等离子喷涂过程中纳米粒子生长分析

为了研究等离子喷涂过程中纳米粒子的生长情况,从而为喷涂工艺参数优化提供参考,在B rook晶粒生长经典理论基础上,计算了等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3粉末过程中纳米粒子尺寸变化,分析了不同温度历程及纳米粒子初始尺寸对其生长的影响.同时,对纳米团聚体粉末进行等离子喷涂试验.结果表明,纳米结构涂层是由一定比例完全熔化...     

等离子喷涂纳米复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构及其形成机理

以Al2O3-13%TiO2(质量分数)团聚体复合陶瓷粉末为材料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,讨论涂层的微观组织形成机理.结果表明:纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成;根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为液相烧结区(亚微米Al2O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构)和固相烧结区(经过一定程度长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子);等离子喷涂使部分α-Al2O3以及全部θ-Al2O3转变为亚稳态γ-Al2O3;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层中的完全熔化区、液相烧结区及固相烧结区分别由等离子喷涂过程中纳米团聚体粉末中温度高于Al2O3熔点、介于TiO2熔点到Al2O3熔点之间以及低于TiO2熔点区域沉积获得,纳米结构涂层中不同部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中Al2O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13TiO2陶瓷涂层研究

以常规和纳米团聚体Al2O3-13TiO2(ω/%,下同)复合陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备常规和纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,同时对纳米结构涂层的微观组织形成机制进行了讨论.结果表明:常规复合陶瓷涂层呈典型的等离子喷涂层状堆积特征;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成.根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为亚微米A12O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构的液相烧结区和经过一定长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子的固相烧结区,不同的部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中A12O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,不管是常规还是纳米涂层都以亚稳相γ-A12O3为主.     

等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末热力耦合的有限元数值模拟

采用有限元软件中的间接热力耦合方法,建立等离子喷涂纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3(质量分数)粉末热力耦合有限元模型,对喷涂过程中粉末的热应力进行研究,分析粉末直径和喷嘴出口处等离子焰流温度对粉末应力的影响。同时进行相应的等离子喷涂试验,并从理论上分析喷涂过程中粉末破碎的原因及破碎机理。结果表明:在等离子喷涂过程中,粉末中心存在较大的拉压力,随着粉末飞行时间的增加,粉末中心拉应力先增加后减小;粉末直径越大,粉末中心最大拉应力越大,出现最大拉应力的时间越晚;喷嘴出口处等离子体温度越高,粉末中心的最大拉应力也越大,而出现最大拉应力的时间没有明显差别;等离子喷涂纳米涂层的表面有3类组织,单个或少量纳米粒子团、以亚微米级尺度为主的小球以及较大尺度的不规则体;这3类组织是由等离子喷涂过程中纳米团聚体粉末内部较大的拉应力而引起粉末破碎形成的,其破碎形式与爆炸破碎机理相符。     

喷涂用MoSi2粉末的制备及其在等离子弧中的熔化特性

采用喷雾干燥和真空烧结技术制备MoSi2团聚颗粒,以MoSi2团聚粉末为原料,通过大气等离子喷涂法制备二硅化钼涂层,借助XRD、扫描电镜及能谱对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化特性和涂层的组织结构进行研究.结果表明:团聚粉末在1200℃真空热处理1 h后,粉末的流动性和松装密度分别提高55.6%和42.0%,适合等离子喷涂用.MoSi2颗粒经过高温等离子焰流后,粉末熔化充分,大多数团聚体粉末发生烧结过程,颗粒的平均粒度减小,形成较致密的球形颗粒.在喷涂过程中,部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h)或氧化形成了少量的Mo<,5>Si3相,涂层中的富钼相呈"网状"组织结构.     

材料结构与制备工艺对热障涂层显微组织的影响

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂+激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构热障涂层。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了粉末结构及制备工艺对涂层显微组织的影响。结果表明:用常规等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层为典型的层状堆积特征;而用等离子喷涂法制备的纳米结构涂层则由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区组成,呈两相结构。由于受到激光功率、能量密度、激光作用区温度场分布、陶瓷导热系数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,经激光重熔后,涂层呈现出明显的分层结构特征:上部为致密的柱状晶重熔区,下部为残余等离子喷涂区。由于激光重熔纳米结构涂层重熔区中残余纳米粒子的增韧作用,其晶界强度较高,从而导致断口有相当数量的穿晶断裂,而激光重熔常规涂层重熔区的断口基本是沿晶断裂。     

特征喷涂参数对等离子喷涂纳米 Al2 O3 -13%TiO2涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响

目的研究等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的特征喷涂参数(CPSP)对涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响,探索更合理的等离子喷涂工艺参数。方法采用等离子喷涂,在Q235钢表面制备过渡层为NiCrAl、陶瓷层为纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的涂层系统。对涂层试样进行高温和常温磨损性能测试,并对比分析喷涂粉末、涂层的微观结构和相组成。结果纳米涂层为微观双模结构,由部分熔化区和完全熔化区组成,存在裂纹、孔隙等缺陷,其主要物相为α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3和rutile-TiO2。纳米涂层磨损失效的主要原因是内部板条的分层剥落和涂层表面材料的塑性变形切削。结论随着CPSP的增大,纳米涂层的耐磨性能增强,且高温磨损性能较室温磨损性能为差。纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层微观结构中部分熔化区结构和纳米晶粒的存在显著提高了涂层的耐磨性。     

纳米Al_2O_3-13％TiO_2粉末及其等离子喷涂涂层的相变

将商用纳米Al_2O_3与TiO_2粉末混合制浆,通过喷雾造粒技术重构成大颗粒纳米Al_2O_3-13％T102团聚粉体,然后采用不同加热温度进行烧结,制备用于热喷涂的纳米喂料。采用等离子喷涂技术沉积形成纳米涂层。利用XRD和SEM对纳米粉末和涂层的形貌、显微结构和晶相进行表征。结果表明,在烧结过程中纳米氧化铝没有发生相变,而纳米氧化钛则由锐钛矿相转变为金红石相;在等离子喷涂过程中,部分a—Al_2O_3发生熔化转变为y—Al_2O_3,且转变量与喷涂工艺参数有关;而TiO_2相只在较低喷涂工艺参数下存在衍射峰,在较高喷涂工艺参数下则以z—A1203＂Ti02固溶体存在;涂层在热处理过程中会发生y．A1203向a—A1203的转变,且有Ti02相析出。     

等离子喷涂和激光熔覆热障涂层隔热性能比较

采用多种方法制备不同类型的Al2O3-13％TiO2热障涂层,即等离子喷涂常规涂层、纳米结构涂层及激光熔覆纳米结构涂层．在分析三类涂层微观组织的基础上,对其隔热性能进行了比较．结果表明,即等离子喷涂常规陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,纳米结构涂层都为特殊的两相结构,其中部分熔化区由类似的残留纳米粒子组成,等离子喷涂纳米结构涂层的完全熔化区为片层状结构,而相应的激光熔覆涂层的完全熔化区则为细小等轴晶．在相同条件下,等离子喷涂纳米结构热障涂层具有最好的隔热性能,而激光熔覆纳米结构涂层的隔热性能要好于等离子喷涂常规涂层．     

等离子喷涂纳米团聚体粉末的熔化特性研究

纳米陶瓷粉末(CYZ:ZrO2-4.5wt%Y2O3-25wt?O2和YSZ:ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3)经过团聚后,采用等离子喷涂(APS)方法在GH30高温合金表面制备热障涂层(TBC).用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射显微镜(FESEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对团聚体粉末在等离子焰流中的熔化情况、制备的涂层组织结构进行了分析研究.结果表明:团聚后的球形粉末经过等离子弧后对于较大的团聚体颗粒只是表层约1μm被熔化,颗粒内部仍保持原始粉末的纳米结构;制备的涂层主要由熔化结晶部分和未熔化的纳米粒子构成,熔化结晶部分晶粒尺寸为60～80nm,大于原始粉末尺寸;CYZ涂层组成相为稳定的t相和c相,涂层中分布有大量的微裂纹和闭合的孔隙;两种涂层的孔隙率分别为6.2%和7.6%.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis