离子渗氮对多弧离子镀CrN涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的 采用离子渗氮技术强化40Cr钢基体,以提高大载荷条件下基体表面CrN涂层的耐磨性能。方法 首先采用离子渗氮技术强化40Cr钢基体,再采用多弧离子镀在强化后的基体表面上沉积硬质CrN涂层。采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察分析基体和涂层的微观形貌,采用划痕试验测试涂层与基体的结合力,采用维氏硬度表征涂层及基体不同深度的硬度,通过大载荷摩擦磨损试验研究基体强化对涂层耐磨性的影响。结果 经离子渗氮后,40Cr钢基体的表面硬度由380HV提高至879HV,渗层深度达到0.30 mm;多弧离子镀CrN涂层的表面硬度为2 380HV,厚度为33 μm,涂层的结合力达到37.79 N。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,40Cr钢基体的平均摩擦因数为0.92,磨损量为43.1 mg,磨痕宽度和深度分别为1 805、224 μm;经离子渗氮后40Cr钢基体的平均摩擦因数为0.68,磨损量为28.4 mg,磨痕的宽度和深度分别为1 260、156 μm;未强化基体表面CrN涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.55,磨损量为19.4 mg,磨痕的宽度和深度分别为884、89 μm,在摩擦磨损试验中出现了涂层剥落失效现象;经强化后基体表面CrN涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.42,磨损量为2.6 mg,磨痕的宽度和深度分别为328、16 μm,未出现涂层剥落现象。结论 采用离子渗氮强化基体的方法,使基体、渗氮层、CrN涂层形成了硬度梯度,提高了多弧离子镀CrN涂层的耐磨性能,避免在大载荷条件下出现因基体变形引起的涂层脱落失效。     

激光熔覆(Ni60+NbC)+h-BN@Cu涂层组织与性能研究

目的 通过添加铜包覆六方氮化硼(h-BN@Cu)粉末,改善激光熔覆Ni基NbC涂层的性能。方法 采用激光熔覆技术,使用添加不同质量分数铜包覆六方氮化硼的镍基碳化铌复合粉末,在45钢基体表面沉积镍基复合涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)设备,研究h-BN@Cu对Ni60/NbC的激光熔覆镍基复合涂层微观结构的影响,利用显微硬度计和布鲁克UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机及白光干涉模块,测量熔覆层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损系数和磨痕宽度。结果 熔覆层中的主相为Ni-Cr-Fe,除此之外还存在FeNi3、CrB、M7C3、NbC、M23C6、Cr2Nb等多种相。研究发现,添加的润滑相h-BN@Cu与硬质相NbC会发生部分分解,Nb原子和B原子进入熔池,与熔池中的Cr原子反应,生成CrB、Cr2Nb等,这些金属间化合物具有硬度高、耐磨性好等特点。当h-BN@Cu的质量分数为10%时,熔覆层的显微硬度为650HV1.0,摩擦系数为0.4,磨痕宽度为0.406 mm。结论 相比于不添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层,添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层的平均硬度略微下降,但熔覆层硬质相分布更加均匀,此时硬度仍为45钢基体硬度的3.1倍,摩擦系数降低约27%,磨痕宽度减小约21%。     

等离子喷涂Cr3C2/NiCr金属陶瓷基高温润滑涂层的摩擦学行为研究

目的 探讨和研究Cr3C2/NiCr-Ag-MoO3-CaF2和Cr3C2/NiCr-CaF2金属陶瓷涂层与ZrO2配副在宽温域（室温~800 ℃）内的摩擦磨损行为和磨损机理。方法 以Cr3C2/NiCr作为基底材料,CaF2、Ag、MoO3作为固体润滑剂,采用大气等离子喷涂技术在718高温合金钢基体表面,制备Cr3C2/NiCr-Ag-MoO3-CaF2和Cr3C2/NiCr-CaF2金属陶瓷涂层。采用UMT-3高温摩擦磨损实验机评价涂层从室温~800 ℃的摩擦磨损性能,采用显微硬度计和万能材料实验机测试涂层的显微硬度和粘结强度,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和拉曼光谱仪分析涂层的显微结构、物相组成和磨痕的微观形貌。结果Cr3C2/NiCr-CaF2和Cr3C2/NiCr-Ag-MoO3-CaF2金属陶瓷涂层结构致密,显微硬度和结合强度均随着固体润滑剂含量的增加而有所下降,结合强度分别为46.45、36.65 MPa,显微硬度分别为524.61HV0.3、478.29HV0.3。涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均随着温度的升高而降低,800 ℃时Cr3C2/NiCr-CaF2和Cr3C2/NiCr-Ag-MoO3-CaF2涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率最低,最低摩擦系数分别为0.30和0.19,最低磨损率分别为3.84×10-5、2.89×10-5 mm3/(N?m)。 结论 CaF2可以改善600 ℃以上的摩擦学性能,Ag、CaF2、MoO3在涂层磨损表面发生摩擦化学反应生成的钼酸银和钼酸钙,可以有效地改善Cr3C2/NiCr涂层在600 ℃以上的摩擦学性能。     

钛合金表面等离子喷涂Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能

目的 研究温度对钛合金表面Al2O3-40%TiO2陶瓷涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响，探讨涂层在高温下的摩擦磨损机理。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)在TC4钛合金表面制备Al2O3-40%TiO2(AT40)陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量分散谱仪(EDS)，对AT40陶瓷涂层中的微观形貌和物相进行定性分析。借助维氏显微硬度计，研究 AT40陶瓷涂层在常温下的截面显微硬度分布规律，以及高温下的显微硬度。采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机，测试AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的摩擦磨损性能，并进行原位在线自动3D形貌表征。结果 AT40陶瓷涂层呈典型的热喷涂层状结构，各相分布均匀，涂层结构致密，平均显微硬度相较于TC4钛合金基材提高了81%。AT40陶瓷涂层在200、350、500 ℃下的高温硬度分别为513HV0.3、463HV0.3、448HV0.3。在200、350 ℃时，AT40陶瓷涂层的平均摩擦系数分别为0.18±0.02和0.38±0.03，磨损率分别为(7.8±0.01)×10^–5 mm³/(N.m)和(37.2±0.01)×10^–5 mm³/(N.m)，涂层具有优异的抗高温摩擦磨损性能。500 ℃时，涂层的平均摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.77±0.02和(134.4±0.01)×10^–5 mm³/(N.m)，磨痕深度和磨损体积大幅增加，耐磨性能降低。结论 AT40陶瓷涂层在200 ℃和350 ℃的磨损机制主要为微区脆性断裂，在500 ℃时的磨损机制表现为裂纹扩展引起的分层剥落和轻微磨料磨损。     

40Cr钢表面渗氮及制备CrN涂层在重载低速下的摩擦学性能

目的提高40Cr齿轮在重载低速下的摩擦学性能。方法采用离子渗氮和电弧离子蒸发镀(AED)技术在40Cr钢基体上制备了渗氮层和Cr N涂层。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和往复式摩擦磨损试验机,研究了经两种表面处理后40Cr钢的物相组成、形貌和摩擦学性能。结果渗氮样品表面化合物层厚度约10μm,硬度约为558HV。Cr N涂层表面厚度约为4μm,涂层硬度约为1341HV。在60 N载荷的条件下,渗氮处理后40Cr钢的磨损率为104.17×10-6 mm3/(N·m),其磨损机理主要为轻微的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;制备Cr N涂层后40Cr钢的磨损率为17.36×10-6 mm3/(N·m),其磨损机理主要为轻微的磨粒磨损。结论在20~60 N法向载荷下,制备Cr N涂层后,40Cr钢均表现出最优异的耐磨减摩性能。     

斜撑式超越离合器用Cr7C3涂层和GCr15基体的磨损行为研究

目的研究斜撑式超越离合器用Cr_7C_3涂层和GCr15基体与合金钢9310对磨时的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法在GCr15基体上利用化学气相沉积技术制备Cr_7C_3涂层样件。利用带有能谱分析仪的扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪分析测量涂层的厚度和物相组成以及有无Cr_7C_3涂层时样件的显微硬度。利用球-盘接触式SRV-4高温摩擦磨损试验机考察Cr_7C_3涂层和GCr15基体的摩擦磨损性能。采用三维白光干涉形貌仪和扫描电镜系统地分析材料的磨痕情况。结果 Cr_7C_3涂层厚度约为4~6μm,主要包含Cr_7C_3和(Cr,Fe)7C3两种相。涂层的平均显微硬度为22.709 GPa,约为GCr15基体(11.198 GPa)的2倍。在试验参数下,Cr_7C_3涂层的摩擦系数为0.18~0.24,GCr15基体的摩擦系数为0.15~0.20。当滑动速度为60 mm/s,法向载荷为20 N~60 N时,GCr15的磨损率约是Cr_7C_3涂层的4~6倍;当滑动速度为100 mm/s时,GCr15基体的磨损率约是Cr_7C_3涂层的7~11倍。当滑动速度为100 mm/s,法向载荷为60 N时,GCr15基体的磨损机理为典型的犁沟磨损。Cr_7C_3涂层主要为犁沟磨损和一定的疲劳磨损。结论 Cr_7C_3涂层具有较高的硬度和良好的耐磨性,有助于改善基体的耐磨性能和斜撑式超越离合器的使用性能。     

销盘硬度对铁基合金摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

为了探究相同摩擦磨损工况下销-盘摩擦副选择的合理性,在NM360钢表面进行预置送粉的单层激光熔覆铁基合金实验,将所得到的熔覆层材料作为销,选择4种不同硬度的调质态40Cr钢作为对偶盘,分析了四组相同实验参数下销的摩擦系数、显微组织和磨损量,以及销和盘的表面磨损形貌。结果表明:四组实验沿着滑动摩擦方向,销涂层的表面都发生了塑性变形,产生了不同厚度的加工硬化层。硬度为392 HV的盘对磨销的最大、最小加工硬化层厚度和塑性变形层深度分别为23.9、10.9、9μm;且其摩擦系数最小,磨损量也相对较少,摩擦表面相对较为平整,其磨损表面出现浅层剥落。另外,硬度为392 HV的盘表面相对较平整,只有少量裂纹和较轻微的黏着。     

H13表面TiAlN/CrAlN复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用真空电弧离子镀工艺在H13钢表面制备Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层,利用划痕试验仪、盘式摩擦磨损试验机、金相显微镜和努氏硬度计分析Ti Al N/Cr Al N膜层的结合力和摩擦学性能,金相组织形貌和试样表面的显微硬度。结果表明,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合薄膜表面组织分布均匀,结合致密,涂层与基体间的结合力是影响涂层承载能力的主要因素之一,Ti Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能优于H13基体和Cr Al N复合涂层的摩擦性能,Ti Al N/Cr Al N复合涂层的结合力分别为35 N和24 N,沉积有Ti Al N涂层试样表面摩擦系数最小,减摩效果最好,耐磨性能优越,并能有效地抵抗摩擦磨损。     

超音频感应熔覆镍基合金涂层组织及耐磨性能

利用超音频感应熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了厚度超过5.5 mm的镍基合金涂层,借助SEM/EDS、XRD、显微硬度计和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层微观组织结构、显微硬度分布及耐磨性能。结果表明,涂层主要由γ-Ni,γ-Ni/Ni3Si,硼化物Cr B和碳化物Cr7C3组成;涂层显微硬度呈现梯度分布,平均硬度为795 HV0.2,近4倍于基体硬度;涂层相对耐磨性能为基体的5.77倍;基体的磨损机制主要为严重的磨粒磨损,涂层的主要磨损机制为轻微粘着磨损,涂层中均匀分布大量的硬质相是耐磨性能显著提高的主要原因。     

一种新型致密Fe基非晶涂层的制备与耐磨性能

采用活性燃烧高速燃气(AC-HAVF)喷涂技术在AISI 1045低碳钢基体上制备了一种新型Fe40Cu8Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2非晶合金涂层,通过XRD、SEM、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观结构及其摩擦磨损行为。研究表明,Fe40Cu8Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2涂层的厚度可达400μm,涂层基本由非晶相组成,且与基体结合良好,结构致密,孔隙率为1.2%。该Fe基非晶涂层具有较高的维氏硬度达1038 HV,极低的磨损量,约为基体AISI 1045低碳钢的1/4。在干摩擦条件下,涂层易发生层状剥落磨损。同时,摩擦界面的局部接触部位产生高的闪温,使涂层表面形成氧化膜,随着摩擦过程中氧化的不断进行,当氧化膜生长到某一临界厚度时,由于其本身脆性会最终破裂,形成氧化磨屑,进一步加剧涂层的磨损。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.