铜合金在3.5%NaCl＋S^2—溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为

测定了ＨＡｌ７７－２铝黄铜，ＢＦｅ３０－１－１白铜在３．５％ＮａＣｌ和３．５％ＮａＣｌ＋Ｓ＾２－溶液中的腐蚀速率，腐蚀磨损率和电化学行为；观察了腐蚀磨损后铜合金的微观形貌。研究了腐蚀后样品的表层性能。实验结果表明，Ｓ＾２－的存在加速了铜合金的腐蚀，腐蚀磨损，使Ｅｃｏｒｒ明显负移，ｉｃｏｒｒ增加；硫离子对铜合金腐蚀磨损的加速作用与腐蚀磨损过程中的硫致脆性有关。     

Cu-Cr合金在3.5%NaCl+NH3溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过金相、X射线衍射及扫描电镜(SEM／EDX)，结合电化学测试手段，研究了Cu-Cr合金在3．5％NaCl NH3溶液中的腐蚀行为，并探讨了NH3浓度对其腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：Cu-Cr合金中铜相较铬相易腐蚀，其腐蚀速率随NH3浓度的增加而增大。     

NH3��CuBiAl�Ͻ���3��5%NaCl��Һ�еĸ�ʴ���ܵ�Ӱ��

 通过金相、X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电镜(SEM/EDX),结合电化学测试手段研究了CuBiAl合金在35% NaCl +NH3溶液中的腐蚀行为,并探讨了NH3对CuBiAl合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：NH3能使合金的腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流增加,加速了合金的腐蚀,且合金的腐蚀速率随NH3浓度的增加而增大。     

304不锈钢在NaCl-(NH4)2SO4-NH4Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为

用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗方法，研究了对304不锈钢（304SS）在3％NaCl和NaCl-（NH4）2SO4-NH4Cl混合溶液中的腐蚀行为．结果表明，在混合溶液中浸泡750h后，304SS仍然保持良好的钝化状态，其平均腐蚀电流密度为0．056mA／cm^2．根据交流阻抗研究结果，不锈钢在3％NaCl溶液中，主要表现出裸金属表面的点蚀和形成一定程度的钝化膜的特征，在2．0g／LNaCl、0．67g／L（NH4）2sSO4、2．3g／LNH4Cl混合溶液中，不锈钢表面形成稳定致密的钝化膜的典型特征．此钝化膜的电阻远小于腐蚀反应极化电阻．即使在形成良好的钝化膜的情况下，不锈钢所表现出的优良的抗腐蚀性能主要是由于金属表面活性点的钝化，而非钝化膜对离子导电或者对反应物／产物的扩散过程的阻隔作用．     

在NH3＋H2和CH4＋NH3混合气体中加热W＋C和WO3＋C混合粉末合成新型W（C，N）粉末

我们已经发现在1523－1773K下于高压氮气（10－160MPa）中加热W＋C混合粉末可以合成新型的含（11－20）at%N的W（C，N）粉末，在工作中，试验了在常压的NH3＋H2混合气体中加热W＋C及WO3＋C混合粉末（方法1）和在常压的CH4＋NH3混合气体中加热W粉（方法2）合成W（C，N）粉末，试验主要是在1573K下加热3.6ks进行的。本试验是根据通常概念为基础的，即由NH3和CH4分别分解形成的N和C原子的反应性和活性分别比N2和固体碳的高，发现用方法1和2获得的产品是氮含量分别为3at%和５at%的Ｗ（Ｃ，Ｎ），用实验研究了在钨粉的碳氮化过程中ＮＨ３和ＣＨ４的作用，这是在分别与Ｎ２和固态碳相比较的情况下进行的。     

稀土铝黄铜合金在NaCl+NH4Cl腐蚀液中的腐蚀行为

利用失重法、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜与能谱分析等手段研究了Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-B-Ce合金在自来水和去离子水配置的NaCl(35g/L)+NH4Cl(26.75g/L)腐蚀液中的耐腐蚀性能及其腐蚀行为。结果表明:该合金在溶液中的腐蚀产物均主要为稀土氧化物(Ce4O7)、铜的碱式氯化物(Cu(OH)Cl)和铜氨络合物的水合物(Cu(OH)2NH3.H2O);在去离子水溶液中合金的腐蚀速率为1.60×10-3mm/a,在自来水溶液中的腐蚀速率达到了7.51×10-2mm/a;合金在两种腐蚀液中均有沿晶界腐蚀现象,合金在自来水溶液中的腐蚀产物厚度10~20μm,远大于合金在去离子水中的腐蚀产物厚度1μm左右,且经去离子水溶液腐蚀后的合金表面比经自来水溶液腐蚀后的平滑。     

我国若干典型大气环境中的锌腐蚀

通过锌在沈阳、江津和青岛的大气暴露试验，研究了 锌在这三种典型环境中的大气腐蚀规律.采用浸渍干燥湿润复合循环试验模拟大气腐蚀过程，研究了锌在 (NH4)2SO4、(NH4)2SO4+NaCl、(NH4)2SO4+NaHSO3和(NH4)2SO4+NaHSO3+NaCl介质中的腐蚀规律.试验结果表明在：大气暴露试验和室内模拟加速腐蚀试验中，锌的腐蚀产物都没有起到阻滞腐蚀的作用，腐蚀规律可用ΔW=Kt公式描述.采用10-2mol/L (NH4)2SO4+10-2mol/L NaHSO3或者再+10-2mol/L NaCl介质为加速剂,通过干湿复合循环试验,可模拟锌在沈阳和江津大气环境中的腐蚀，推测户外长期暴露试验的结果.     

NH4^+和NO3^-对纯锌在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用质量损失实验、电化学测试以及扫描电镜(SEM)、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)等研究了NH4^+与NO-3对纯锌(Zn≥99.99%)在NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:在NH4^+-NO3^-Cl^-体系中,NH4^+对促进锌的腐蚀起主导作用;NO-3的存在可显著加速样品在溶液中的电化学阴极反应,同时导致样品金属表面腐蚀形态发生改变,局部腐蚀坑趋向横向扩张生长。另外,在一定浸泡时间周期内,样品金属的腐蚀速度与NH4NO3浓度呈正相关。     

含稀土HAl77-2铝黄铜的腐蚀行为

通过测定3种不同成分的铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液和NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的腐蚀速率、电化学行为分析,以及对腐蚀产物层进行SEM观察和XRD分析,研究了铝黄铜的腐蚀行为。结果表明：添加Ce可以降低铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中极化时的自腐蚀电流密度;含Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-B-Ce在NaCl（3.5%）溶液中腐蚀后腐蚀产物层表现出最佳的腐蚀形貌和耐腐蚀性能,而添加稀土并不能改善铝黄铜在NaCl（3.5%）＋NH4Cl（0.5 mol/L）溶液中的耐腐蚀性能;联合添加As和Ce的Cu-Zn-Al-Ni-As-B-Ce在这2种介质中的耐腐蚀性能反而下降。     

碳钢在液/固双相管流中磨损腐蚀的电化学行为

利用自行研制的管流动态模拟试验装置，研究了碳钢在液／固双相流中的磨损腐蚀．结果表明：碳钢在含有5％河砂的双相流动3．5％NaCl溶液中。磨损腐蚀速度随流速的增加而显著增大。没有像单相流中出现磨损腐蚀速度显著降低的流速区段，其磨损腐蚀过程仍主要受阴极氧扩散控制．对碳钢施加阴极电流，由于抑制了腐蚀电化学因素，从而大幅度削弱了与流体力学因素间的协同效应，使碳钢的磨损腐蚀大大减轻。     

不同环境下AlSiFeMm非晶纳米晶涂层摩擦磨损行为研究

目的研究AlSiFeMm(Mm为镍包混合稀土)非晶纳米晶涂层在干摩擦和3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦磨损行为。方法采用Rtec(MFT-3000)往复式磨损试验机测试涂层在干摩擦条件和有腐蚀介质条件下的摩擦磨损性能,使用LEXTOL3000-IR非接触三维表面轮廓仪测定涂层的磨损体积和磨痕的三维形貌,利用扫描电子显微镜对磨痕进行形貌观察和成分分析。结果铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而不断减小。干摩擦条件下,铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而增大,当磨损速度为10 mm/s、载荷为15 N时,涂层相对耐磨性为6061铝合金的2.5倍,其磨损机制为脆性剥落、磨粒磨损,并伴随氧化磨损。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,当磨损速度为35 mm/s、载荷为30N时,涂层的耐磨性能约为6061铝合金的8倍,其失效机制主要为剥层磨损和腐蚀磨损。结论铝基非晶纳米晶复合涂层在干摩擦和腐蚀介质中均表现出较为优异的耐磨性能,可以作为轻质合金涂层应用于表面防护领域。     

Corrosion wear behavior of Al-bronzes in 3.5% NaCl solution

The corrosion wear behaviors of two aluminum bronzes, Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4, in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated on a pin-on-block reciprocating tester. It was found that the wear loss of the bronzes in 3.5% NaCl solution was lower than that in water and in air, i.e., it exhibited “negative” synergy between corrosion and wear. To understand the corrosion wear mechanism of the bronzes, the corrosion rate and polarization curves of Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4 in 3.5% NaCl solution were determined. The worn surfaces of the specimens were examined, and the wear tracks were measured using scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion patinas formed on the specimen surfaces were studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis. The corrosive solution was shown to play an important role in cooling of the specimen surfaces during the wear, thus preventing the specimen’s surface hardness from being reducing, induced by frictional heat during the sliding wear. On the other hand, the bronzes suffered from dealloying corrosion; a noble copper subsurface and patina formed on the specimen surface in the corrosive solution, which had a passive function for further corrosion. The noble copper subsurface experienced strain hardening during the corrosion wear, resulting in an increase of the surface hardness and thus an increase in wear resistance.     

NiCrBSiMo激光熔覆层腐蚀磨损交互作用的定量分析

采用CO2激光器在45CrNi钢表面制备了5种不同钼含量的镍基合金激光熔覆层,借助球盘式摩擦磨损试验机对NiCrBSiMo激光熔覆层的腐蚀磨损性能进行了测试并对腐蚀磨损的交互作用进行了定量分析.结果表明,镍基合金中加入钼,可以提高熔覆层的腐蚀磨损性能.熔覆层因腐蚀磨损导致的材料失重主要归因于纯磨损和腐蚀磨损的交互作用.交互作用引起的失重约占总失重的24%～56%,纯腐蚀引起的失重可忽略不计.腐蚀磨损中的磨损失重是纯磨损失重的1.3～2.3倍,磨损增量超过交互作用总量的99%;腐蚀磨损中的腐蚀失重是静态腐蚀失重的1.4～2.7倍,但其量很小.     

Cu-Cr合金在3.5%NaCl NH_3溶液中的腐蚀行为

通过金相、X射线衍射及扫描电镜 (SEM /EDX) ,结合电化学测试手段 ,研究了Cu Cr合金在 3 5 %NaCl NH3 溶液中的腐蚀行为 ,并探讨了NH3 浓度对其腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明 :Cu Cr合金中铜相较铬相易腐蚀 ,其腐蚀速率随NH3 浓度的增加而增大。     

Corrosion and wear behaviors of Al-bronzes in 5.0% H2SO4 solution

Steady-state corrosion and wear behaviors of two Al-bronzes, Cu-14Al-X and QAl9-4, in 5.0% H2SO4 solution were investigated. It is found that wear loss of bronzes in 5.0% H2SO4 solution is lower than that in water or in air, namely, it exhibits negative synergy between corrosion and wear. Further analysis shows that corrosive solution plays an important role in cooling of specimen during the sliding wear to prevent the reduction of the surface hardness of specimen, induced by frictional heat. On the other hand, the bronzes suffer a de-alloying corrosion, and a noble copper subsurface and patina form on the specimen surface in corrosive solution, which has a passive function for further corrosion. The noble copper subsurface experiences strain hardening during the corrosion and wear, resulting in the increase of the surface hardness thus the increase in wear resistance.     

Wear Behavior and Mechanism of H13 Steel in Different Environmental Media

Sliding wear tests were performed for H13 steel in atmosphere, distilled water, 3.5% NaCl, and 5% NaOH water solutions under various loads on a pin-on-disk wear tester. The results showed that for different environmental media, the wear rate of H13 steel in atmosphere was the maximum and that in 3.5% NaCl solution was the minimum. The maximum wear rate in atmosphere was caused by a larger quantity of heat produced in the friction process. In this case, the adhesive wear prevailed. In three wet environments, the mild wear prevailed due to the good lubrication and cooling capacity of media as well as corrosion product film on worn surface. In distilled water, the wear mechanism was a typical fatigue wear. On the other hand, in 3.5% NaCl and 5% NaOH solutions, corrosive wear prevailed. The minimum wear rate in 3.5% NaCl solution was attributed to the protective function of corrosion product film. On the contrary, noncompact corrosion product film in 5% NaOH solution resulted in higher wear rate.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法检测了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 对AZ31镁合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为影响的规律, 用扫描电镜观察表面腐蚀产物膜的形貌并分析其组成. 结果表明, 当NaCl溶液中加入2000~3500 mg/L CTAB时, 镁合金的腐蚀速率降低, 且CTAB浓度为3500 mg/L时, 镁合金的腐蚀速率最低. 这主要是因为CTAB在镁合金表面发生吸附, 使阳极溶解过程受阻, 同时, CTAB减少了腐蚀产物膜内的微观缺陷数量, 减少了腐蚀介质的渗入通道, 增大了电荷转移阻力, 从而使镁合金的耐蚀性得到改善.。     

Effects of Pb and Cu additives on microstructure and wear corrosion resistance behaviour of PM Al–Si alloys

Abstract

The wear and wear corrosion resistance behaviour of Al–20Si–XPb–YCu (X=0–10 wt-%, Y=0–3 wt-%) alloys fabricated by a powder metallurgy (PM) technique and subsequent heat treatments were evaluated by a block on ring tribotest. The microstructure of all aluminium alloys was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The effects of applied potentials and environments including dry air and 3.5 wt-%NaCl aqueous solution were studied. The results of microstructure analysis indicated that Pb exhibited a bimodal distribution in the Pb containing alloys, and Cu particles become to form the intermetallic phase CuAl₂. Furthermore, the hardness rises significantly for both Pb and Cu containing alloys only after solid solution quenching treatment. The wear and corrosion results showed that the addition of both lead and copper would improve the wear resistance but lead to a higher corrosion rate whereas heat treatment had a beneficial effect of reducing the corrosion rate of most alloys with the exception of Al–Si alloy. Furthermore, by comparison of all alloys after heat treatment, the wear corrosion resistance of Al–Si alloy was inferior to the other alloys; consequent additions of Pb and Cu further improved its wear corrosion resistance. Moreover, at an anodic potential, the wear corrosion rate and current density of both Al–Si and Al–Si–Cu alloys containing particle Pb decrease significantly owing to a corrosion product layer composed of Al, O and Pb elements.