加油车液压系统的分析

加油车是用于为汽车、坦克和装甲车辆加油的专用车，本文对加油车的组成和工作要求进行了简介，对加油车液压系统进行了详细分析。     

电动拖拉机液压悬挂系统设计与仿真研究北大核心

为解决电动拖拉机电动悬挂系统响应速度较慢、提升力不足和故障率高等问题,设计一种电动拖拉机液压悬挂系统方案。根据电动拖拉机作业特性,选择驱动电机与负载敏感泵组成液压悬挂系统驱动单元,设计了阀前补偿与三位四通电液比例换向阀组成的液压系统方案,该方案具有结构简单、功率损耗小等优点。利用AMESim软件建立电动拖拉机悬挂液压系统主要元件和系统模型,对其工作性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:所设计电动拖拉机液压悬挂系统具有较好响应性和稳定性,可满足电动拖拉机犁耕等作业要求。     

自动上粕机液压系统设计

介绍自动上粕机液压系统的主要功能和设计原理。在分析自动上粕机液压系统动作和功能的基础上,提出该液压系统的设计方案,详细阐述了液压系统回路设计过程以及工作原理。经实践测试:该液压系统工作运行平稳,各项性能可满足自动上粕机作业需求,具有良好的市场应用前景。     

自走式田间甘蔗收集搬运车液压系统的设计

针对自走式田间甘蔗收集搬运车的驱动要求,设计一种液压系统,包括转运车厢升降液压系统、转运车厢翻转液压系统和转运车支腿调平液压驱动系统。利用AMESim软件建立液压系统模型,得到甘蔗转运车液压系统各执行元件的输出特性曲线。仿真与试验结果表明：利用所设计的系统,支腿、升降、倾倒液压缸运行平稳,输出参数稳定,表明该液压系统能够满足甘蔗转运作业使用要求。     

联合收割机收割分离液压系统的性能监控研究

鉴于联合收割机作业工作部件较多以及故障率高等特点,对联合收割机割台、螺旋输送器、脱粒滚筒等收割分离液压部件进行工作性能监控研究。基于联合收割机的工作过程,概述了联合收割机收割分离液压系统的工作原理。设计了收割分离液压系统的监控方案、控制面板和控制器架构,研究了收割分离液压系统的控制方案;基于LabVIEW软件设计了监控界面,并通过田间试验验证了该性能监控系统的可行性。结果表明:所设计的性能监控系统能在联合收割机田间作业过程中正常运行,可靠性高,满足田间使用需求。     

采棉机动力换挡液压行走系统设计与仿真研究

为解决采棉机传统传动方式在采摘过程中容易出现发动机与传动部件的扭矩不匹配,变速过程繁琐、换挡挫顿等缺点,无法完全适应棉花采摘的复杂作业环境等问题,根据采棉机的作业要求,设计了动力换挡液压行走系统。运用AMESim仿真软件验证了采棉机动力换挡液压行走系统的合理性。仿真结果表明：所设计的自动控制模式采棉机动力换挡液压行走系统在换挡时比手动切换模式系统中的压力波动小,流量波动冲击减小43.56%,车速加速时间缩短47.74%,换挡后压力及流量快速稳定,在作业、运输模式换挡时无明显换挡冲击,可满足采棉机的作业要求。     

基于AMESim和MATLAB的隧道多功能台车联动调平回路仿真分析

对隧道多功能作业台车液压系统的联动调平回路进行设计。从调平油缸的运动特性和联动调平问题角度出发,分析隧道多功能作业台车液压系统的联动调平回路可行性。并利用AMESim和MATLAB软件建立仿真模型进行联合仿真。根据仿真数据,所设计的回路能够满足实际工况要求。     

海水液压水下作业工具系统的仿真研究

本文采用功率键合图建立了海水液压水下作业工具系统的数字模型，并进行了数字仿真，根据仿真结果着重分析了高压软管长度与打磨器砂轮直径等因素对系统动态特性的影响，为海水液压水下作业工具系统的设计与研制奠定了一定的理论基础。     

采煤机牵引部液压系统设计

牵引部液压系统作为采煤机的重要组成部分,其性能的好坏不仅影响采煤机牵引部的使用寿命,更关系到采煤机的工作效果,影响采煤机的作业效率。完成了牵引部液压系统的设计,绘制了系统原理图,并从高压保护、超速与差速防滑保护、低压欠压保护和过零保护4个方面完成了对牵引部液压系统的保护设计,在分析、计算的基础上,确定了液压系统主要元器件的参数,并完成了元器件的选型,为采煤机牵引部液压系统设计提供了技术依据。     

深潜型海水液压动力系统的研究

以海水直接作为工作介质的海水液压传动在深海应用具有系统简单、维护方便等突出优势.研制一种深潜型海水液压动力系统,该系统由深潜电机驱动,压力10～14 MPa,输出流量30 L/min,设计工作深度4 000 m,该动力系统可用于驱动海水液压水下作业工具.介绍该系统的组成、工作原理、重要参数的选择和确定以及关键元器件的研制、水下漏电保护、污染控制等关键技术问题.目前,该系统已交付现场使用,试验表明,该系统很好地满足了海水液压水下作业工具的要求.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis