基于离散混沌化方法的线谱控制技术研究

船舶辐射水声中的线谱成分是被动声纳在水声对抗中检测、跟踪和识别目标的主要特征信号,对线谱成分进行控制能有效提高船舶的水声隐声性能。传统的隔振方法无法改变隔振系统的线谱成份,利用反馈混沌化控制原理,采用时变反馈参数的离散混沌化方法,通过调整和优化控制器参数,使隔振系统在谐波激励下能够产生稳定的混沌,改变通过隔振系统输入到船体的频谱结构,从而改变船舶辐射水声的频谱结构,并降低辐射水声中的线谱成分,达到有效降低辐射水声线谱成分的目的。     

柔性基础混沌化线谱控制技术研究

船舶辐射水声中的线谱成分是被动声纳在水声对抗中检测、跟踪和识别目标的主要特征信号,对线谱成分进行控制能有效提高船舶的水声隐声性能。传统的隔振方法无法改变隔振系统的线谱成份,利用反馈混沌化控制原理,采用时变反馈参数的离散混沌化方法,通过调整和优化控制器参数,使基于柔性基础的隔振系统在谐波激励下能够产生稳定的混沌,改变通过隔振系统输入到船体的频谱结构,从而改变船舶辐射水声的频谱结构,并降低辐射水声中的线谱成分,达到有效降低辐射水声线谱成分的目的。     

基于反馈混沌化方法的多线谱控制技术研究

船舶辐射水声中的线谱成分是被动声纳在水声对抗中检测、跟踪和识别目标的主要特征信号,混沌线谱控制技术利用混沌系统响应功率谱为宽频谱的特殊性质,把集中于某一频率的能量分散到较宽的频带上来抑制线谱成分,提高船舶的声隐身性能。利用反馈混沌化理论,对多谐波激励条件下隔振系统的混沌化进行了研究,提出了多谐波激励多自由度隔振系统的反馈混沌化方法,掌握了隔振系统进入混沌的条件和途径,突破了激励频率增加引起隔振系统混沌运动难以保持的技术难题。根据反馈混沌化原理设计了双层隔振系统试验装置,开展了隔振系统多线谱控制试验研究,试验结果证明了该方法的有效性,可作为混沌隔振系统设计的理论和试验依据。     

混沌同步控制策略构造方法研究

水下辐射噪声中的低频线谱是影响潜艇声隐身性能的主要因素,线谱混沌化控制技术通过处于混沌状态的非线性隔振系统将低频线谱转换为宽频混沌谱,可以实现频谱重构并降低线谱强度。前期研究表明,利用广义混沌同步方法可以实现变工况下隔振系统的持续混沌化,在某些情况下还能显著减小振幅,为线谱混沌化控制理论提供了新思路。然而,目前要利用广义混沌同步产生小振幅的持续混沌运动,只能通过"试错"来选择合适的混沌同步控制策略,还没有形成系统的方法。为此,提出了一种混沌同步控制策略构造方法。结合耦合Duffing隔振系统对该构造方法进行验证和说明,并将该方法应用于两自由度非线性隔振系统。     

基于滑模控制投影混沌同步在隔振系统中的应用研究

线谱是潜艇辐射噪声谱中最显著的特征,即使在潜艇以低速航行,产生最低的噪声辐射的情况下也可以探测到。利用混沌的宽频特性来降低潜艇辐射噪声线谱,提高其隐身能力已被广泛研究,但由于混沌的内在不确定特性,当系统处于混沌状态时,整体隔振性能不能得到保证。提出应用滑模变结构控制实现隔振系统和混沌系统投影同步的新方法,在保持原有隔振系统隔振性能的前提下有效的消除了线谱。该方法不用计算Lyapunov指数,且对参数失配具有很强的鲁棒性。通过对两自由度隔振系统和Duffing方程的数值仿真,验证了该方法可成功消除线谱且明显改善隔振系统的隔振性能。     

线谱激励的混沌隔振研究

一般的线性被动隔振系统因具有频率保持性而不能彻底隔离线谱激励，而对于非线性隔振系统则可能改变系统的频谱结构，特别是处于混沌状态时它的频谱是连续的宽频特性以消除或减弱特征线谱进行了研究。结果表明混沌隔振不仅对线谱有较好的隔离效果，而且整体隔振性能也比较好。     

基于跟踪混沌化方法的线谱控制技术研究

船舶辐射水声中的线谱成分是被动声纳在水声对抗中检测、跟踪和识别目标的主要特征信号,混沌隔振技术利用隔振系统处于混沌状态时其响应功率谱呈连续谱这一特征来抑制动力机械对艇体的线谱激励。针对目前混沌隔振技术在工程实际应用中存在如何在小振幅条件下实现持续混沌运动的难题,提出了利用跟踪控制使隔振系统混沌化方法,抑制辐射水声中的线谱成分,同时解决了跟踪目标建立的难题,试验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于碰撞振动的隔振系统混沌化实验研究

针对混沌线谱控制研究中如何在小振幅下实现隔振系统在较宽频带内的混沌运动这一难题,提出了基于碰撞振动的隔振系统混沌化方法,构建了实验系统并开展了实验研究。实验结果表明:被隔振设备的振幅小于0.2 mm时,也能使得隔振系统呈现出较强的混沌运动特征;在混沌状态下,不仅传递到基座的振动功率谱整体有所下降,而且主要线谱强度也显著降低;这些结论均验证了该方法的有效性。     

非线性隔振系统混沌特性实验研究

本文设计建立了混沌特性实验装置，对以钢片弹簧为隔离元件的非线性隔振系统进行了实验研究，验证非线性隔振系统处于混沌状态时具有很好的隔振效果并且能有效地隔离结构噪声中的线谱成分，实验得出了非线性隔振系统的混沌特性区域以及其在混沌状态下的整体和对线谱的隔离效果。     

两自由度非线性隔振系统线谱混沌化控制技术研究

线谱混沌化是提高潜艇声隐身性能的主要手段,但难以实现小振幅下的持续混沌化;同时,非线性隔振系统由于多个吸引子共存,混沌化品质依赖于初始条件和系统参数。为此,利用开环加非线性闭环方法研究两自由度非线性隔振系统的吸引子迁移和线谱混沌化。建立两自由度非线性隔振系统的动力学方程并分析其全局性态,得到系统的全局分岔特性及吸引子共存规律;通过开环加非线性闭环方法实现不同吸引子之间的迁移控制,使系统在不同初始条件下始终运行于基础振动最小的混沌吸引子上;利用开环加非线性闭环耦合方法实现驱动系统和响应系统之间的广义混沌同步,使系统在不同参数下始终处于小振幅持续混沌运动。仿真结果表明该方法具有可行性和稳定性,能实现隐匿线谱信息和保持隔振性能的双重功能。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.