搅拌摩擦加工制备Al-Ti金属间化合物

以纯铝为基材,Ti粉为合金化添加粉末.利用搅拌摩擦加工方法制备Al-Ti金属间化合物.利用光学显微镜和X射线衍射分析了材料的微观组织和相组成,并测试了合金化区域的显微硬度.结果表明:通过搅拌摩擦加工技术可以制备出Al3Ti金属间化合物,但材料中各部分化合物成分不均匀;合金化后的化合物晶粒尺寸细小,几乎达到微米级;生成化合物处的显微硬度达到65HV.     

激光合金化对AZ91D镁合金力学性能的影响

在AZ91D镁合金表面预置A1粉,采用5 kW横流CO2激光器对其进行合金化处理.采用电子探针对合金化层的元素分布进行分析.使用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金化层进行微观分析,测试涂层的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:合金化层主要由α-Mg和B-Mg17Al12组成;合金化层的磨损性能与基体相比有了较大提高.     

工艺参数对原位生成TiN/Ti3Al复合涂层微观组织的影响

采用等离子喷涂与激光渗氮技术相结合的工艺方法,在Ti6Al4V合金表面实现了TiN/Ti3Al金属间化合物复合涂层的快速制备.首先在Ti6Al4V基体表面利用等离子喷涂的方法预置一层纯铝涂层;然后在纯氮环境下,利用激光渗氮化技术对试样表面进行合金化处理.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等试验手段,研究了氮气流量以及激光扫描速度两个激光渗氮工艺参数对TiN/Ti3Al金属间化合物复合涂层的微观组织的影响.结果表明,复合涂层中TiN相的含量随着氮气流量的增加与激光扫描速度的减小而增加.工艺参数对涂层中TiN增强相的形貌有着重要影响.在高氮气流量、低激光扫描速度条件下制备出的涂层中,TiN相呈颗粒状.对于低氮气流量、高激光扫描速度条件下,TiN增强相呈树枝状.     

用热塑性挤压合金化法制备钛铝系金属间化合物

本文以工业纯铝为基材、Ti粉为合金化添加粉末,试验用热塑性挤压合金化的方法制得钛铝金属间化合物.对热塑性挤压合金化制备Ti-Al金属间化合物进行了工艺研究,利用X射线衍射仪及Topas(2)X射线分析软件进行物相及晶粒尺寸分析,用金相显微镜对试样进行宏观及微观形貌分析,用显微硬度计对试样进行显微硬度测试.结果表明用热塑性挤压合金化方法可制得Ti-Al系金属间化合物;生成的金属间化合物相为Al3Ti,均匀分布于基体纯铝上,其质量百分比达44.5%;热塑性挤压合金化后挤压区硬度显著高于基材纯铝,最高达10倍;在整个挤压区,硬度分布比较均匀.     

MA-SPS制备Ti3SiC2金属陶瓷

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结技术制备了高纯Ti3SiC2金属陶瓷,并研究了微量Al对Ti3SiC2的机械合金化合成和随后的烧结过程的影响。结果表明,机械合金化Ti、Si、C混合粉体,可合成TiC、Ti3SiC混合粉体。添加适量的Al可以明显提高机械合金化及随后的放电等离子烧结产物中Ti3SiC2的含量,显著降低高纯Ti3SiC2的烧结合成温度。原料成分为3Ti/Si/2C/0.2Al的混合粉体经机械合金化10h,经850℃放电等离子烧结可获得高达96.5wt%的Ti3SiC2块体,烧结温度提高到1100℃,可获得纯度为99.3wt%、相对密度高达98.9%的Ti3SiC2致密块体。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面离子铌合金化及其耐磨性能研究

采用双辉离子渗技术对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面渗Nb,利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学测试系统研究钛合金表面离子渗Nb合金化层的形态、结构、力学性能、摩擦学性能和电化学腐蚀性能,并探讨渗Nb改性处理对钛合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀磨损行为的影响.结果表明,渗Nb工艺参数对合金化层的形态、结构和性能影响显著,高浓度渗Nb合金化改性层表现出良好的强化效果,显著地改善了Ti6Al4V合金的抗大气环境和抗NaCl溶液腐蚀磨损性能.Ti6Al4V合金基材和渗Nb层的耐磨性能在NaCl溶液中优于大气环境,其原因归于溶液的润滑作用和试样的良好耐腐蚀性能.     

强流脉冲电子束表面合金化的涂层厚度优化模拟

通过建立三维温度场模型,利用数值模拟方法,模拟316L钢表面进行Ti和Al合金化的温度场分布,分析Ti、Al涂层厚度以及电子束能量密度对合金化的影响。结果表明,在能量密度为6 J/cm2电子束的一次脉冲处理下,316L钢表面合金化Ti的优化涂层厚度为1.1μm,表面合金化Al的优化涂层厚度为2μm。     

钛合金表面MoS2/TiN复合涂层的摩擦性能研究

采用复合处理的工艺方法,在Ti-6Al—4V合金表面制备复合涂层。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪分析复合涂层表面相结构、表面及截面微观形貌和沿截面各元素分布状态。对不同处理后的截面硬度梯度进行了分析比较,在MM-200磨损实验机上测定了复合涂层的摩擦性能。结果显示,复合涂层是由单质的Ti,Mo和MoS2,TiN以及过渡层组成,在干摩擦、纯滑动的条件下摩擦性能优良。     

热处理对旋转挤压Al-Ti金属间化合物结构的影响

采用旋转挤压合金化方法制备出Al-Ti金属间化合物,通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对旋转挤压合金化过程中的Al-Ti化合物结构演变及热处理对合金化组织结构的影响等进行分析.结果表明:经旋转挤压后,块体主要由Al3-Ti、Al5Ti2以及基体单相构成,晶粒尺寸达到微米级;热处理导致诸多衍射峰强度低的亚稳态相出现,当温度升高至550℃,则Al3Ti化合相的衍射峰相当明显.在给定温度下,当保温时间延长至7h后,过渡相AlTi2基本消失,全部为亚稳相Al3Ti,挤压块的晶粒尺寸增大,但仍在微米尺度范围.     

原位TiB2/Fe3Al基纳米复合材料的合成及其晶粒生长动力学(Ⅰ)--Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体的机械合金化

研究了机械合金化过程中Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体的结构演变,讨论了其合金化机制.研究表明,Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体的机械合金化通过Al、Ti、B原子向Fe晶格中扩散形成Fe（Al,Ti,B）过饱和固溶体.在机械合金化的早期（＜10h）,形成包覆结构的复合颗粒,合金化尚未进行.在机械合金化的中期（10-60h）,首先形成具有几个同心圆环结构的复合颗粒,然后环状结构消失,同时Fe（Al,Ti,B）晶格常数迅速增加,但成分均匀化过程缓慢.在机械合金化的后期（60-80h）,主要发生复合颗粒内部的成分均匀化过程,球磨80h后,复合颗粒内部各组元的成分已经非常均匀.Fe（Al,Ti,B）晶粒细小（6.8nm）,晶格畸变严重,具有近似非晶态的结构.由于Ti、B元素的添加,Fe-Al-Ti-B四元粉体晶粒细化速率更快,但合金化速率明显降低.     

Characterization and formation mechanism of nanocrystalline (Fe,Ti)3Al intermetallic compound prepared by mechanical alloying

The nanocrystalline (Fe,Ti)₃Al intermetallic compound was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental powder with composition Fe₅₀Al₂₅Ti₂₅. The structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffractometry and microhardness measurements. Morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of powder particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that a Fe/Al/Ti layered structure was formed at the early stages of milling followed by the formation of Fe(Ti,Al) solid solution. This structure transformed to (Fe,Ti)₃Al intermetallic compound at longer milling times. Upon heat treatment of (Fe,Ti)₃Al phase the degree of DO₃ ordering was increased. The (Fe,Ti)₃Al compound exhibited high microhardness value of about 1050 Hv.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure of Al-10wt.%Nb alloy fabricated by Mechanical Alloying

Al-10%Nb alloy powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying and their mechanical behavior and microstructure were investigated by means of tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. An intermetallic compound of Al₃Nb was partially formed in the mechanically alloyed powders. The grain size was 50 run after mechanical alloying for 20 hours, and increased to 500 nm after hot extrusion at 400°C. However the 20 size of the intermetallic compounds of precipitated Al₃Nb in an Al matrix, did not vary with hot extrusion. The density of the consolidated Al-Nb alloy was over 97% relatively with hot extrusion. Both the tensile strength and elongation decreased at the elevated temperature. As the temperature increased, the dimples in the fracture surface were large and of coalescent shape, and the fracture was caused by the precipitated phases of Al₃Nb.     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiAl by mechanical alloying

The nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic compound was synthesized by mechanical alloying of the elemental powders. The structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffractometery, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The mechanical alloying resulted in the gradual formation of nanocrystalline NiAl with a grain size of 20 nm. It was found that NiAl phase develops by continuous diffusive reaction at Ni/Al layers interfaces. The NiAl compound exhibited high microhardness value of about 1035 Hv.     

Fabrication of mechanically alloyed Ti-Ni-Cu powders and damping properties of Al/Ti-Ni-cu sintered materials

The microstructure and phase transformation of mechanically alloyed Ti-(50-x)Ni-xCu powders added to an aluminium matrix to enhance their damping properties were studied. Four compositions between 5 and 20 at.%Cu intermetallic compounds were selected to control the fraction of the martensite phase of Ti-Ni-Cu. Mechanically alloyed Ti-Ni-Cu powders were heat-treated in a vacuum of 10⁶ torr for crystallization. Mechanically alloyed Ti-Ni-Cu powders were milled with Al, swaged at room temperature and rolled at 450°C. After mechanical alloying for 10 hours. The Ti, Ni and Cu elements were completely alloyed and an amorphous phase was formed. The amorphous phase was crystallized to martensite (B19’) and austenite (B2) after heat treatment for 1 hour at a temperature of 850°C, and a Fe₂Ti intermetallic compound was partially formed. As the Cu contents increased the austenite phase fraction increased. The specific damping capacity (SDC) of Al/TiNiCu composite was higher than that of the Al/TiNi composite or native aluminium.     

钛合金表面辉光离子渗铝耐蚀性

利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术,在钛合金(Ti6Al4V)表面渗AI,形成均匀的钛铝合金扩散层.用显微硬度仪测量渗层的显微硬度,用SEM、XRD分析渗层的截面形貌和相结构,并在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液和3.5%NaCl溶液中测试极化曲线方法.结果表明:经950℃,保温5 h后Ti6Al4V合金基材表面形成厚度约为20 ìm的钛铝合金扩散层,扩散层由金属间化合物Ti3Al和TiAl组成;合金表面显微硬度值达到8100 MPa;钛合金表面的耐蚀性能提高.     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

Microstructural and mechanical evaluation of Al-TiB2 nanostructured composite fabricated by mechanical alloying

Production of bulk Al-TiB₂ nanocomposite from mechanically alloyed powder was studied. Al-20 wt.% TiB₂ metal matrix nanocomposite powder was obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) of pure Ti, B and Al powder mixture. A double step process was used to prevent the formation of undesirable phases like Al₃Ti intermetallic compound, which has been described in our previous papers. The resultant powder was consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) followed up by hot extrusion. The structural characteristics of powder particles and sintered samples were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hardness measurements were conducted on the cross section of powder particles and sintered sample and the tensile behavior of extruded samples was evaluated. The results showed that the prepared Al-20 wt.% TiB₂ nanocomposite has good thermal stability against grain growth and particle coarsening. Extruded Al-20 wt.% TiB₂ showed a hardness value of 180 VHN and yield and tensile strength of 480 and 540 MPa, respectively, which are much higher than those reported for similar composites made by other processes.     

Characterization and formation mechanism of nanocrystalline W–Al alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

Tungsten and aluminum elemental powders with composition W–20 wt.% Al were mechanical alloyed in high energy planetary ball mill. Structural and morphological changes of powder particles after different milling times were studied by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. Mechanical alloying of this system led to the formation of W–Al alloy as a result of formation of W/Al layered microstructure having faceted interface between layers. This alloy indicated high microhardness value of about 570 Hv.     

SYNTHESIS OF NANO－METER TiAl INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND THROUGH MECHANICAL ALLOYING

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Effect of Cold Deformation and Annealing on Microstructure of Al-Ti Alloy Target for Sputter Deposition

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