Mg及Mg合金的腐蚀行为及防护工艺

论述了Mg合金表面氧化膜的微观结构,阐述了Mg合金的腐蚀机理。介绍了Mg合金的常见腐蚀类型与影响因素。从改变镁合金基体腐蚀性能和外加涂层方面考虑,介绍了Mg合金的主要防腐措施。     

AZ31镁合金表面化学气相沉积钨涂层工艺及其耐蚀性和耐磨性

为提高镁合金表面耐蚀耐磨性能,采用化学气相沉积法在镁合金表面制备了钨涂层,并对其工艺进行了研究。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪等分析技术对钨涂层成分、组织结构以及微观形貌进行了表征;利用高温摩擦磨损试验机(HT-1000)、综合电化学测试方法对钨涂层耐磨性能和耐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明:沉积温度为440℃时可获得致密均匀、与基体结合良好的钨涂层;沉积钨涂层使表面硬度大幅度提高,表面耐磨性增加,能有效的降低镁合金表面活性,腐蚀电位相对于镁合金基体正移了1.21V,大幅提高了其耐蚀性能。     

DD98M纳米晶AlSi渗层制备及抗高温腐蚀性能研究

采用磁控溅射技术在DD98M合金表面制备了同成份的纳米晶,采用多弧离子镀技术在DD98M纳米晶涂层表面沉积了AlSi涂层,对上述制备态纳米晶+AlSi复合涂层进行了真空扩散处理,得到了外层为β-NiAl层、内层为γ'-Ni_3Al层的双层结构复合涂层。研究了合金、DD98M纳米晶涂层及复合涂层在1050℃恒温氧化及900℃下Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4混合熔盐体系中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:1050℃恒温氧化时,DD98M合金表面生成NiO,α-Al_2O_3,Ta_(0.8)O_2,CrTaO_4及NiAl_2O_4等组成的混合氧化物膜,氧化膜开裂剥落严重。纳米晶涂层表面生成α-Al_2O_3和少量NiAl_2O_4组成的混合氧化物膜,复合涂层表面形成了均匀致密的单一α-Al_2O_3膜。纳米晶涂层和复合涂层大幅提高了合金的抗恒温氧化性能。在900℃下Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4熔盐中,DD98M合金20 h后即发生了灾难性腐蚀,沉积态纳米晶及其预氧化涂层提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能,复合涂层大幅提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能。     

镁合金抑弧氧化膜层的结构及性能研究

目的了解镁合金抑弧氧化膜层的结构、成分及性能。方法在含有机胺的碱性电解液中,对AZ80镁合金进行抑弧氧化,采用扫描电子显微镜分析、X射线能谱分析、电化学极化曲线测试、摩擦磨损实验等手段测定氧化膜层的结构组成及耐蚀、耐磨性能。结果镁合金抑弧氧化膜层呈双层结构,表层疏松多孔,底层致密。疏松层的摩擦系数在0.2以下,致密层的摩擦系数约为0.8。镁合金经抑弧氧化处理后,腐蚀电位比氧化前仅略有降低,但腐蚀电流密度降低显著。结论抑弧氧化膜降低了镁合金材料的腐蚀速率,提高了其耐蚀、耐磨性能。     

镁合金表面处理技术的发展现状

介绍了镁合金的化学转化、阳极氧化、微弧氧化、有机物涂层、金属涂层等几种常用表面处理方法的原理、特点以及所得膜层的结构和耐蚀性能等。分析了镁合金表面处理技术未来的发展方向。     

镁合金腐蚀与防护的研究现状

对镁合金的腐蚀机理进行了分析,包括高温氧化、电偶腐蚀、应力腐蚀开裂、疲劳腐蚀等。总结了影响镁合金耐蚀性的因素。对镁合金表面防护技术进行了概述,包括在表面制备阳极氧化/微弧氧化膜、制备金属/有机涂层、气相沉积、激光表面处理以及离子注入改性,指出了开发具备高强、耐磨、耐蚀的新型镁合金的发展趋势。     

生物医用镁合金表面改性涂层研究进展

镁合金凭借其优异的生物安全性、良好的载荷传递性及独特的降解性,在医用植入领域表现出巨大的应用潜力和发展前景。然而镁合金在生理环境下的腐蚀溶解速率过快,导致材料力学性能衰减加速进而过早失效。表面改性作为镁合金耐蚀性能提升的重要途径,不仅能通过表层物理屏障的形成来减缓金属材料的溶解速率,还能抑制合金内部腐蚀电偶反应的强烈程度及调控其生物相容性。概述了典型表面改性工艺的技术优势,包括涂层在合金表面的多覆盖度、高膜层厚度、强附着力以及良好生物相容性等。同时归纳了几种表面改性工艺所存在的问题,包括较差的长期耐蚀性、低应力承受能力以及技术安全性等。在此基础上,重点综述了近年来镁合金表面改性涂层的最新研究动态,其中简要介绍了化学转化、微弧氧化、等离子喷涂等几种常见的表面改性涂层形成机制。系统阐述了涂层对镁合金降解过程和生物相容性的影响规律,以及部分元素或粒子对涂层微观结构以及生物性能的作用机理。最后展望了医用镁合金表面改性涂层的发展方向。     

镁合金的腐蚀及其防护措施

介绍了镁合金的腐蚀特性、影响镁合金腐蚀的因素以及镁合金腐蚀的类型。镁合金腐蚀的类型有电偶腐蚀、点蚀、丝状腐蚀和高温氧化。综述了腐蚀防护措施为通过研究开发高纯镁合金,应用快速凝固工艺,实施表面处理技术等。镁合金表面技术中的化学转化膜、阳极氧化、微弧氧化及金属镀层等对镁合金的腐蚀防护有很好的作用。     

纳米化对K38G合金900℃涂盐热腐蚀行为的影响

通过磁控溅射方法在K38G合金上沉积了一层与其同成分的纳米晶涂层。研究了铸态肥8G合金及其纳米晶涂层在900℃的涂盐(盐的成分为75％Na2SO4 25％K2SO4)热腐蚀行为。结果表明：当涂薄盐膜时(0．8mg／cm^2)，纳米晶涂层表面生成一层连续的Al2O3膜，消除了内硫化；当涂厚盐膜时(3mg／cm^2)，纳米晶涂层表面氧化产物为Al2O3、Cr2O3和TiO2混合氧化物，虽然没有消除内硫化，但纳米晶涂层仍然提高了合金的抗热腐蚀性能。并讨论了纳米晶涂层的抗热腐蚀机理。     

冷却条件对镁合金耐蚀性能的影响

通过浸泡腐蚀质量损失试验,研究了不同凝固冷却速度(空冷、水冷和盐水冷)对AZ31和AZ81镁合金在3.5%Na Cl溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,镁合金中Mg17Al12相的尺寸、形貌、分布、析出量及合金凝固组织的均匀性对抗Na Cl溶液腐蚀产生重要影响;Mg17Al12相对镁合金耐蚀性能具有双重作用(起阻障及电偶阴极的作用);同时凝固组织均匀化程度的改善能提高耐蚀性能。在3种因素的叠加作用下,AZ31合金的耐蚀性能随着冷却速度的提高而得以改善,而AZ81合金的耐蚀性能则表现为:空冷盐水淬水冷。     

镁合金表面腐蚀防护技术研究进展

镁合金较差的耐腐蚀性能限制了其大规模应用。利用表面腐蚀防护技术可以有效改善镁合金的耐蚀性能,延长镁合金的服役寿命。因此,可靠的表面腐蚀防护技术是突破镁合金应用瓶颈的关键。从镁合金表面腐蚀防护技术的分类入手,阐述了各种防护技术的基本原理。在此基础上,综述了近年来镁合金腐蚀防护技术的研究进展,包括电化学方法、化学方法及其他表面腐蚀防护方法等,阐明了各种技术的优缺点及适用范围,并对镁合金表面防护技术的发展趋势进行了展望。经过多年的发展,镁合金表面防护技术的理论研究和应用日臻完善,现有的表面防护方法一定程度上都能为镁合金基体提供腐蚀防护作用。然而,随着镁合金应用范围的扩展,相关结构件常会面临恶劣的服役环境。因此,单一的表面腐蚀防护技术已经很难满足工业领域对镁合金材料的迫切需求,多种表面处理技术联合制备的复合涂层具有广阔的应用前景。镁合金表面防护技术当前正朝着功能化和智能化的复合涂层方向发展,同时对制备工艺的安全环保性也提出了更高要求。未来除了保证高耐蚀性外,开发多功能智能涂层对提升防护层的长效防护能力、拓宽镁合金的应用范围具有重大的现实和长远意义。     

The effect of substrate composition on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of PEO coatings on Mg alloys

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a unique surface treatment technology which is based on anodic oxidation forming ceramic oxide coatings on the surface of light alloys such as Mg, Al and Ti. In the present study, PEO coatings prepared on AZ91D, AZ31B, AM60B and AM50B Mg alloys have been investigated. Surface morphology and elemental composition of coatings were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). SEM results showed that the coating exhibited a porous top surface layer and a subsequent dense layer with micro-pores and shrinkage cracks. Phase analysis of coatings was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analyses indicated that PEO coatings on AZ alloys had higher amount of Periclase (MgO) followed by the presence of Spinel (MgAl₂O₄) e.g. on the AZ91D alloy compared to that on AM series alloys. In order to examine the effect of substrate composition on adhesion strength of PEO coating scratch tests were carried out. Electrochemical corrosion tests were undertaken by means of potentiodynamic polarization technique in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C). Corrosion test results indicated that the corrosion rates of coated Mg alloys decreased by nearly two orders of magnitude as compared to bare Mg alloys. PEO coatings on AZ series alloys showed better corrosion resistance and higher adhesion properties than AM series alloys. In addition to the PEO processing parameters, such are mainly attributes of the compositional variations of the substrate alloys which are responsible for the formation, phase contents and structural properties of the PEO coatings.     

Aqueous Corrosion Behavior of Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO)-Coated Magnesium Alloys: A Critical Review

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, in the current era of persistently growing engineering demands, have become the most promising materials finding widespread industrial applications. Numerous processes are available for surface protection of Mg and its alloys to potentially minimize corrosion damage. The micro arc oxidation (MAO), a fairly recent and eco-friendly coating process, emerged as a novel means to provide an adherent, hard, scratch-resistant, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant coatings on Mg alloys. However, the successful utilization of such coatings demands a thorough understanding of the influence of a relatively large number of process parameters such as electrolytic composition, presence of insoluble additives in the electrolyte, electrical parameters employed, and the composition of the Mg alloy substrate on the corrosion resistance. The detailed influence of all the above parameters on the corrosion behavior of Mg alloys is critically reviewed and presented in this article. In addition, this article also reviews the recent trends in terms of duplexing the MAO process using different techniques/processes such that the composite coatings are produced with enhanced corrosion resistance.     

Laser Surface Engineering of Magnesium Alloys: A Review

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are well known for their high specific strength and low density. However, widespread applications of Mg alloys in structural components are impeded by their insufficient wear and corrosion resistance. Various surface engineering approaches, including electrochemical processes (plating, conversion coatings, hydriding, and anodizing), gas-phase deposition (thermal spray, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, diamond-like coatings, diffusion coatings, and ion implantation), and organic polymer coatings (painting and powder coating), have been used to improve the surface properties of Mg and its alloys. Recently, laser surface engineering approaches are attracting significant attention because of the wide range of possibilities in achieving the desired microstructural and compositional modifications through a range of laser?Cmaterial interactions (surface melting, shock peening, and ablation). This article presents a review of various laser surface engineering approaches such as laser surface melting, laser surface alloying, laser surface cladding, laser composite surfacing, and laser shock peening used for surface modification of Mg alloys. The laser?Cmaterial interactions, microstructural/compositional changes, and properties development (mostly corrosion and wear resistance) accompanied with each of these approaches are reviewed.     

IFHANAL-3 Inhibited Chromate-Free Conversion Coatings on V95T2 Aluminum Alloy

Alloys in the Al–Cu–Mg–Zn system are known to be characterized with high corrosion resistance in both atmospheric and aqueous media. It was earlier demonstrated that the alkaline chromate-free converting composite IFHANAL-3 enabled one to produce coatings with protective properties not inferior to those of conventional chromate coatings on a number of aluminum alloys, including that of grade V95 with different thermal treatment. The present work was devoted to studies of the effect of different complexing agents on the oxidation process and protective properties of coatings on V95T2 alloy. The studied modifying dopants decrease the concentrations of different oxides in the composition of conversion coatings, thus facilitating the adsorption of corrosion inhibitors and improvement of their protective properties. The decrease of the oxidation temperature in the solution of IFHANAL-3 modified with inhibitors of the azol type does not ly affect protective properties of the formed coatings.     

简单/改性铝化物涂层的研究现状

航空发动机各部件高温结构材料在苛刻环境下服役时,会遭受严重的高温氧化和热腐蚀.在合金表面施加铝化物涂层后,高温下表面能够生成一层致密且生长缓慢的Al2O3氧化膜,从而隔绝腐蚀介质,以防止合金被快速氧化腐蚀.概述了铝化物涂层的优点,包括制备简单、成本低廉.重点综述了以Ni、Fe、Ti/TiAl为合金基体的铝化物涂层微观结构.涂层的微观结构主要由渗铝工艺、基材成分及后处理工艺等因素决定,渗铝工艺包括渗剂成分、渗铝温度和渗铝时间.在高温下渗铝,Al的活度较低,涂层主要以基体元素向外扩散形成外扩散型涂层为主;在低温下渗铝,Al的活度较高,涂层主要以Al向内扩散形成内扩散型涂层为主.还归纳了不同渗铝涂层在干燥空气和水蒸气环境中的高温氧化行为,阐述了水蒸气对铝化物涂层高温氧化行为的影响,比较了Ni-Al系和Fe-Al系涂层的抗高温氧化性能.同时介绍了Cr-Al、Si-Al和Pt-Al 3种改性铝化物涂层的研究进展,包括制备方法、微观结构及抗高温氧化和腐蚀性能.最后,展望并总结了高温防护涂层的发展趋势.     

地面重型燃气轮机及其热障涂层的研究进展与发展趋势

国际公认的重型燃气轮机制造尖端技术之一—热障涂层技术,高温下通常面临CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂)腐蚀、氧化、相变与烧结等问题,其抗CMAS腐蚀性等关键性能极大地影响涂层寿命,提高热障涂层的性能刻不容缓。对重型燃气轮机用热障涂层的研究进展与发展趋势进行全面总结与分析。首先介绍国内外重型燃气轮机的现状及发展趋势、热障涂层的系统结构、材料和几种典型的制备工艺,然后针对高温下燃气轮机热障涂层遇到的一些问题,对其隔热性、抗氧化性及抗热震性等关键性能的研究进展进行综述,最后分类详述热障涂层的CMAS腐蚀机理及其防护研究进展。综述热障涂层的几种关键性能,提出热障涂层的性能与其材料、结构及制备工艺密切相关,据此总结归纳提高热障涂层性能的方法,为热障涂层性能的提高提供参考依据,以弥补燃气轮机热障涂层领域目前缺乏这类综述文章的不足。     

6061铝合金表面新型黄色微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备与表征

目的 研究6061铝合金表面新型微弧氧化黄色陶瓷层的制备工艺,并对其微观结构、成分、硬度、耐蚀性能等进行表征。方法 在以Na2SiO3为基础的电解液中加入Na2SnO3进行微弧氧化处理,制备出黄色微弧氧化陶瓷层,并与传统白色、黄色、黑色微弧氧化陶瓷层作对比。采用SEM和EDS分析膜层表面形貌和元素分布,借用XPS对膜层进行成分表征,使用硬度计测试其表面硬度,采用电化学工作站和人造海水腐蚀实验评价陶瓷层的抗腐蚀性能。结果 随着电解液中Na2SnO3浓度的增加,陶瓷层中Sn元素含量增加,Si元素含量减少,陶瓷层黄色饱和度不断增强。黄色含Sn陶瓷层制备过程中,电解液中的SnO32-在高温高压下转化为SnO2,导致陶瓷层硬度达到365HV,高于白色与黑色陶瓷层。在3.5% NaCl溶液中进行电化学测试,黄色含Sn陶瓷层的腐蚀电流密度与腐蚀电位分别为9.34×10-9 A/cm2和-0.34 V,耐蚀性优于白色和黄色含Mn陶瓷层。结论 在电解液中添加Na2SnO3可在铝合金表面生成具有较高硬度和耐蚀性能良好的类似沙漠黄色的陶瓷层,为铝及其合金在多领域的应用奠定了一定的实验基础。     

微弧氧化增强镁合金钼酸盐转化膜层的制备

目的提高钼酸盐转化膜的耐腐蚀性能,制备微弧氧化增强的钼酸盐膜层。方法采用化学转化法和微弧氧化法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备钼酸盐转化膜、微弧氧化膜和微弧氧化增强的钼酸盐膜层,研究了膜层的电化学行为和腐蚀失重情况,利用SEM、EDS、XRD和激光共聚焦显微镜对膜层的表面形貌、元素组成、物相组成和粗糙度进行分析。结果 XRD分析表明,钼酸盐膜层经过微弧氧化处理后,所得膜层较微弧氧化膜层多出新相MoSi_2。钼酸盐转化膜层经过微弧氧化处理后,相比于微弧氧化膜层,表面变得平整光滑,孔洞微粒变小,粗糙度降低。钼酸盐转化膜经过微弧氧化处理后,在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡48 h,膜层失重最低。通过电化学测试,微弧氧化增强钼酸盐膜层的腐蚀电位较钼酸盐转化膜的腐蚀电位正移0.643 V,较微弧氧化膜的腐蚀电位正移0.419 V,腐蚀电流密度较钼酸盐转化膜降低了3个数量级,较微弧氧化膜降低了1个数量级。结论钼酸盐转化膜经过微弧氧化处理后,膜层的耐腐蚀性能优于钼酸盐转化膜和微弧氧化膜,使镁合金的应用前景有所提高。