X80管线钢的应变时效行为研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜等分析方法,研究了拉伸预应变量和时效温度对X80管线钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,应变时效前后X80管线钢显微组织无明显变化;应变时效后,拉伸曲线由时效前的拱顶型连续屈服曲线转变为吕德斯型屈服曲线,屈服强度增加,屈强比明显升高,断后伸长率及均匀延伸率降低;冲击韧性变化不明显。预应变量越大,拉伸性能恶化越显著,而时效温度对拉伸性能的影响较小。     

预应变量和时效温度对X80管线钢性能的影响

研究了拉伸预应变和时效温度对X80管线钢板应变时效后力学性能的影响.结果表明:应变时效后管线钢的拉伸曲线南拱顶型连续屈服曲线转变为吕德斯伸长型屈服曲线;时效后管线钢的强度升高,屈强比增大,伸长率下降.预应变量越大、时效温度越高,应变时效后的性能降低越显著.预应变量小于2%时对管线钢件能的影响相对较小.     

均匀塑性变形X80管线钢的时效和退火工艺

从应变时效和退火处理入手,通过设置不同预应变量模拟管材出现均匀塑性变形而未发生颈缩,研究不同热处理方式对预应变X80管线钢性能的影响。研究发现未处理的X80管线钢的拉伸曲线具有连续屈服特征,没有明显的屈服平台,在均匀塑性变形阶段进行预拉伸后管材发生明显加工硬化,屈服强度最大增加值为148 MPa,管材的断后伸长率和形变硬化指数随着预应变量增大出现降低的现象;预应变管材经260 ℃时效处理后其拉伸曲线出现屈服平台,屈服强度继续升高,断后伸长率则持续降低,应变硬化性能未见明显变化;而预应变管材经660 ℃退火处理后其拉伸曲线出现明显屈服平台,屈服强度小于原始管材强度,屈强比、断后伸长率和形变硬化指数等性能参数得到明显改善。     

应变时效对X90冷弯管组织与性能的影响

对不同角度X90管线钢冷弯管进行应变时效处理,利用拉伸试验和SEM对时效前后管线钢的组织特征与力学性能开展研究。结果表明：拉伸应力-应变曲线有出现屈服平台的趋势,不再呈“Round House”型。在200 ℃时效下,冷弯管横向试样未出现屈服平台,而在250 ℃时效下,冷弯管横、纵向试样均出现明显的屈服平台;时效后,横向试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别增长了83、55 MPa,而纵向试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别增长了130、95 MPa,屈强比增大,最高达到0.99;管材横、纵向伸长率分别从20.2%和22.4%减小至16.56%和17.68%。在相同的温度条件下时效,随着冷弯角度的增大,铁素体晶粒尺寸增大,而板条状贝氏体逐渐向粒状贝氏体转变,M/A组元数目增多,M/A组元附近位错密度增高。当时效温度升高时,贝氏体中出现黑色点状析出物。说明应变时效降低冷弯管塑性变形能力。     

X90钢级管线钢制管前后性能变化研究

介绍了X90钢级管线钢制管前后屈服强度、抗拉强度、屈强比、冲击韧性的变化,分析了产生这些变化的原因,并给出X90钢级卷板的性能控制值。试验结果表明:制管后X90钢级管线钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均上升,且抗拉强度平均升幅大于屈服强度;冲击韧性下降。在制管过程中,因卷板受形变强化的影响,造成制管后屈服强度和抗拉强度升高而韧性下降;而形变强化对制管前后强韧性的影响由卷板的化学成分及轧制工艺决定。     

高Nb X80管线钢的屈强比在塑性变形过程中的变化规律

在Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上,采用预拉伸方法,对高Nb、X80管线钢在JCOE大直径管线钢管成形过程中的塑性变形进行模拟,研究其屈强比的变化规律和机理。研究结果表明,受预拉伸塑性变形的影响,两种高Nb、X80管线钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均得到不同程度的增加。但由于其屈服强度增加的梯度大于抗拉强度增加的梯度,从而导致材料的屈强比升高。在一次变形量超过8.2%,或一次变形量为6.2%并叠加2%二次变形的情况下,材料的屈强比将达到或超过管线钢管标准规定的0.95极限值。塑性变形过程中,由于位错密度增加而导致的加工硬化现象,是使屈服强度增加的主要原因;材料的初始屈强比及其组织均匀性,是影响变形过程中抗变形能力的主要因素。     

应变时效对(B+M/A)X80大变形管线钢的组织和性能影响

通过在线配分HOP(heating on-line partitioning)技术,使X80管线钢获取了(B+M/A)复相组织和大变形性能。采用力学性能测试、显微组织分析方法研究了预变量和不同温度时效温度条件下(B+M/A)X80管线钢的应变脆化规律,分析了显微组织对其脆化的影响。结果表明,(B+M/A)X80管线钢存在着应变时效现象,随着应变时效温度的升高,试验钢的强度和硬度呈现增加的变化趋势,试样的断后伸长率和均匀伸长率较低。随着时效温度升高,(B+M/A)X80管线钢的屈强比R_(t0.5)/R_m、形变强化指数n逐渐降低,导致材料大变形能力下降。应变时效脆化的机制是固溶于α-Fe中的C、N原子与位错的交互作用。与普通管线钢相比,(B+M/A)X80经HOP处理后位错恢复和碳、氮化合物沉淀析出有利于改善应变时效性。     

冷却工艺对抗大变形管线钢X70HD热涂敷性能的影响

抗大变形管线钢加热并保温一段时间后,钢管力学性能将发生变化,通常屈服强度、屈强比升高,均匀延伸率降低,应力-应变曲线形状改变等,这些性能变化将降低钢管的抵抗变形的能力。利用扫描电镜等设备研究了冷却工艺对21 mm X70HD抗大变形管线钢组织、性能和应变时效硬化的影响。结果表明,随开始冷却温度的降低,先共析铁素体含量逐渐增加,贝氏体含量逐渐降低,贝氏体由粒状逐渐向板条状转变,当开始冷却温度在700℃时,钢板具有最佳的综合力学性能,试验钢板通过制成1016 mm钢管,钢管在200℃时效保温5 min下,纵向屈服强度Rt0.5为509 MPa,抗拉强度Rm为692 MPa,延伸率为42%,屈强比Rt0.5/Rm为0.73,Rt1.5/Rt0.5为1.19、Rt2.0/Rt1.0为1.10,均匀变形伸长率达到9.5%。     

超快冷工艺生产X90管线钢组织性能与析出行为

利用超快冷工艺在2250热连轧生产线生产X90管线钢,通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察组织,利用透射电镜观察微观结构和析出形貌,通过物理化学相分析及理论计算对析出规律进行研究,并对应变时效性能进行了研究。结果表明,X90管线钢屈服强度615~645 MPa,抗拉强度808~844 MPa,屈强比低于0.8,-20℃冲击功均在300 J以上;基体为由准多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体、贝氏体铁素体及马氏体奥氏体组元构成的复相组织;析出为Ti、Nb的碳氮化物,超快冷工艺使管线钢中析出过程有效避开了析出鼻尖温度,从而使析出粒子更加细小弥散,析出沉淀强化作用理论计算值为92 MPa;经应变时效后拉伸曲线由Round-House形转变为Luders伸长型,出现明显的屈服平台,屈服强度增加250~280 MPa。     

控轧控冷工艺对X70级抗大变形管线钢组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能实验等研究了控轧控冷工艺对X70级管线钢的组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:不同终轧温度下X70管线钢的显微组织主要由多边形铁素体、贝氏体和少量的珠光体组成,且随着终轧温度的升高,抗拉强度与屈服强度降低,硬度下降,冲击韧性提高,但屈强比变化不大,并且落锤性能较差;随着终轧温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,铁素体体积含量增多。在不同的终冷温度下,X70管线钢的显微组织主要由多边形铁素体和贝氏体组成,并且随着终冷温度的升高,抗拉强度大幅度降低,屈服强度则呈M形波动,硬度呈线性降低,冲击吸收能量大幅度升高且落锤性能较好,屈强比缓慢升高;随着终冷温度的升高,晶粒度等级基本保持稳定,铁素体含量呈线性增加。该大变形管线钢最优的轧制工艺为控制终轧温度为840℃,终冷温度为450℃。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.