A V-detector optimization algorithm

针对人工免疫系统中V-detector否定选择算法造成的检测器集合黑洞和检测器高重叠率等问题,借鉴生物免疫系统对免疫细胞的调节机制,提出了V-detector优化算法.该算法从父代产生候选检测器子代并通过检测器之间以及检测器与自体集合之间的亲和力对比更新检测器集合,使得检测器集合对非自体空间的覆盖更加合理.通过二维仿真实验和KDD CUP 99数据集实验测试,经优化后的检测器集合对非自体空间的覆盖性能有了显著提高,有效提高了系统的检测性能.     

水下无人航行器自主检测方法研究

自主检测技术是实现水下无人航行器(Underwater Unmanned Vehicle,UUV)智能化的关键技术,是无人航行器能够自主执行水下预警、目标跟踪等任务的前提。针对当前基于均值类和有序统计类恒虚惊(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)技术的自主检测方法在背景起伏严重、多目标情况下,背景噪声统计特性估计不准确、自主检测性能下降的问题,文章提出了一种基于方位-时间二维参考窗联合有序截断平均算法的自主检测方法。首先,该方法设计了一种方位-时间二维参考窗,解决了一维参考窗检测参考样本过少、噪声统计量估计不准的问题;其次,采用有序截断平均算法估计背景噪声统计量,对起伏背景进行均衡;最后,利用背景噪声均值和方差构造恒虚警检测器,采用检测前跟踪技术,实现起伏背景下、多目标自动检测与跟踪。湖上试验结果表明,在水下无人航行器的自噪声干扰下,该方法对多目标依然具有较好的自主检测效果。     

负选择算法在人工免疫系统中的应用

负选择算法是人工免疫系统中的核心算法之一,其性能对整个系统具有重要意义。负选择算法在选择过程中通常使用的是k连续位匹配规则,由于该匹配规则所固有的特殊性质,无法避免生成互相匹配的检测器。这些互相匹配的检测器在其覆盖空间(对非自体集合)存在非空交集,从而降低了负选择算法所产生的检测器的整体覆盖空间。本文为了避免负选择算法生成互相匹配的检测器,提出一种改进的负选择算法。与传统的负选择算法相比,该算法提高了成熟检测器的整体覆盖空间,使系统的检测能力有所提升。     

基于声传感阵列的地面标记信号增强方法（英文）

漏磁式管道内检测器广泛应用于长距离输油管道缺陷检测中,声学地面标记器作为管道外定位装置的重要组成部分,具有重要的研究价值.然而当管道埋地深度超过4 m时,由声学地面标记器采集到的管道内检测器与管道的摩擦声信号被噪声淹没,不能提取定位信息.为了解决摩擦声信号信噪比低的问题,提出采用声传感器阵列技术对摩擦声信号进行增强.根据管道内检测器与管壁摩擦声的特征,研究合适的时延估计方法,精确得到几路传感器的时延,再利用延迟-相加波束形成的方法抑制噪声,提高摩擦声的信噪比,增加基于摩擦声的地面标记方法的检测深度.为了验证声传感器阵列对管道内检测器摩擦声信号的增强效果,在河北廊坊中石化管道局的2.5 km长管道上进行多次现场实验,实验结果表明延迟-相加波束形成算法能够将摩擦声的信噪比提高了20 d B,并且有效的埋地管道检测深度可增至8 m.     

面向运动估计器硬件实现的加权块匹配检测算法

在各种视频处理算法中，运动补偿型算法大大提高了各种视频处理效果。运动估计器的硬件实现是各种运动补偿视频处理算法在实际系统中运用的关键。由于块匹配运动估计算法较低的运算复杂度和硬件实现难度以及块匹配检测标准函数很高的调用频率，已经广泛应用到各种实际系统中。文中提出了加权最小最大误差的匹配检测标准，能够降低运动估计器的运算复杂度，减少估计器的硬件面积，提高硬件速度，而且能够降低递归搜索块匹配运动估计算法固有误差传递带来的负面影响。     

基于多模型自适应技术的信道估计研究

提出了一种基于多模型自适应技术的信道估计方法.该方法通过设计动态信道模型库来覆盖未知信道的状态的改变,基于模型切换和动态规划(DP)进行模型变化检测及信道参数估计,从而在变化的信道环境中将有限个简单子集的估计算法有机地结合成一种在大信道范围内具有高度鲁棒性的信道估计器.仿真实验结果表明,此信道估计器比自适应信道估计器方法具有优势.     

基于免疫否定选择算法的机场航班延误状态检测与实现

把免疫算法中的否定选择算法运用到航班延误状态的诊断检测与预测中,将生物免疫系统机制与机场航班运行机制联系起来,建立了相应的自体集合、检测细胞、抗原信息及它们之间的匹配模型,给出了检测方法。首先根据机场航班运行数据生成航班检测的成熟检测器和记忆检测器,然后用否定选择算法和航班数据对检测器进行训练和改进,最后利用检测器中的信息对机场航班状态分段进行预测,获得每个时段的航班延误状况,为机场有关部门对航班延误应急处理提供决策支持。仿真实验表明,该方法能较准确地预测航班的延误状态,且实时性好。     

A joint iterative channel estimation and symbol detection algorithm for OFDM systems over time-varying channels

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中由于信道快时变导致的子载波间干扰(ICI),基于基扩展模型,提出了一种时变信道下OFDM系统联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法.该算法将基于基扩展模型的最小均方误差信道估计算法与一种类似于串行干扰抵消的符号检测方式相结合,并利用插值和滤波过程进一步消除噪声影响,进而通过联合迭代获得较为精确的符号检测结果.同时,利用带状矩阵近似降低算法的计算复杂度,在复杂度与算法性能之间取得比较好的折中.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在快时变信道条件下,这种新的联合迭代信道估计与符号检测算法可有效地提高系统性能.     

一种改进的频域自适应时延估计算法

时延估计问题在许多工程应用中具有重要的意义。本文提出了一种改进的频域自适应时延估计算法,该算法等效于频域自适应时延估计器和广义相位谱估计器的组合。用实测的直升机噪声数据进行仿真,验证了本文提出的算法具有较高的时延估计精度和收敛速度。     

种子检测器刺激-应答变异算法研究

为降低阴性选择算法(NSA)的时间复杂度,提出了一种应用种子个体连续位刺激变异的检测器生成策略:首先随机生成种子检测器集合,根据其与自体的亲和度选定变异个体和变异片段;其次在被选个体的特定基因片段发生刺激-应答变异(SRM),产生新的候选检测器个体;最后应用r位连续匹配准则筛选候选个体生成新的检测器.该策略的算法特点在于利用种子个体和自体集合的模式信息指导变异过程,降低候选检测器与自体的匹配成功率.实验表明,在保持高检测率的同时,种子检测器SRM算法比穷举算法、个体随机变异算法和检测器连续胞体超变异(CSH)算法的生成效率更高.     

一种基于DOA分布信息熵加权的线谱目标检测方法

针对常规宽带能量检测方法对低信噪比线谱目标检测性能较差的不足,文章在分析目标线谱波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计分布信息熵的基础上,提出一种基于DOA分布信息熵加权的线谱目标检测方法。通过仿真对比分析了该方法的检测性能,并利用海上实验数据验证了其有效性。结果表明,当目标方位较为稳定时,该方法可有效检测低信噪比线谱目标,并可适用存在多个同频线谱目标的情况。     

Multitaper scan-free spectrum estimation using a rotational shear interferometer

Multitaper methods for a scan-free spectrum estimation that uses a rotational shear interferometer are investigated. Before source spectra can be estimated the sources must be detected. A source detection algorithm based upon the multitaper F-test is proposed. The algorithm is simulated, with additive, white Gaussian detector noise. A source with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 0.71 is detected 2.9 degrees from a source with a SNR of 70.1, with a significance level of 10(-4), approximately 4 orders of magnitude more significant than the source detection obtained with a standard detection algorithm. Interpolation and the use of prewhitening filters are investigated in the context of rotational shear interferometer (RSI) source spectra estimation. Finally, a multitaper spectrum estimator is proposed, simulated, and compared with untapered estimates. The multitaper estimate is found via simulation to distinguish a spectral feature with a SNR of 1.6 near a large spectral feature. The SNR of 1.6 spectral feature is not distinguished by the untapered spectrum estimate. The findings are consistent with the strong capability of the multitaper estimate to reduce out-of-band spectral leakage.     

基于广义高斯噪声模型的低频线谱检测

研究浅海环境噪声中低频线谱的检测问题.首先对实测海洋环境噪声的统计特性进行分析,提出了应用广义高斯分布对海洋环境噪声建模方法.在此基础上,针对低频线谱检测问题,推导了广义高斯噪声场中的最大似然检测器和渐近检测器,给出了弱线谱条件下线谱频率的最大似然估计.最后,利用实测数据对三种检测器的线谱检测性能进行了验证,结果表明:...     

Range separation performance and optimal pulse-width prediction of a three-dimensional flash laser detection and ranging using the Cramer-Rao bound

This paper derives the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on range separation estimation of two point sources interrogated by a three-dimensional flash laser detection and ranging (LADAR) system. An unbiased range separation estimator is also derived to compare against the bound. Additionally, the CRB can be expressed as a function of two LADAR design parameters (range sampling and transmitted pulse width), which can be selected in order to optimize the expected range resolution between two point sources. Given several range sampling capabilities, the CRB and simulation show agreement that there is an optimal pulse width where a shorter pulse width would increase estimation variance due to undersampling of the pulse and a longer pulse width would degrade the resolving capability. Finally, the optimal pulse-width concept is extended to more complex targets and a normalized pulse definition.     

Far-end crosstalk identification method based on channel training sequences

Far-end crosstalk identification results to improved frequency spectrum utilization in asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) systems. The accurate determination of the crosstalk coupling function is a demanding task that is affected by various system impairments. In this paper, we present a new real-time method that exploits the exchange of signaling information between the modems of a new activated ADSL line in order to determine the crosstalk function between this line and any other active line in the binder. Each remote modem subtracts the decoded data from the received signal, decreases the noise effect of the previously identified crosstalkers, is synchronized to the disturber's timing and then applies a least-squares estimator for identifying the new crosstalk coupling function. The method is used along with a maximum margin bit-loading algorithm in order to provide the best possible estimation results. The estimated crosstalk coupling functions, the transfer function of each line and the noise measurements can be exploited by a centralized bit-loading algorithm for maximizing the total system performance in terms of maximum achievable data rate and/or bit error rate.     

非高斯水声瞬态信号双通道Power-Law检测

根据水声瞬态信号的特点,在分析能量检测和高阶谱检测的特性基础上,研究了基于能量检测和基于高阶谱的Power-Law检测方法,将上述两种检测器联合构成一种双通道Power-Law检测器,更好地利用了水声瞬态信号中的统计信息。通过计算机仿真试验,证明了该检测器的有效性,它能在更大程度上适应复杂水声环境变化的要求,改善和提高水声瞬态信号的检测性能。     

超波束处理在被动声纳频谱分析中的应用

超波束技术(HBF)作为一种新的高分辨力波束形成方法,在阵列尺寸一定的条件下,能够同时降低主波束宽度和旁瓣,从而提高目标检测能力和定位精度.但超波束输出丢失了信号相位信息,无法进行侦听和频谱分析等后置处理.对常规HBF进行了改进,利用HBF输出对常规的波束形成(CBF)进行加权,在保证高分辨力和低旁瓣的同时,又保留了波...     

谱校正技术在水下信号波达方向估计中的应用

针对具有不稳定强线谱特征的水下目标,提出了一种基于目标线谱校正技术的信号波达方向估计(Direction of Arrival,DOA)方法,该方法结合矩形窗谱校正技术和全相位修正方法对目标线谱参数进行估计,从而计算目标方位.对该技术进行了仿真研究,并应用于实际水下目标线谱方位估计和单频脉冲波(Cw波)的DOA估计中....     

Fisher information and surrogate figures of merit for the task-based assessment of image quality

Fisher information can be used as a surrogate for task-based measures of image quality based on ideal observer performance. A new and improved derivation of the Fisher information approximation for ideal-observer detectability is provided. This approximation depends only on the presence of a weak signal and does not depend on Gaussian statistical assumptions. This is also not an asymptotic result and therefore applies to imaging, where there is typically only one dataset, albeit a large one. Applications to statistical mixture models for image data are presented. For Gaussian and Poisson mixture models the results are used to connect reconstruction error with ideal-observer detection performance. When the task is the estimation of signal parameters of a weak signal, the ensemble mean squared error of the posterior mean estimator can also be expanded in powers of the signal amplitude. There is no linear term in this expansion, and it is shown that the quadratic term involves a Fisher information kernel that generalizes the standard Fisher information. Applications to imaging mixture models reveal a close connection between ideal performance on these estimation tasks and detection tasks for the same signals. Finally, for tasks that combine detection and estimation, we may also define a detectability that measures performance on this combined task and an ideal observer that maximizes this detectability. This detectability may also be expanded in powers of the signal amplitude, and the quadratic term again involves the Fisher information kernel. Applications of this approximation to imaging mixture models show a relation with the pure detection and pure estimation tasks for the same signals.     

DIFAR浮标反正切目标方位估计方法

DIFAR浮标是一种被动定向声纳浮标,广泛应用于目标的初始定位。它由一个全向水听器和一对正交偶极子组成。正交偶极子提供的指向性信息使其可以对目标进行方位估计。介绍了DIFAR浮标利用反正切方法对目标进行方位估计的方法。采用自适应线谱增强技术提高DIFAR浮标信号的信噪比。用反正切法估计目标的方位。给出了用LOFAR谱图和B-Scan图显示DIFAR浮标数据的方法。并给出了方位估计误差的解析表达。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比下利用该方法得到的角度的方差小,满足DIFAR浮标的要求,提高了浮标的定位精度。