铝合金中盘/片状,杆/棒状析出相的形状演变及动力学研究（英文）

微观组织定量化研究对于建立金属材料组织和性能关系有重要意义。研究了可时效强化铝合金中时效过程中析出相形状的演变和动力学过程,结合过饱和固溶体析出相变过程的经典理论、析出相生长过程的软碰撞理论和HHC理论,建立了具有盘/片状、杆/棒状析出相铝合金的析出相形状因子模型。并利用Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金T相、Al-Cu-Mg合金S相及Al-Mg-Si合金β相的析出相尺寸随时效时间变化的实验数据对模型进行验证,拟合的结果符合盘/片状、杆/棒状析出相随时效时间延长,析出相尺寸形状因子先急剧增大至极大值、再缓慢减小最终趋于稳定的一般规律,证实了模型的适用性和准确性。     

铝合金时效-屈服强度的实验与模型化研究

以析出热力学、长大动力学及位错理论为基础，研究了铝合金在时效过程中盘／片状、棒／针状析出相尺寸、体积分数对时效合金强化效果的影响，从微观-宏观相结合的角度建立了具有盘／片状、棒／针状细小时效强化相铝合金的时效工艺-屈服强度量化模型，并通过513K温度下时效Al-Cu-Mg合金和463K温度下时效Al-Mg-Si合金的实验结果对模型进行了验证，取得了较满意的吻合结果，并对本模型的模拟精度与时效析出相参数之间的关系进行了讨论。     

具有盘／片状，棒／针状析出相铝合金的时效—屈服强度变化模型

以析出热力学、长大动力学及强化理论为基础，研究了具有盘／片状、棒／针状析出相铝合金在时效过程中的析出相尺寸、体积分数变化及其对时效合金强化效果的影响，得到了合金成分、时效参数与组织参数、屈服强度间的解析关系式，进而从微观—宏观相结合的角度建立起了具有盘／片状、棒／针状析出相铝合金的时效工艺—屈服强度量化模型，并将该模型应用于6061合金和Al—Zn—Mg合金的时效性能预测，取得了较满意的结果。同时，详细讨论了析出相长径比对时效温度以及合金处理状况的依赖关系。     

AA 7055铝合金时效析出强化模型

利用小角度X射线散射技术获得的系列定量信息,综合运用时效析出动力学理论和析出相切过、绕过强化机制,研究了AA 7055铝合金在120和160℃时效过程中的屈服强度演变模型。结果表明,在时效早期盘状析出相的盘面半径和半厚度均与t^1/2(t为时效时间)成线性关系;在时效后期,析出相尺寸则与t^1/3成线性关系。时效过程中析出相体积分数与t的变化关系遵循JMA (Johnson-Mehl-Avrami)型表达式。综合考虑了GPI区和η’相2类析出相对合金强度的贡献,并且分别考察了这2类析出相的模量强化机制和共格应变强化机制,最终建立了AA 7055铝合金在120和160℃时效过程中的屈服强度变化模型,确定了该合金时效过程中析出相与屈服强度之间的定量关系。     

时效对小变形量2A14铝合金微观组织的影响

通过透射电镜研究了时效对小变形量2A14铝合金微观组织的影响。研结果表明：小变形量的2A14铝合金在150 ℃时效4 h,合金中基本上没有析出或析出相的含量很少,时效10 h,合金中形成了少量的片状析出相Ω相和S'相。随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长,合金中析出的S'相的含量增加且尺寸增大,没有观察到Ω相。在180 ℃时效4 h,在位错上开始析出点状的S相,随着时效温度的升高和保温时间的延长,位错上析出的S相增多且尺寸增大,位错线变得不明显。晶界上的析出相主要是S相,在晶界附近没有观察到明显的无析出带。     

铝合金时效析出动力学及强化模型

研究铝合金热处理过程中微观组织与性能的演变规律,并建立能应用于工业生产的定量预测模型具有重要学术和工程应用价值。综合近年来关于铝合金时效过程中析出相演变和析出强化的模型及模拟的研究,分析和讨论以下几个方面的内容：模拟铝合金时效过程中析出相演变与析出强化的不同方法;铝合金时效过程中析出相微观组织的演变模型,包括形核、长大与粗化阶段,重点总结预测微观组织演变的计算方法;铝合金的强度影响因素及不同形貌析出相的强化模型;各种模型的应用和它们的优缺点以及未来可能的研究方向。     

具有盘状析出相铝合金的时交强化模型

以析出热力学、长大动力学及强化理论为基础,研究了具有盘状析出相的铝合金在时效过程中的析出相尺寸、体积分数变化及其对时效合金强化效果的影响,得到了合金成分、时效参数与组织参数、屈服强度间的解析关系式,进而从微观与宏观相结合的角度建立起了具有盘状析出相铝合金的时效工艺－屈服强度量化模型,并将该模型应用于Al-Cu二元系列合金的时效性能预测,取得了较满意的结果。同时,由数据的归纳和组合得出了Al-Cu二元系列合金中盘状析出相临界形核能垒的简易求解式f（△G,x0/xc）＝常数,有助于该模型的普遍适用化。     

Al-Mg-Si合金中针棒状析出相时效析出动力学及强化模拟研究

通过与计算相图数据库相耦合,建立了Al-Mg-Si三元合金体系中针棒状析出相时效析出动力学和时效强化模型,考虑了析出相形貌对形核、生长、粗化以及强化效果的影响.通过该模型可以获得不同时效工艺下析出相微观组织特征参数的变化及对应的屈服强度变化.利用该模型模拟了Al-Mg-Si合金在不同时效工艺条件下的时效析出过程和屈服强度变化,并与实验结果及Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wanger粗化模型计算结果进行了对比.基于模型研究并分析了析出相长径比、界面能、合金元素含量以及析出相成分对Al-Mg-Si合金时效析出动力学和强化效果的影响.结果表明:不同的界面能和长径比会影响形核密度和析出相尺寸,进而影响合金的屈服强度.增加基体中Mg含量可以促进时效析出,提高合金屈服强度,而基体中Si含量的增加对合金屈服强度并不产生明显影响.     

时效温度与时间对6005A铝合金挤压型材显微组织与力学性能的影响(英文)

研究时效时间和时效温度对6005A铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响,对该铝合金挤压型材进行人工时效实验,时效时间分别为4、8和12h,时效温度分别为150、175和200°C。结果表明:随着时效温度和时间增加,挤压过程形成的粗大Al(Fe,Cr)Si析出相形貌由颗粒状向棒状转变,175°C时亚微米级析出相体积分数最大,200°C时在晶界析出1～3μm左右的AlFeSi相。挤压型材的室温力学性能对时效工艺中的温度参数更加敏感,时效工艺为175°C,4～8h时具有最佳的强度和较稳定的力学性能,抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到300MPa和270MPa以上。     

单级时效制度对7150铝合金组织和性能的影响

通过硬度测试、电导率测试、室温拉伸性能测试和显微组织观察(TEM),研究了7150铝合金在单级时效处理过程中时效温度和时效时间对其合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,7150铝合金有很强的时效强化效应,时效初期,合金硬度迅速上升;单级时效处理的温度越高,合金达到峰时效所需的时间越短.120℃时效时,28 h合金达到硬度峰值;140℃时效时,合金12 h达到硬度峰值;合金在120℃和140℃时效时,过时效现象不明显;电导率随时效时间的延长而不断上升,时效温度越高,电导率的增长速率越快;120℃峰时效时合金基体内有大量细小相析出,晶界析出相呈连续分布;在120℃进行过时效处理,合金粗大析出相数量明显增加,晶界析出相呈不连续分布,但合金的硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度下降不大,伸长率有所下降.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis