35万kW汽轮机叶片断裂失效分析

本文通过金相、化学分析及透射电镜、扫描电镜及衍射仪等分析手段对35万kW汽轮机叶片的失效进行了分析,结果表明该叶片的失效是由于疲劳断裂而不是腐蚀环境下的疲劳断裂。     

TC17钛合金叶盘破裂分析

压气机风扇部件试验件试验过程中叶盘破裂失效。本研究通过断口宏微观观察、金相组织检查、力学性能测试、疲劳模拟试验及改进措施验证,确定了叶盘的失效性质和原因。结果表明:叶片为高周疲劳断裂,为肇事件,鼓筒、盘体均为过载断裂;断裂叶片表面存在横向加工刀痕、材料组织状态不良、断裂韧度低是导致叶片发生高周疲劳断裂的原因。通过采取改善叶盘锻件毛坯的力学性能、严格控制零件表面质量,有效预防了叶盘发生破裂失效。     

某航空发动机第三级涡轮叶片失效分析

本文对某型号航空发动机GH4033第三级涡轮叶片榫头裂纹及断裂失效进行了分析,确定了失效模式为两类,第一类为蠕变疲劳裂纹,第二类为起始应力较大的高低周复合疲劳断裂.研究发现GH4033合金屈服强度偏低、晶界强化能力不足是叶片发生蠕变疲劳开裂的主要原因.而叶片的高低周复合疲劳断裂则主要与个别相邻叶片的叶冠间隙偏大引发的高振动弯曲应力及R处加工刀痕引发的应力集中有关.最后提出了预防叶片发生该类失效的措施.     

压缩机17-4PH不锈钢叶轮叶片的失效分析

某氮压机叶轮上的叶片发生早期失效破裂,从叶片的化学成分、显微组织、力学性能和断口的宏观、微观形貌等方面分析其失效原因。结果表明,叶片材料为17-4PH不锈钢(对应中国牌号05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb)。叶片断口上有明显的疲劳特征,表明断裂属于疲劳断裂。叶片材料的化学成分、组织及性能满足标准要求。叶片的振动是造成断裂的主要原因。     

冷却风扇叶片断裂分析

冷却风扇试验过程中叶片全部发生断裂,对断裂叶片进行外观检查、金相组织和显微硬度检测,对断口进行宏微观检查、能谱分析,综合分析叶片的断裂性质和原因。结果表明:冷却风扇叶片裂纹扩展阶段的典型特征为疲劳弧线及分布在疲劳弧线间的细密疲劳条带,发生了高低周复合疲劳断裂。叶片高低周复合疲劳断裂由较大离心力叠加振动应力的综合作用引起。建议优化叶片结构,提高叶片的承载能力,降低冷却风扇叶片振动应力,严格控制铸造质量,对叶片表面进行抗疲劳性能处理。     

燃气轮机低压压气机转子叶片断裂分析

某型燃气轮机运行近1 000 h后,发生2片低压压气机转子叶片脱榫断裂和同级多片榫头裂纹故障。通过对断裂和裂纹叶片外观观察、断口分析、化学成分分析、硬度检测和金相检验等手段,确认了断裂和裂纹叶片失效模式相同,均属振动疲劳断裂,盘和叶片配合不良引起微动磨损是该级叶片早期振动疲劳断裂的主要原因。盘、片配合不良主要是由于配合面间无防磨损涂层,在应用过程中产生氧化和磨损引起的;通过盘和叶片榫齿配合面涂干膜润滑,有效解决了盘片配合面微动磨损问题。     

透平压缩机叶片失效分析及再制造技术

针对某透平压缩机叶片进气口端产生断口和裂纹等失效问题,通过断口宏观和显微形貌分析、失效叶片化学成分和力学性能分析及有限元分析,对叶片裂纹形成和扩展机理进行研究。结果表明,叶片进气口端断口是由于杂质冲击导致,而叶片根部的裂纹是由于腐蚀引起材料表面产生微观缺陷,最终叶片在反复扭转力的作用下产生疲劳断裂。     

烟气轮机动叶片失效分析

对某型号失效的烟气轮机动叶片进行了断口和裂纹源区形貌、金相组织观察及化学成分分析,结果表明:高温硫腐蚀和局部应力偏高是导致动叶片裂纹萌生的主要原因,使用过程中的腐蚀疲劳最终导致其断裂失效.      

高压压气机转子叶片断裂分析

对断裂叶片进行材质和断口等综合分析，确认高压压气机Ⅰ、Ⅱ级叶片断裂的特征和失效模式，明确叶片断裂失效与材料的力学性能等冶金因素无关。结果显示:高压压气机Ⅰ级叶片断裂为疲劳断裂，为首断件和肇事件；Ⅱ级叶盘所有叶片均为大应力作用下的疲劳断裂，为受害件。Ⅰ级叶盘叶片断裂与承受较大的共振应力有关，属于结构设计问题。进一步的分析表明，压气机Ⅰ级叶盘叶片叶型厚度超差，使得K=3激起的一阶弯曲共振转速更靠近慢车转速区域。疲劳断裂叶片在裂纹萌生处存在明显的横向加工痕迹，降低了疲劳性能。叶片表面较明显的加工损伤对Ⅰ级转子叶片断裂起到一定的促进作用。     

ACL50型轴流压缩机动叶片失效分析

ACL50型轴流压缩机叶片在运行过程发生失效。为探究叶片失效的原因,避免类似情况出现,采用宏观断口分析、金相组织观察、力学性能检测及断口微观分析,对失效的叶片进行了研究。结果表明:该断口为典型的疲劳断口,且裂纹源区有多个裂纹源存在。当叶片受力趋于稳定不再有新裂纹源产生时,榫齿上的裂纹开始扩展,引起叶片的失稳,并最终导致了叶片的断裂。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis