The synthesis of novel ZnO microcrystals through a simple solvothermal method and their optical properties

ZnO microcrystals with novel structures have been synthesized by a solvothermal method that is facile, low-cost and environment-friendly. Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O is the only precursor and absolute ethanol is the solvent. By controlling the reaction time, temperature and molarity of zinc nitrate, ZnO entities with the shape of flower, nut, hexagon-pillar, popcorn, brush and sphere can be synthesized in high selectivity. The ZnO micronuts (length ∼8 μm and width ∼5 μm) are uniform in morphology, displaying an open gap on the surface that divides the body into two. The investigation on the optical properties of the ZnO microcrystals reveals that all the ZnO samples exhibit an excitonic absorption edge around 376 nm, and compared to bulk ZnO, there is a modest red shift of ∼6 nm that can be ascribed to size effect as well as the unique morphologies of the ZnO microcrystals.     

Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12纳米管的制备工艺研究

研究了一种Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT)铁电存储材料纳米管的简单有效合成方法。通过阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)辅助溶胶凝胶法,合成了BLT纳米管。其基本过程是以次硝酸铋、硝酸镧和钛酸四丁酯为原料,以冰醋酸和乙二醇甲醚为溶剂配制BLT溶胶,然后将BLT溶胶滴在AAO模板表面,浸润后烘干并反复多次,而后将材料在500 ℃下保温1 h,除去有机物,最后在750 ℃下保温30 min晶化,用KOH腐蚀去除氧化铝模板,即得到BLT纳米管。结果表明,BLT纳米管具有[117]择优取向;BLT纳米管管壁光滑,直径与模板孔径相当,约300 nm,且分布均匀,管壁厚度约25 nm,纳米管是多晶体,由粒径为8~12 nm晶粒组成     

三维形貌ZnO一维纳米结构的微波水热合成、机理及性能研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,采用微波水热法成功合成了具有三维形貌的单晶ZnO一维纳米结构。采用XRD、SEM及紫外-可见光谱分析等手段对ZnO纳米结构及性能进行了表征;探讨了ZnO复杂纳米结构的形成机理。结果表明:在不同工艺条件下可分别合成ZnO纳米棒、纳米线、纳米推进器、纳米蒲公英及纳米纺锤等结构;微波在合成复杂ZnO纳米结构中起非常重要的作用;纳米ZnO紫外-可见光谱吸收带边出现红移现象。该法没有引入任何金属催化剂、模板或者表面活性剂,从而避免了去除残余添加剂的后续复杂工序。另外,与传统水热法相比,该法可以显著减少反应时间和降低反应温度。     

Solution-based synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle/CdS nanowire heterostructure

The heterostructure of ZnO nanoparticle (NP)/CdS nanowire (NW) was successfully fabricated by a two-step chemical solution method. The first, CdS nanowires were synthesized by a simple solvothermal route. The second, ZnO nanoparticles were grown on the surface of CdS nanowires in a chemical solution of Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and anhydrous ethanol at 200 °C. The heterostructure of synthesized ZnO NP/CdS NW was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of reaction conditions, such as different reaction time of CdS nanowires synthesized and deposition reaction time were investigated. Moreover, the formation mechanism of the ZnO NP/CdS NW heterostructure has been phenomenologically discussed.     

Synthesis of GaN nanorods on Si substrates with assistance of the volatilization of ZnO middle layers

GaN nanorods have successfully been synthesized on Si(111) substrates via ammoniating ZnO/Ga2O3 films at 950℃. Ga2O3 thin films and ZnO middle layers were deposited in turn on Si(111) substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering system. ZnO volatilized at 950℃ in the ammonia ambience and Ga2O3 reacted to NH3 to fabricate GaN nanorods in the later ammoniating process. The volatilization of ZnO layers played an important role in the fabrication. The structure and composition of the GaN nanorods were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The orphology ofGaN nanorods was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The analyses of measured results revealed that GaN nanorods with hexagonal wurtzite stxucture were prepared by this method.     

铝合金表面ZnO/Y2O3/Al2O3微弧氧化涂层的制备及其热控性能研究

目的 改善铝合金表面热控性能。方法 通过微弧氧化技术，采用六水合硝酸钇(Y(NO3)3.6H2O)为稀土改性剂，在铝合金表面原位构筑ZnO/Y2O3/Al2O3微弧氧化涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和扫描电子显微镜，分析涂层晶体结构、化学组成和表面形貌;利用红外发射率仪和紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计分别测量涂层的发射率与太阳吸收率，进而探究涂层热控性能及其影响因素。结果 实验表明，钇源的用量能够显著影响涂层结构和热控性能，当钇源质量浓度为6 g/L时，所得ZnO/Y2O3/Al2O3涂层的红外发射率为0.859，太阳吸收率为0.405，具有最低吸辐比0.471，显示出优异的热控性能。结论 原位构筑稀土元素Y改性的微弧氧化涂层可有效提高铝合金表面的热控性能。这得益于微弧氧化过程中所生成的Y2O3，它可有效调控涂层的形貌、粗糙度和厚度。此外，由于Y2O3具有较大的禁带宽度，可降低微弧氧化涂层中ZnO在高能紫外光波段的吸收。     

Growth of nitrogen-doped p-type ZnO thin films prepared by atomic layer epitaxy

Nitrogen-doped, p-type ZnO thin films were grown successfully on sapphire (0001) substrates by using atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). Zn(C2H5)2[Diethylzinc,DEZn], H2O and NH3 were used as a zinc precursor, an oxidant and a doping source gas, respectively. The lowest electrical resistivity of the p-type ZnO films grown by ALE and annealed at 1000 ℃ in an oxygen atmosphere for 1 h was 18.3 Ω·m with a hole concentration of 3.71×1017cm-3 . Low temperature-photoluminescence analysis and time-dependent Hall measurement results support that the nitrogen-doped ZnO after annealing is ap-type semiconductor.     

Influences of dehydrating process on properties of ATO nano-powders

1　INTRODUCTIONCrystallineSbdopedtinoxide (ATO) ,cassiteritestructure ,isawidebandgapn typesemiconductor.Be causeofitsopticalproperty (transparentforvisiblelightandreflectiveforIR )andelectroconductibility ,goodchemicalandmechanicalstability ,ithasmanyapplica tions,suchastransparentconductiveelectrodes ,photo voltaicdevices ,photosensors ,catalyst,antistaticcoatingsandelectrochromicmaterials[14 ] .AvarietyoftechniqueshavebeenusedtoprepareATOsuperfinepowders ,someinvolvedryprocesses ,ot…     

退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒形貌及气敏性能的影响（英文）

研究水热合成氧化锌纳米棒的高温热稳定性。采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对氧化锌纳米棒的结构与形貌进行表征。采用热重分析研究氧化锌纳米棒在热处理过程中的失重情况。结果表明:在退火温度低于400°C时,氧化锌纳米棒具有较好的热稳定性。当退火温度超过600°C时,氧化锌纳米棒的长径比明显降低并且纳米棒的团聚趋势加剧。退火处理对氧化锌纳米棒的气敏性能具有显著影响。与未经退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒相比,经历400°C退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对浓度为25×10-6的H2灵敏度可以从2.22提高至3.56。经历400°C热退火处理的氧化锌纳米棒对H2表现出最优的气敏性能。     

免水洗常温热镀锌表面磷化技术研究

以磷酸、氧化锌、磷酸二氢锰、钼酸铵和硝酸钙等为原料,通过正交试验等方法开发了一种磷化后免水洗的常温热镀锌表面磷化液。研究了磷化液的pH值、磷化温度、磷化时间以及自干时间等对磷化膜质量的影响。结果表明:磷化液pH值为2.6～3.3,在5～40℃浸渍磷化7～10min,自然干燥3h可获得磷化后工件免水洗的磷化膜。磷化膜的耐蚀时间超过50s,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后的漆膜附着力达1级。     

电镀防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性

防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性比锌镀层钝化膜提高２－４倍。ＸＰＳ及ＡＥＳ分析表明,合金镀层钝化膜与锌镀层钝化膜均由ＣｒＯ３、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２、ＺｎＯ及Ｈ２Ｏ等组成,并且ＣｒＯ３／Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的相对含量和Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２／ＺｎＯ相对含量也基本相同,它们的区别在于,合金镀层钝化膜中总铬量较高,膜层完整、致密,镀层／钝化膜界面存在铁系金属的富集层,这是锌基合金镀层钝化膜具有高耐蚀性的主要原因。     

Y2Cu2O5光催化剂的制备及模拟太阳光催化产氢

分别用固相法和液相法制备Y2Cu2O5光催化剂,利用热重差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对光催化剂进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射条件下,以草酸(H2C2O4)为牺牲剂对所制得的光催化剂制氢性能进行评价,考察制备方法和牺牲剂类型等因素对其产氢性能的影响以及光催化剂的稳定性能。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法所得样品中含有Y2O3杂质,为Y2Cu2O5与Y2O3的混合物;固相法所得样品为纯净的Y2Cu2O5,具备较高的光催化产氢活性。用固相法制备的光催化剂Y2Cu2O5,当其用量为0.8 g/L、草酸为牺牲剂且初始浓度为0.05 mol/L时,表现出最佳光催化产氢活性,其产氢量为3.78mmol/(h.g)。但Y2Cu2O5在草酸溶液中不稳定,会与草酸反应生成Y2(C2O4)3.2H2O,导致产氢活性降低。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of Zn4SO4(OH)6·5H2O and its application as anode material for nickel/zinc batteries

The anode material Zn4SO4 (OH)6 · 5H2O for nickle/zinc batteries was synthesized by hydrothermal method and was identified by XRD techniques. TG/DAT measurements reveal that the products lose lattice water at 145 ℃ and decompose to 3ZnO · ZnSO4 at 274 ℃. Cyclic voltammetry and recharging/discharging results show thatCV curves have good symmetry, the ratio of oxidation area to reduction area for each curve is about 1, and the peak potential EPa and EPc have little change with the scanning rate. At 50th circle, more than 65 % of theoretical capacity is obtained while at the same condition, zinc oxide electrode only remains 35% of theoretical capacity.     

水热处理对片组装花型硫酸铝水解产物微观形貌的影响

以水合硫酸铝为原料、尿素为沉淀剂、乙醇水混合液为溶剂,采用水热处理方法制备了块状碱式硫酸铝及花形薄水铝石,利用XRD和SEM等表征手段,探讨了水热温度和水热时间对产物微观形貌的影响,并对其晶体结构和形貌变化的形成机制进行了初步分析.结果表明:水热温度较低或水热处理时间较短时,尿素分解量小,溶液pH值低,且大量乙醇及SO42-的存在阻止了Al3+和OH-的过快成核,有利于形成块状(H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6;随水热温度的提高或水热处理时间的延长,尿素分解量增大,溶液pH值增大,块状碱式硫酸铝在OH-侵蚀作用下发生原位分化,形成片状薄水铝石,最后形成以片组装的花形薄水铝石.煅烧后,氧化铝粉体的微观形貌继承了其前驱体氢氧化铝粉体的微观形貌.     

均匀沉淀法制备LiFePO4/C及其电化学性能

以FeSO4·7H2O、H3PO4、H2O2和尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备LiFePO4的前驱体FePO4·xH2O,研究表面活性剂PEG对前驱体FePO4·xH2O形貌的影响。并将获得的FePO4·xH2O与Li2CO3及葡萄糖混合后合成LiFePO4/C。利用XRD、SEM、循环伏安测试、电化学性能测试、交流阻抗测试等手段对LiFePO4/C进行表征。结果表明:当不添加表面活性剂PEG时,FePO4·xH2O颗粒呈球形,但团聚现象严重;添加PEG后,颗粒较分散,形貌为多面体,合成的LiFePO4/C在0.1C时的首次放电比容量为151.0 mA·h/g,倍率性能好,振实密度达1.44 g/cm3。     

单晶ZnO六棱锥的PEG400辅助热分解合成及其光致发光性能(英文)

将由Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O和Na2CO3通过室温研磨反应获得的前驱体在PEG400存在下于240°C热分解获得大量的ZnO六棱锥产物。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)表征产物的晶体结构和形貌。进一步的实验结果表明:PEG400在ZnO六棱锥形成过程中发挥着重要作用,单六棱锥和双六棱锥的结构差异来自于热分解反应。光致发光谱(PL)测试表明:ZnO六棱锥在386nm处展示强的近带隙发射,在550nm处展示较弱的绿光发射。435cm-1处的拉曼振动表明ZnO六棱锥具有良好的晶体质量。     

纤维锌矿ZnO纳米棒的合成及高选择性酒精传感器的研制

以无机盐做前驱体，采用有机溶液氧化-还原法合成了ZnO纳米棒，对终产物通过XRD、Raman spectrum、SEM和TEM进行结构检测表明，产物为纤维锌矿型结构，呈棒状，直径大约为50～80nm，长度大约为500nm；对材料的气敏性能测试表明，基于该材料制成的气体传感器对酒精有很好的响应和很好的选择性，且响应-恢复迅速。     

ZnO纳米片状晶体的生长及其表征

采用高温碳热还原反应工艺．以氧化锌和碳粉为主要原料，在N2／H2O气氛中制备成功ZnO纳米片状晶体.所制薄片直径在100nm．厚度约50nm.采用场发射扫描电子显做镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电子显做镜（HETEM）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、拉曼（RAMAN）光谱等测试手段对产物进行表征。结果表明产物为ZnO，呈单一六角晶系纤锌矿结构，在相同的反应时间内，提高反应温度可使纳米片生长为六角塔状晶体，证填ZnO纳米片是六角平板状结构。     

CTMAB萃取Au（CN2）2^—体系中盐析剂反常效应

研究了阳离子表面活性剂－萃取剂－惰性稀释剂－Au(CN)2^-体系萃金过程中盐析效应的规律。结果表明盐析剂的加入反而降低了金的萃取率。这说明盐析剂的作用机制与萃合物在负载有机相中的存在状态及结构密切相关。盐析剂的加入降低了水相中水分子的活度,不利于生成有机相中以水分子为桥的CTMA^ ．H2O．TBP缔合大阳离子萃合物。对传统的溶剂萃取盐析效应提出了一些亲的观点。     

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Extracts of Allium sativum,Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum

ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs) were synthesized by chemical method(coprecipitation) and biological method using aqueous extracts of garlic(Allium sativum),rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis) and basil(Ocimum basilicum).The influence of plant extract on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of green synthesized nanoparticles was investigated.The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that all ZnO samples have hexagonal wurtzite structure.The particle size of ZnO NPs estimated by transmission electron microscopy analysis(between 14 and 27 nm) varies depending on the synthesis method of nanoparticles and the type of extracts from the plants used.The functional groups involved in the biosynthetic procedure were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of Mn~(2+)ions,Zn vacancy complexes and oxygen vacancies in ZnO samples was highlighted by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.The green synthesized ZnO NPs have shown a good bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Listeria monocytogenes,Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains.ZnO NPs synthesized using extracts of the selected plant species have been found to exhibit more enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities as compared to chemical ZnO NPs.