Effect of temperature field on types and distribution of reinforcing phases in “in-situ” weld-alloying/PAW of SiC_p/6061Al

Based on theories of heat transfer,physical metallurgy and hydro-mechanical,in order to analyze the effect of welding parameters on species and distribution of reinforcing phases visually and legibly,finite element software ANSYS was used to simulate transient temperature field for SiC_p/AI in“in-situ”weld-alloying/plasma arc welding.The results show that the calculated results approximately agreed with the experimental measured results.So the model is basically correct and credible.Based on the numerical solutions and experimental results,effect of temperature field in different welding process parameters(welding current,welding velocity)on species and distribution of reinforcing phases is analyzed.The results show that adjusting and optimizing temperature field appropriately is an effective method to obtain welded joint with better microstructure and property.     

Three dimensional numerical simulation of welding temperature fields in stainless steel

Three kinds of mathematical models representing welding heat sources are presented. Among them, Gaussian model and double eUipsoidal model are used to analyze the thermal distributions with finite element method. At the same time, this paper analyzed the influences of the heat source models, the latent heat and the welding parameters on the temperature distributions. The comparisons between the simulated results and the experiments show double eUipsoidal model is good for three-dimensional numerical simulations. Furthermore, the adaptive mesh technique is applied in the three-dimeusional model which greatly reduces the number of nodes and elements in the simulation.     

Effect of temperature field on types and distribution of reinforcing phases in ＂in-situ＂ weld-alloying/PAW of SiCp/6061AI

Based on theories of heat transfer, physical metallurgy and hydro-mechanical, in order to analyze the effect of welding parameters on species and distribution of reinforcing phases visually and legibly,finite element software ANSYS was used to simulate transient temperature field for SiCp/AI in ＂in-situ＂ weld-alloying/plasma arc welding. The results show that the calculated results approximately agreed with the experimental measured results. So the model is basically correct and credible., Based on the numerical solutions and experimental results, effect of temperature field in different welding process parameters（welding current, welding velocity） on species and distribution of reinforcing phases is analyzed. The results show that adjusting and optimizing temperature field appropriately is an effective method to obtain welded joint with better microstructure and property.     

Experiment and finite element method analysis mass erosion and transfer of Ag/La2NiO4-based electrical contacts during operation

A uniform transient temperature field model of electrical contacts operation was found by analyzing the process of closing arc → constriction resistance Joule heat → breaking arc. Essential parameters of Ag/La2NiO4 electrical contact material for transient temperature field calculation were obtained through tests of electrical contact experimental instrument under 18 V DC in different currents, other correlation experiments, and calculation analysis. The finite element method was applied to solve the transient temperature field, and the features and distribution of the transient temperature field were obtained. The condition of material erosion and mass transfer can be forecasted by those calculation results. It is beneficial to research about the lifetime of Ag/La2 NiO4 electrical material.     

Finite element simulation of three-dimensional temperature field in underwater welding

Mathematical models of three-dimensional temperature fields in underwater welding with moving heat sources are built. Double ellipsoid Gauss model is proposed as heat sources models. Several factors which affect the temperature fields of underwater welding are analyzed. Water has little influence on thermal efftciency. Water convection coefftcient varies with the temperature difference between the water and the workpiece , and water convection makes molten pool freeze quickly. With the increase of water depth, the dimensions of heat sources model should be reduced as arc shrinks. Finite element technology is used to solve mathematical models. ANSYS software is used as finite element tool, and ANSYS Parametric Design Language is used to develop subprograms for loading the moving heat sources and the various convection coefftcients. Experiment results show that computational results by using double ellipsoid Gauss heat sources model accord well with the experimental results.     

A 2-D FINITE ELEMENT MODEL SIMULATION OF THE MELTING PROCESS OF AI-Ti ALLOY IN VACUUM INDUCTION FURNACE WITH COLD CRUCIBLE （VIFCC）

The development of a numerical model for the melting process of AI-Ti alloy target material in vacuum induction furnace with cold crucible (VIFCC) was described. It is a two-dimensional computational methodology to calculate electromagnetic field, heat transfer field and fluid flow field . Based on the aid of the finite element method with the commercial software--ANSYS, a superimposition method of a layer of copper and a slit to simulate the VIFCC melting process was used. The method was effective to save large quantity of memory and computing time. Meanwhile, a temperature distribution profile during the melting process was obtained. Validity of the model was confirmed by comparison between the result from calculation and those from direct measurement by optical pyrometer and indirect investigation by ingot macrostructure. A relatively good agreement was found. Further, a nearly directional solidification structure was obtained under properly controlling the cooling rate and heating power. Therefore. such model developed in this article is feasible.     

FEM Simulation of the Hydrogen Diffusion in X80 Pipeline Steel During Stacking for Slow Cooling

The influence of temperature on the hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel during stacking for slow cooling was studied using electrochemical penetration method, the temperature field and the hydrogen diffusion in this pipeline steel during stacking for slow cooling were simulated by ABAQUS finite element method(FEM) software. The results show that in this process there is a reciprocal relationship between the natural logarithm of hydrogen diffusion coefficient and temperature. The cooling rate decreases gradually with the increase of steel plate thickness. The hydrogen content is higher at high temperature(500–400 °C) than that in low temperature region(300–100 °C). The FEM simulation results are consistent with the experimental ones, and the model can be used to predict the hydrogen diffusion behavior in industrial production of X80 pipeline steel.     

A STUDY OF B-P UNIFIED VISCOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL

By combining the Bodner-Partom constitutive model and equivalent stress function, finite element methods and program on analyzing non-elastic deformation and stress for thermal viscoplastic material are studied in this paper, and it's the first time that this material model is used in a kind of engineering software-MARC. Thermal viscoplastic behavior of high temperature alloy GH536 specimen with gap is analyzed by this program. The research results show it is feasible to analyze thermal viscoplastic behavior of specimen or structure by applying B-P model.     

Prediction of Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing in Pulsed Laser Surface Melted Single Crystal Superalloy

Primary dendritic arm spacing(PDAS) is an important microstructure feature of the nickel-base single crystal superalloys.In this paper,a numerical model predicting the PDAS evolution with additive manufacturing parameters using pulsed laser is established,which combines the theoretical PDAS models with the temperature field calculation model during pulsed laser process.Based on this model,processing maps that related process parameters to the evolution of PDAS are generated.To obtain more accurate prediction model,the parameters of different solidification conditions,■ and ■,are selected to calculate PDAS.The simulation results show that the PDAS increases as the arise of P and t.The processmgPDAS map can accurately predict the evolution of PDAS with pulsed laser process parameters,which is well in accordance with the experimental results.Additionally,the PDAS values calculated by the ■ are more in line with the experimental results than those calculated by the ■.     

Numerical simulation of temperature field during selective laser sintering of polymer-coated molybdenum powder

The technology of length-alterable line-scanning laser sintering was introduced. Based on the research of laser heating property, powder thermal physics parameters and laser sintering process, a numerical model of the temperature field during length-alterable line-scanning and laser sintering of polymer-coated molybdenum powder was presented. Finite element method （FEM） was used to simulate the temperature field during laser sintering process. In order to verify the simulated results, a measuring system was developed to study the laser sintering temperature field. Infrared meter was introduced to measure the surface temperature of sintering powder; the temperature of its inside part was measured by thermocouple. The measured results were compared with the numerical simulation results; the conformity between them is good and the relative error is less than 5%.     

不锈钢真空电子束钎焊工艺

探讨了在BNi-2钎料和锰基7#合金两种钎料的不锈钢真空电子束钎焊过程中，真空电子束钎焊工艺参数对钎料润湿性和试板温度场的影响作用。通过金相分析、扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析等手段，研究了BNi-2钎料钎焊不锈钢时的接头组织。     

真空电子束钎焊工艺研究

探讨了真空电子束钎焊中,电子束束流、聚焦电流、加热时间等电子束钎焊工艺参数对钎料润湿性的影响及其规律,以及不同的电子束钎焊工艺参数对试件最高温度、加热速度、高温停留时间等温度场有关参数的影响作用。通过金相分析、扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析等手段,研究了BNi-2钎料钎焊不锈钢时的接头组织。     

蓝宝石/4J33合金钎焊接头残余应力的数值模拟分析

采用有限元法和弹塑性理论,结合ANSYS15.0软件,对使用Ag-Cu-Ti8为钎料的蓝宝石/4J33合金活性钎焊接头的温度场和应力场进行了数值仿真模拟. 温度场分析得到钎焊接头不同位置降温的快慢情况,应力场分析得到蓝宝石内最大拉应力位于外侧端面,为538 MPa,并向界面延伸,通过实际拉伸试验得出接头断裂部位与模拟结果吻合,当钎料层厚度为150 μm时,径向残余应力最小,因而可以选择适当的钎缝层厚度以减少残余应力,文中的模拟计算结果能有效指导蓝宝石/4J33合金活性钎焊工艺,有利于保证实际接头强度和可靠性.     

镀锌板激光钎焊温度场的数值模拟

以镀锌钢板为母材，以CuSi3焊丝为钎料，进行了单、双光束激光钎焊实验．在分析单、双光束激光填丝钎焊传热行为的基础上，采用有限元方法对激光钎焊温度场进行了数值模拟，提出了激光填丝钎焊热源模型．采用体热源来模拟熔化钎料铺展流动引起的传热，模型考虑了热物性参数随温度的变化带来的非线性影响以及潜热、辐射和对流对传热的影响．对典型激光钎焊工艺参数下的温度场进行计算，结果表明：单光束激光钎焊有较高的温度梯度，而2mm焦点间距的双光束钎焊接头峰值温度和温度梯度低，高温区域宽，更适合于获得良好的钎焊接头．     

电触点感应钎焊及控制

本文求解了适用于电触点感应钎焊的电磁场及热场耦合方程,获得了二维电触点感应钎焊的理论解,并建立了电触点感应钎焊的有限元模型,二者对比分析,验证了有限元方法分析电触点感应钎焊的可行性。数值结果表明：焊接区域的温度在靠近电触点边界的位置最高,越靠近电触点中心位置的温度越低。线圈增加铁氧体后,电触点中心位置与电触点边界位置的焊膏熔化情况更为接近,一定程度上改善了焊接面温度的不均匀分布。另外,线圈改进前后,焊接时间均随着焊接电流的增大而减少。相同焊接电流参数下,使用了缠绕有铁氧体的感应线圈只需花费更少的时间就可达到所需温升,这大大提高了电触点组件的焊接效率。因此,我们可通过在感应线圈中间增加铁氧体来改善感应钎焊温度不均匀分布,以及缩短焊接时间,从而提高电触头感应钎焊的焊接质量和焊接效率,这对电触点材料的焊接有一定的指导意义。     

玻璃与金属真空钎焊接头残余应力影响参数分析

玻璃和金属焊接接头由于设计不合理,将致使接头存在较大的焊接残余应力,会严重削弱接头强度.应用顺次耦合有限元热应力计算方法,对平板玻璃和金属在真空条件下的钎焊过程进行了数值模拟,分析了玻璃、金属、钎料厚度、钎焊压力和钎焊温度等因素对应力集中区域残余应力的影响,并观察了焊接接头拉伸断裂后的形貌特征.结果表明,金属厚度增加会增大残余应力,并且其对残余应力影响最显著;钎焊压力和钎焊温度的增加可以降低残余应力;玻璃和钎料厚度对残余应力的影响不大;焊接接头的拉伸断裂区域位于玻璃和金属焊接接头界面贴近玻璃一侧.     

计算机技术在钎焊领域的应用

随着钎焊技术的发展,研究领域和工程领域已经积累了庞大的钎焊数据,对钎焊数据进行总结和管理将会进一步促进钎焊技术的发展,相比于传统的工艺开发,专家系统的运用使钎焊工艺信息得到了更高效的利用,在工艺研究阶段可以减少试验次数,节约开发成本,并缩短开发周期;同时,在开发钎焊工艺时,对钎焊接头残余应力场进行有限元分析可以有效地预测裂纹发生位置,最终有针对性地对钎焊工艺进行评估和改进;另外,在接头服役过程的性能评估方面利用有限元对应力状态进行模拟结合相关实验,可以较实际地模拟出真实工况下接头的应力状态与形变过程,最终对钎焊工艺的开发提出指导意见。     

0Cr17Ni12Mo2板真空钎焊工艺研究

探讨了真空钎焊0Cr17Ni2Mo2板工艺,分析了工件的加热温度,保温时间和真空度对钎焊接头质量的影响及其规律,优化了新型材料不锈钢0Cr17Ni2Mo2板的钎焊工艺,提出的钎焊工艺参数对生产具有重要的参考价值。     

移动式平板感应加热磁热耦合的数值模拟

以电磁场和温度场有限元分析为基础,建立了板型工件有限元分析模型,运用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS的耦合计算流程,对实际的工件感应淬火过程进行仿真。仿真过程中考虑了工件物理性能参数随温度变化的情况,从温升、功率等多方面对计算结果进行了分析和验证,证明了该耦合计算方法对于指导板型移动式感应加热过程有一定的指导意义。     

2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊初始温度场数值模拟与分析

搅拌摩擦焊下压过程中温度场的建立对工件的焊接质量有重要的影响。在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中,搅拌工具与焊接工件的摩擦接触关系及焊接工艺参数的选取,决定了焊接过程中工件的温度场分布。基于修正的库仑摩擦定律,建立了火箭燃料贮箱所用3 mm厚2024铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊接下压过程的热量输入模型,通过有限元分析得到了整个过程中的温度场分布。分析结果表明,该模型的下压阶段温度场计算精度较高。模型的计算结果对指导铝合金焊接初始下压过程中转速、下压速度及顶锻力的大小等焊接工艺参数的选取具有重要意义。