锡磷青铜水平连铸坯凝固组织的数值模拟

水平连铸是锡磷青铜板坯生产的主要方式,凝固过程在结晶器内部进行,故凝固过程一直是“黑匣子”,为探索水平连铸工艺参数变化对铸坯凝固行为的影响规律,建立冷却参数与铸坯宏观组织之间的内在关系,本文对水平连铸锡磷青铜合金凝固过程中的晶粒生长进行准确建模并分析,研究牵引机拉速对铸坯温度场和凝固组织的影响。结果表明：铸坯出口温度随牵引机拉速增加而线性增加;提高牵引机拉速会使凝固位置外移、糊状区宽度增加、液穴深度增加,晶粒生长方向与牵引方向的夹角增大,心部等轴晶数目增加以及晶粒平均尺寸减小。     

无氧铜水平连铸液穴深度与浇注温度关系研究

在连续铸造过程中,铸坯液穴深度受冷却水量、拉坯速度及浇注温度等工艺参数的影响,掌握其影响规律对提高铸坯质量有显著帮助。本文通过ProCAST软件对100 mm×10 mm规格无氧铜方形铸坯的水平连铸进行研究,探究液穴深度与浇注温度之间关系。分析结果表明:浇注温度对液穴深度有一定影响;提高浇注温度可以使液穴深度加大,增大铸型温度,从而减小铸坯的温度梯度,降低其热应力;无氧铜水平连铸液穴深度与浇注温度呈线性关系,浇注温度越高,液穴深度越大。     

小方坯连铸机高拉速技术改造和生产实践

高拉速、高效连铸一直是连铸技术的发展方向,小方坯连铸高拉速还可能实现高温出坯和直接轧制。针对某钢厂现有170 mm×170 mm方坯连铸与生产条件,探索了通过采用多锥度结晶器、非正弦振动、结晶器保护渣调整和优化二次冷却等措施进行高拉速技术改造。实现了现有铸机拉速提高50%的生产目标,铸机单流产量达到35 t/h以上,生产拉速由2.0～2.3 m/min提高至2.7～3.1 m/min,最高拉速达到3.45 m/min。基于生产实践,总结了高拉速连铸生产实践的冶金效果;研究表明,为了保证铸坯质量,高拉坯连铸对铸机和工艺的精细化设计提出了更高的要求。     

CSP连铸坯二冷凝固过程的研究

应用有限元仿真软件MSC.Marc,采用二维切片法,以邯钢CSP薄板坯连铸生产线为研究对象,分析铸坯在二冷区的凝固传热规律.结果表明,在二次冷却区,拉速增大0.1 m/min,铸坯表面温度将升高10 ℃左右,出结晶器坯壳厚度减少约0.26 mm,液相穴长度延长约0.16 m;过热度增大10 ℃,铸坯表面温度提高15 ℃左右,出结晶器口铸坯的厚度减薄0.65 mm,液相穴长度延长约0.2 m;冷却强度增大10%,铸坯表面温度降低,第四冷却段最明显,约40 ℃左右,液相穴长度减少约0.27 m,结晶器出口铸坯的坯壳厚度基本没有发生变化.     

OSP连铸坯二冷凝固过程的研究

应用有限元仿真软件MSC．Marc,采用二维切片法,以邯钢CSP薄板坯连铸生产线为研究对象,分析铸坯在二冷区的凝固传热规律。结果表明,在二次冷却区,拉速增大0．1m／min,铸坯表面温度将升高10℃左右,出结晶器坯壳厚度减少约0．26mm,液相穴长度延长约0．16m;过热度增大10℃,铸坯表面温度提高15℃左右,出结晶器口铸坯的厚度减薄0．65mm,液相穴长度延长约0．2m;冷却强度增大10％,铸坯表面温度降低,第四冷却段最明显,约40℃左右,液相穴长度减少约0．27m,结晶器出口铸坯的坯壳厚度基本没有发生变化。     

圆坯连铸结晶器锥度的优化设计

建立了φ180mm圆坯二维热应力模型。根据φ180mm圆坯的数学传热模型,结合实测的边界条件计算出不同拉速下铸坯的收缩规律;建立了结晶器二维热应力模型,计算不同拉速下结晶器的温度场和变形量,从而设计出不同拉速下φ180mm圆坯的连铸结晶器锥度。结果表明,结晶器的最优锥度为多锥度的抛物线曲线,结晶器的锥度随着拉速的升高而减小。     

圆坯水平连铸凝固传热过程数学模拟及分析

根据成都无缝钢管厂水平连铸的生产实践，建立了较大断面铸坯凝固传热过程数学模型。通过数学模拟仿真，找出铸坯在结晶器和喷水区内凝固传热过程的温度场变化，凝壳生长规律及液芯长度等与浇注参数（拉速，浇注温度）的关系。     

超高速连铸结晶器内坯壳的传热行为

超高速连铸漏斗结晶器内坯壳的生长速率对铸坯表面质量有着显著的影响。基于节点温度继承算法(NTI),运用ANSYS有限元软件建立了结晶器内钢水凝固的三维瞬态导热模型,解析了浇注温度和拉速对薄板坯传热行为的影响。研究表明,随着拉速从4.0提高到6.0 m/min,结晶器出口坯壳最大厚度由26减小到12.8 mm,结晶器出口坯壳表面最高温度从1 209增加到1 305 ℃。而浇注温度从1 550 ℃提高到1 560 ℃对坯壳的表面温度和厚度影响不大。     

方坯直轧工艺下连铸坯温度场均匀性及切坯工艺优化

对方坯直轧工艺下连铸坯温度场和初生晶粒演化进行数值模拟,并根据计算结果对连铸坯切坯顺序进行优化。结果表明：随着连铸拉速的提高,连铸方坯表面温度和心表温差逐渐增大,心部等轴晶区也逐渐扩大;拉速对连铸坯初生晶粒取向的影响较小;连铸坯定尺对铸坯头尾温差的影响较大,在拉速不变的情况下,连铸坯定尺每增加1 m,头尾温差增大约10.5℃。方坯直轧工艺生产采用非定尺切坯策略,可以有效减小连铸拉速波动对出坯生产节奏的影响。     

连铸大方坯热收缩行为的有限元分析

根据某钢厂的铸机条件,建立了连铸大方坯的二维温度与热应变耦合模型,采用有限元法对数学模型进行求解,获得了不同拉速和过热度下铸坯的温度场和凝固收缩规律。结果表明:拉速对热收缩影响显著,过热度影响小,在制定辊缝工艺制度时可以忽略过热度的影响;铸坯表面温度变化越剧烈,热收缩的趋势越大,热收缩量也越大;辊缝工艺可分为四段分别线性控制,而且沿拉坯方向,辊缝线性减少速率逐渐减小。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis