微波辅助原位熔融缩聚法制备聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料

以微波为热源替代传统加热方式,采用原位熔融缩聚法制备出聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。有机蒙脱土的加入有利于聚乳酸分子链进入蒙脱土片层,当蒙脱土用量为1.5%时,微波辐射60 min所制得的聚乳酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料与纯聚乳酸相比,拉伸强度提高近2倍,热失重中心温度提高7.3℃,对紫外线的屏蔽波段扩展了50nm以上。透射电镜(TEM)结果表明,有机蒙脱土以剥离态均匀分散于聚乳酸基体中。     

二维和零维纳米材料协同增强的高性能纳米复合材料

将二维蒙脱土和零维纳米TiO_2共同复合到环氧树脂中,成功地制备出一种高性能有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。力学性能测试和热分析显示,该复合材料在拉伸模量、拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、玻璃化转变温度、热分解温度上都明显优于纯环氧树脂,也优于有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料和纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。XRD检测和透射电子显微镜观察显示,在有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料中,蒙脱土被完全剥离为纳米单片,和纳米TiO_2交错分布于环氧树脂中。选择适宜的两种维度的纳米材料复合于聚合物中,是制备新型高性能复合材料的成功思路。     

悬浮聚合法制备纳米蒙脱土/聚合物( 苯乙烯-共聚-二乙烯基苯) 复合材料及性能

采用悬浮聚合法制备了纳米蒙脱土/聚合物(苯乙烯-共聚-二乙烯基苯) 复合材料。钠基蒙脱土(SMMT) 经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 离子交换后获得有机蒙脱土(OMMT) 。采用XRD 和FTIR 分析表征了有机蒙脱土的结构与性能。通过XRD、TEM、SEM、和FTIR 对复合材料微观结构进行了表征; 通过热重分析仪( TG) 对复合材料的热稳定性能进行了研究。讨论了蒙脱土含量和交联剂用量对复合材料热稳定性能的影响。结果表明, 钠基蒙脱土的层间距为1. 48 nm , 经有机改性蒙脱土的层间距为2. 85 nm , 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物复合材料的层间距约为4 nm; 纯聚苯乙烯最大质量损失温度为399 ℃, 当蒙脱土含量为5 %、交联剂用量为10 %时, 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物最大质量损失温度提高到437 ℃。在实验条件下, 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物复合材料具有更好的热稳定性能。      

一种多功能有机蒙脱土-纳米TiO2/环氧树脂复合材料

将有机蒙脱土（O-MMT）和纳米TiO₂共同复合到环氧树脂中,成功地制备出了一种高性能多功能O-MMT-纳米TiO₂/环氧树脂复合材料。由XRD检测结果和TEM观察结果证实,由于利用了O-MMT、纳米TiO₂与环氧树脂间的相互作用,蒙脱土（MMT）层被高度剥离,所得的二维MMT纳米单片与零维纳米TiO₂颗粒交错分布于树脂基体中。力学性能测试、热分析和耐沾污性试验表明,O-MMT-纳米TiO₂/环氧树脂复合材料的多项性能都比纯环氧树脂有大幅提高。     

环氧树脂/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层和剥离行为,制备了两种环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其力学性能。实验结果表明,环氧树脂与有机土的相容性好,二者混合时环氧树脂很容易插入到粘土层间。使用经不同有机阳离子处理的两种有机蒙脱土,分别制得插层型和剥离型环氧/粘土纳米复合材料,力学性能结果表明,剥离型纳米复合材料的性能优于同组成的插层型纳米复合材料。     

不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用原位插层复合法制备不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料.通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段表征不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的微观结构;通过拉伸、冲击和氧指数实验对不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能进行研究.结果表明,当蒙脱土含量为0.5%时阻燃纳米复合材料与纯不饱和聚酯相比氧指数从22上升到24,此时拉伸强度提高8.76%,冲击强度提高68.65%.与阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯复合材料相比,同等阻燃级别下拉伸强度提高23.06%,冲击性能提高93.9%.     

超声波对硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料热性能的影响

采用超声波技术,原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)研究了复合材料内部结构以及超声波时间对蒙脱土分散性和复合材料热性能的影响。简单控制超声波时间15和30min,分别制备了不同OMMT质量分数的插层型和剥离型聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。加入OMMT,无论是插层型还是剥离型,复合材料的起始分解温度都有所下降,但热失重速率较平缓。插层型纳米复合材料耐热性能明显优于剥离型,温度500℃时,插层型热失重均小于纯硅树脂。当OMMT含量8%时,插层型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重均10%;而剥离型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重较大,超过15%。     

脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土复合材料的制备与性能

使用原位插层聚合法制备了一系列不同有机蒙脱土含量的基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热测试(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)等研究了有机蒙脱土含量对脂肪族聚氨酯弹性体结构与性能的影响。XRD结果表明,成功地合成了聚氨酯/蒙脱土插层型纳米复合材料。TGA结果表明,纳米复合材料的热稳定性随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加而提高。有机蒙脱土对聚氨酯基体有较好的增强和增韧作用,而当有机蒙脱土含量为7%时,纳米复合材料的力学性能最佳。     

阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的性能

采用原位插层复合法,制备了包含十溴二苯醚和蒙脱土的阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段表征阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的微观结构。通过拉伸、冲击和氧指数实验对阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能进行研究。结果表明,当蒙脱土的含量为0.6%时,阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的氧指数与阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯复合材料相比从24.1上升到25.4,冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高82.66%和31.05%。燃烧残余物数码照片和扫描电镜照片显示蒙脱土促进了炭层形成。     

剥离型环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

采用阳离子交换的方法对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理,使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性,并且使其层间距由原来的1.2nm扩大到2.2nm.采用X-射线衍射仪研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离行为,制备了环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其性能.实验结果表明,环氧树脂与有机蒙脱土的相容性好,蒙脱土在环氧树脂中完全剥离;环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能、热性能以及阻隔性能与纯环氧树脂固化物相比均有不同程度的提高和改善.     

Thermo-physical characterisation of epoxy resin reinforced by amino-functionalized carbon nanofibers

Epoxy/carbon nanofibers (CNFs) composites with different proportions of CNFs have been synthesised. In order to improve the CNFs dispersion into epoxy matrix, the nanofibers were functionalized with amino groups. The effect of the content and the functionalization of the nano-filler on the morphology of nanocomposite structure has been studied by optical and electron microscopies. It has been found that the CNFs dispersion is enhanced with the functionalization process up to nanofibers contents of 1 wt%. It has been also found that reached dispersion level markedly affects to the physical and thermo-dynamical mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites.The addition of CNFs causes an important increase of the coefficient of thermal expansion and the glassy storage modulus of nanocomposites but the α-relaxation temperature decreases.     

基于纳米压痕法的埃洛石纳米管/环氧复合材料力学性能表征

采用球磨法在环氧树脂中分散了不同质量分数(0、5wt%和10wt%)的埃洛石纳米管(HNTs),通过哌啶固化剂固化,制备了HNTs/环氧树脂复合材料,并利用纳米压痕法测试了HNTs/环氧树脂复合材料的弹性模量、硬度和蠕变性能。SEM和TEM观测表明:HNTs在环氧树脂中分散情况较好。纳米压痕实验结果表明:在不牺牲HNTs/环氧树脂复合材料弹性模量、硬度以及玻璃化转变温度的基础上,HNTs明显提高了环氧树脂基复合材料的抗蠕变性能,这主要是由于HNTs和环氧基分子链形成了新的交联结构,增加了材料的交联密度,刚性纳米粒子限制了环氧基分子链的活动性。     

木质素磺酸铵对聚乳酸/木纤维可生物降解复合材料力学与热性能的影响

为探讨生物质资源改善复合材料的界面及综合性能的可行性,以木纤维(WF)为基体,聚乳酸(PLA)为增强体,添加氧化改性木质素磺酸铵(OMAL),采用高速混合-平板热压工艺制备环境友好型OMAL-PLA/WF复合材料。研究了OMAL对OMAL-PLA/WF复合材料力学和热性能的影响。结果表明:在WF与PLA质量比为7∶3的复合体系中,OMAL对提高OMAL-PLA/WF复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量以及内结合强度具有促进作用。OMAL添加量为15wt%~20wt%时,OMAL-PLA/WF复合材料的力学性能最好;当OMAL添加量为20wt%时,与PLA/WF对照样相比,OMAL-PLA/WF复合材料的热分解起始温度降低45℃,热分解速率特征峰温度提前107℃,残渣量增加5.3%,玻璃化转变温度、冷结晶温度和熔融温度均向低温方向移动,储能模量和损耗角正切值增大,玻璃态阶段的热稳定温度范围提高约20℃。     

New development of self-damping MWCNT composites

Epoxy resin modified with nanofillers cannot be used alone for high performance structural applications due to their low-mechanical properties. Therefore, the objective of this work is to hybridize unidirectional and quasi-isotropic glass fiber composite laminates with 1.0 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Results from flexural and damping characterizations showed that the flexural strength and modulus, storage modulus, and damping ratio of MWCNT/E nanocomposite are improved by about 7% ± 1.5% compared to neat epoxy. The enhancement in the flexural strength of quasi-isotropic laminate (20.7%) is about ten times higher than that for unidirectional laminate (2.1%). The flexural moduli of the nano-hybridized laminates are reduced by about 7.5–10.8%. Accordingly, the ultimate failure strain and damping properties are evidently improved. The improvement in damping ratio in some cases is about 100%. The high correlation coefficient (0.9995) between flexural and storage moduli suggests using the dynamic nondestructive tests for evaluation the elastic properties of composites.     

Thermal-mechanical properties of a graphitic-nanofibers reinforced epoxy

We previously developed a series of reactive graphitic nanofibers (r-GNFs) reinforced epoxy (nano-epoxy) as composite matrices, which have shown good wetting and adhesion properties with continuous fiber. In this work, the thermal-mechanical properties of the nano-epoxy system containing EponTM Resin 828 and Epi-cure Curing Agent W were characterized. Results from three-point bending tests showed that the flexural strength and flexural modulus of this system with 0.30 wt% of reactive nanofibers were increased by 16%, and 21% respectively, over pure epoxy. Fracture toughness increased by ca. 40% for specimens with 0.50 wt% of r-GNFs. By dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test, specimens with 0.30 wt% of r-GNFs showed a significant increase in storage modulus E' (by ca. 122%) and loss modulus E" (by ca. 111%) with respect to that of pure epoxy. Also thermo-dilatometry analysis (TDA) was used to measure dimensional change of specimens as a function of temperature, and then, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) before and after glass transition temperature (Tg) were obtained. Results implied that nano-epoxy materials had good dimensional stability and reduced CTE values when compared to those of pure epoxy.     

Effect of maleic anhydride modified MWCNTs on the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of its PMMA composites

This study successfully grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with maleic anhydride (Mah-g-MWCNTs) via Friedel–Crafts acylation with the aluminum chloride catalyst (AlCl₃), investigated by Raman and TGA analysis. The covalent bonds and carboxylic groups of maleic anhydride provided additional active species, improving adhesion between the MWCNTs and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This investigation also studied the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of pristine MWCNTs (P-MWCNTs) and modified MWCNTs (Mah-g-MWCNTs) reinforced with PMMA. Findings show a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs throughout the matrix for Mah-g-MWCNTs/PMMA composites, as revealed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The addition of both MWCNTs influenced the molecular arrangement of the PMMA matrix and also increased the dynamic mechanical properties of MWCNTs/PMMA composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage moduli (E′) of the Mah-g-MWCNTs/PMMA composites increased significantly comparing with P-MWCNTs/PMMA composites, attributed to improved interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. DMA studies revealed that adding 4.76 wt% Mah-g-MWCNTs into PMMA generates a 184% enhancement in the storage modulus and a 19 °C increase in Tg. However, adding 4.76 wt% P-MWCNTs into PMMA only generates 108% enhancement in the storage modulus and a 14 °C increase in Tg.     

多壁碳纳米管-有机蒙脱土协同增韧环氧树脂

采用机械搅拌和离心分散的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管-有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料。X射线衍射分析表明,当有机蒙脱土含量为2 wt%时, 蒙脱土在树脂体系中能够形成离散性结构。断裂韧性测试结果表明,多壁碳纳米管和有机蒙脱土的混杂对环氧树脂具有协同增韧的作用。当有机蒙脱土含量为2 wt%,多壁碳纳米管含量为0.1 wt%时,所得复合材料的断裂韧性是纯环氧树脂的1.77倍,是2 wt%有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料的1.45倍,是0.1 wt%多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的1.39倍。扫描电镜分析表明,多壁碳纳米管在环氧树脂体系中分散均匀,并与有机蒙脱土片层形成了一定程度的相互穿插和咬合,多壁碳纳米管与有机蒙脱土协同增韧的主要原因是微裂纹增韧、剪切屈服与纤维拔出。      

纳米TiO_2对复合固化环氧树脂胶粘剂的改性研究

通过添加具有活性的纳米TiO_2对异佛尔酮二胺(IPD)与酰胺基胺树脂作为复合固化剂的环氧胶粘剂体系进行改性,实验结果表明:随着纳米TiO_2的适量加入,环氧胶粘剂体系的物理性能得到很大改善,当纳米TiO_2的加入量达到6%(Wt)时,达到最佳值,与纯树脂体系相比,弯曲强度提高96%,弯曲模量提高38%,冲击强度提高180%.而此时的环氧复合胶粘剂体系的粘接性能也比纯树脂均有所提高,剪切强度提高39%、剥离强度提高28%,以及玻璃化温度提高6%.可见,纳米TiO_2的加入对环氧胶粘剂体系具有明显的增强作用.     

桐油酸酐固化环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

通过阳离子交换的方法将蒙脱土进行有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性且层间距扩大，采用浇模固化成型法制备环氧树脂／桐油酸酐／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并用XRD，DMTA等手段研究有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离行为，研究发现，加入桐油酸酐固化剂后，粘土被剥离而得到剥离型的纳米复合材料，而且工艺条件的变化并不明显改变剥离的效果，DMTA测试表明桐油酸酐固化的环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度随着粘土的加入而降低。     

TiO2/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的研究

以纳米TiO₂作为增强材料,制备纳米复合材料,研究了不同的纳米 TiO₂含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响,采用透射电镜对纳米 TiO₂粒子的分布进行了表征,采用正电子湮没技术(PALS),测试了自由体积的尺寸及浓度。结果表明,纳米粒子均匀分散于环氧树脂中,使环氧树脂的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、冲击强度得以提高;也使环氧树脂的自由体积尺寸增大。