al and Ag. The crystallization kinetics were studied in detail for these 7 materials. In order to explain the MIC process, two models where used depending on the interaction of the metal with Si (eutectic or compound forming).     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中农药残留量的测量不确定度评定

依据行业标准NY/T 761—2008,采用气相色谱法,对蔬菜中六六六、腐霉利、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯的残留量进行测量不确定分析,在标准品、标准溶液配制、样品称量、前处理过程、标准溶液峰面积、样品溶液峰面积和回收率7个方面进行测量不确定度的评定。结果显示:在0.08mg/kg添加水平下,α-六六六、β-六六六、γ-六六六、δ-六六六、腐霉利、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯合成的不确定度分别为:2.63%、3.01%、2.45%、2.69%、2.33%、1.83%、2.41%、3.34%、2.84%,影响测量不确定度的主要来源为回收率、样品溶液峰面积、标准溶液峰面积。标准溶液的配制、前处理过程对合成不确定度较小的目标物亦不能忽视。     

A New Surface Tension Equation for Refrigerants

This study presents a new formula for the surface tension prediction of refrigerants. As a first step, an analysis of the available experimental surface tension data for refrigerants was performed. The experimental data were collected, after a careful literature survey, for the following pure fluids: R11, R12, R13, R13B1, R14, R21, R22, R23, R32, R113, R114, R115, R123, R124, R125, R134, R134a, R141b, R143a, R152a, R218, R227ea, R236ea, R236fa, R245ca, R245fa, R365mfc, and R1234yf. Then, the experimental data were regressed with the most reliable semi-empirical correlating methods based on the corresponding-states theory existing in the literature. As a final step, to minimize the deviation between the predicted data and the experimental data and to find the optimal equation for experimental data regression, a (μ + λ)-evolution strategy was adopted. After a careful statistical analysis of the results, a new formula based on the corresponding-states principle with improved representation of the experimental results was found and proposed.