不同时效状态新型Al-Cu-Li系合金腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱

通过对新型Al-Cu-Li系合金腐蚀的不同时间的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析,研究了该合金在T6、T8两种状态的腐蚀行为。宏观腐蚀行为和电化学阻抗谱表明,T8态由于时效前的预变形有效地降低了合金的腐蚀敏感性。从未经腐蚀的材料的微观形貌分析了该合金晶界、亚晶界和相关的第二相的分布和形貌进一步解释了两种状态合金腐蚀行为的差异性。T8态存在大量界面,使倾向于在晶界亚晶界形核的T1相在基体中分布较T6态细小,在剥落腐蚀中由腐蚀产物形成的楔形力较小,因此,T8态表现出比T6态更好的抗腐蚀能力。     

Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金局部腐蚀行为的影响

通过晶间腐蚀(IGC)、剥落腐蚀(EXCO)实验及透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析,研究Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:2056铝合金在T6(175℃)时效态下,随着时效时间的延长,其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀敏感性逐渐降低;在T8(155℃)峰时效态和T3(室温)时效态下,合金的抗晶间腐蚀及抗剥落腐蚀性能均有所提高,且在T3态下2056铝合金的抗腐蚀性能最好;在T6峰时效态下,不添加Zn的2056铝合金比添加Zn的2056合金的抗腐蚀性能差。合金发生局部腐蚀与晶界及其附近区域的特征紧密相关,当晶界析出相(S(S′)相)呈链状分布且晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)较宽时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性大;晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越窄,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性越小;当晶界无析出相和PFZ时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性最小。     

时效对含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响

研究了一种含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金在不同时效状态下的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为.结果表明:不同时效温度下峰时效态合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀倾向随着时效温度的升高而增加;在160℃下时效,合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀倾向随着时效时间的延长而增加.含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金在EXCO溶液中进行的极化曲线测试结果也表现出相同的腐蚀趋势.微观组织观察分析表明,T1(Al2CuLi)相和无沉淀析出带(PFZ)是引起合金腐蚀敏感性增加的主要因素.     

时效对含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金腐蚀行为的影响

研究了一种含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金在不同时效状态下的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀行为.结果表明：不同时效温度下峰时效态合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀倾向随着时效温度的升高而增加；在160℃下时效，合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀倾向随着时效时间的延长而增加.含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金在EXCO溶液中进行的极化曲线测试结果也表现出相同的腐蚀趋势.微观组织观察分析表明，T1（Al2CuLi）相和无沉淀析出带（PFZ）是引起合金腐蚀敏感性增加的主要因素.     

2099铝锂合金晶间腐蚀行为与时效制度的相关性

系统研究了2099铝锂合金晶间腐蚀行为与时效制度(T6态150和175℃时效、T8态150℃时效)的相关性,建立了2099铝锂合金腐蚀-时效进程状态图。结果表明,时效过程按腐蚀类型变化可以分为4个阶段。时效早期发生孔蚀或局部晶间腐蚀,欠时效阶段发生全面晶间腐蚀,近峰时效阶段转变为局部晶间腐蚀,过时效阶段以孔蚀为主。欠时效时,细小的晶界析出相连续分布,晶间腐蚀敏感性较高。过时效阶段晶界析出相粗化,并呈不连续分布,抗晶间腐蚀能力提高。时效温度提高,晶界析出相粗化,析出相间距增加,而时效前预变形能够促进析出相均匀弥散形核,抑制晶界无沉淀带形成,因而导致晶间腐蚀欠时效阶段和近峰失效阶段的时效时间范围缩短或消失,提高了抗晶间腐蚀能力。     

低频电磁铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与性能

采用拉伸性能及电导率测试、透射电镜观察、低应变拉伸试验等手段 ,研究了不同时效工艺对低频电磁铸造Al Zn Mg Cu合金组织和性能的影响。发现合金的T6态峰值时效制度为 12 0℃× 4 8h ,T6处理可使合金强度达到峰值 ,但抗应力腐蚀性能差 ;T73处理后合金强度下降了 5 %～ 6 % ,抗应力腐蚀性能大幅度提高 ;而RRA时效 (回归再时效 )处理基本保持了T6态的强度 ,且抗应力腐蚀性能接近T73态。微观组织分析表明 ,不同时效制度下合金性能的差异主要是由晶内和晶界析出相的大小、形貌及其分布状态决定的。T73和RRA时效处理改善了合金晶界特性 ,有助于阻止氢脆、减缓晶界阳极溶解速度 ,提高合金的抗应力腐蚀能力     

2050铝锂合金薄板拉伸性能及晶间腐蚀与时效的相关性

采用拉伸性能测试、浸泡腐蚀及透射电镜(TEM)观察,研究了2050铝锂合金薄板T6及T8态时效时后的拉伸性能、晶间腐蚀(IGC)及微观组织。结果表明,T8态时效2050铝锂合金强度及伸长率均明显高于T6态时效。T6及T8态时效时,合金IGC敏感性随时效延长至峰时效阶段而逐渐降低;进一步延长至过时效阶段,IGC敏感性有所增加。另外,T8态时效时IGC敏感性明显低于T6态时效。基于提高强度、伸长率及降低IGC敏感性的综合考虑,2050铝锂合金薄板适宜的时效制度为T8态峰值时效,相应合金具有最高的强度(抗拉强度529 MPa)、良好的伸长率(10%)及最低的IGC敏感性。     

固溶+时效态Al-8Zn-2.5Mg-1.5Cu(-0.15Y)合金的室温和低温拉伸性能

通过在室温和-20℃下进行拉伸试验,主要研究了时效时间对Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu(-0. 15Y)合金室温和低温拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明,添加0. 15%的元素Y可以有效提高固溶+时效(T6)态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu合金室温及低温下的抗拉强度和屈服强度。在5～30 h时效时间内,随时效时间的延长,T6态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu(-0. 15Y)合金的抗拉强度屈服强度先上升后下降,断后伸长率则呈先下降后上升的趋势;与室温下的拉伸性能相比,T6态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu(-0. 15Y)合金在-20℃的抗拉强度和屈服强度较高,而断后伸长率略低。室温拉伸时,T6态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu合金呈现典型的韧性断裂特征,而T6态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu-0. 15Y则呈现韧脆混合断裂特征;当拉伸试验温度为-20℃时,T6态Al-8Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 5Cu(-0. 15Y)合金的断口上均可观察到沿晶断裂特征,表现为韧脆混合断裂。     

时效热处理对建筑铝合金型材组织与性能的影响

采用显微硬度计、拉伸试验机、电导率测试仪、透射电镜、晶间腐蚀和电化学腐蚀等手段,研究了单级时效、双级时效和回归再时效对Al-6. 6Zn-2. 2Mg-2. 0Cu-0. 1Zr合金组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,T6态合金的硬度、抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度高于双级时效态合金;随着回归时间的延长,合金的硬度先增加而后减小、电导率逐渐增加,抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度都呈现单调递减趋势,RRA工艺下试验合金的强度要低于T6态,但是明显高于双级时效态。T6态合金的晶间腐蚀最严重,RRA 175℃×3 h和RRA 195℃×1 h合金的晶间腐蚀较轻且与双级时效态相当,除T6态合金的腐蚀等级为4级外,RRA态和双级时效态合金的腐蚀等级都为3级。RRA 175℃×3 h、RRA 195℃×1 h合金和双级时效态合金的极化曲线相似、腐蚀电位较为接近,且腐蚀电位都较T6态合金发生正向移动,而腐蚀电流密度都明显低于T6态合金; RRA 175℃×3 h、RRA 195℃×1 h合金和双级时效态合金的耐腐蚀性能相当,且都明显高于T6态合金。     

时效对纳米TiC/Ti细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金耐蚀性的影响

采用浸泡腐蚀、极化曲线和应力腐蚀等方法研究时效对纳米TiC/Ti细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,峰时效态和过时效态细化合金在3.5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡192h,腐蚀速率分别为0.756 5mm/a和0.361 3mm/a。峰时效态化合金在NaCl和NaCl+H_2O_2溶液中的应力断裂时间分别为72.2h和50.1h;过时效态为221.2h和80.8h,过时效态合金抗应力腐蚀性能高于峰时效态的。峰时效添加TiC/Ti细化合金后晶界较宽的PFZ(无沉淀析出带)降低其耐蚀性,过时效态晶界不连续且粗大的η相以及较窄的PFZ使合金耐蚀性提高。     

Relationship between heat treatment and corrosion behaviour of Mg-3.0%Nd-0.4%Zr magnesium alloy

The corrosion behaviour of Mg-3.0Nd-0.4Zr （NK30） magnesium alloy was investigated in as-cast （F）, solution treated （T4） and peak-aged （T6） conditions in 5% NaCI solution by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that NK30 alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance in F condition than it does in the other two conditions due to the more compact corrosion film formed on alloy in F condition. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the overpotential of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction on NK30-F is much higher than that on NK30-T4 and NK30-T6. The corrosion potentials of NK30 increase in the following order： F〈T4〈T6. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） also confirm that the corrosion film of NK30-F plays a more protective role than that of NK30-T4 and NK30-T6.     

Investigation of the corrosion for Mg-xGd-3Y-0.4Zr (x = 6, 8, 10, 12 wt%) alloys in a peak-aged condition

The corrosion behaviour of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (GW63K), Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (GW83K), Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (GW103K) and Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (GW123K) were investigated in peak-aged condition using immersion and salt spraying tests and electrochemical measurements in 5% NaCl solution. The corrosion resistances of Mg-xGd-3Y-0.4Zr alloys were found to decrease with the increase of Gd content from 6% to 10% and then increase from 10% to 12%. The corrosion products of Mg-xGd-3Y-0.4Zr alloys were discovered to be composed of voluminous tiny erect flakes by FE-SEM, and the compactness of the corrosion films decreases with the increase of Gd content. The results of AES revealed that the corrosion film is enriched with Gd and Y. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the overpotentials of cathodic hydrogen evolution on GW63K and GW83K are much higher than on GW103K and GW123K. The results of EIS are in good agreement with the morphologies of the corrosion products and the corrosion rates of the corrosion tests.     

时效制度对6156铝合金力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响

通过常规拉伸、慢应变速率拉伸和晶间腐蚀实验研究了T6及双级时效处理对6156铝合金力学性能与腐蚀性能的影响,并采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了析出相特征。结果表明:6156合金在T6欠时效状态下晶内析出相主要为GP区,晶界无明显析出相;T6峰时效晶内析出相主要为β″相,出现少量的Q′相,晶界析出物呈连续分布,合金虽然具有最高强度,但晶间腐蚀严重,应力腐蚀敏感性最大;随时效时间延长,Q′相增多并逐渐粗化,晶界析出物粗大非连续分布;T78时效态晶内析出大量的Q′相,晶界析出相球化且析出相之间的间距增大,呈断续分布,无沉淀析出带(PFZ)变宽,因此相比T6态而言T78状态合金强度损失不大而耐蚀性得到明显提高。     

The effects of heat treatment and zirconium on the corrosion behaviour of Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy

The corrosion behaviours of Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn (wt.%) (NZ) and Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%) (NZK) alloys were investigated in as-cast (F), solution-treated (T4) and artificially-aged (T6) conditions in 5% NaCl solution using immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The immersion test indicates that both NZ and NZK alloys exhibit better corrosion resistances in T4 and T6 states than in the F condition due to the galvanic corrosion between the cathodic Mg₁₂Nd compound and the anodic α matrix in the F condition. The NZK alloy demonstrates lower corrosion rates than the NZ alloy in three conditions, which indicates that the addition of zirconium has a beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance. It was discovered by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) that the corrosion products of NZK-T6 formed in salt solution are composed of sandwich shape compounds, while that of NZ-T6 is composed of fine needle-like compounds and small particles. The former are more uniform and compact than the latter and can play a more protective role for the alloy. Electrochemical measurements also confirmed that the more protective film formed on the NZK than on the NZ alloy.     

峰时效AA2090及AA8090铝-锂合金晶间腐蚀与剥蚀性能

研究了峰时效AA2090及AA8090 Al-Li合金的晶间腐蚀与剥蚀敏感性．结果表明，AA2090合金峰时效时晶内析出大量T1相．晶内T1相的优先溶解导致晶间腐蚀的电化学动力较低，合金晶间腐蚀程度较弱；而AA8090合金峰时效时由于T2相在晶界呈粗链状析出，其阳极溶解导致严重的晶问腐蚀．由于晶问腐蚀敏感性的差异，AA8090合金的剥蚀敏感性较大，而AA2090合金则出现只呈小薄片状的轻微剥蚀。     

Study on localized corrosion mechanism of 2195 Al‐Li alloy in 4.0% NaCl solution (pH 6.5) using a three‐electrode coupling system

Localized corrosion morphologies of 2195 Al‐Li alloy with various heat treatment in 4.0% NaCl solution (pH 6.5) were investigated, and its corrosion mechanism was studied using a three‐electrode coupling system of α (Al) substituting for the precipitate‐free zone (PFZ), simulated bulk θ′ (Al₂Cu) and T1 (Al₂CuLi). θ′ acts as cathodic zone in the alloy. At the initial stage, T1 phase is active with respect to θ′ and α (Al), and endures the main anodic current, indicating that anodic dissolution occurs on T1. However, its potential moves to positive direction with immersion time, due to dealloying of Li from T1. As a result, the main anodic dissolution occurs on α (Al) at a later stage. At this stage, as only T1 and α (Al) are coupled, T1 is cathodic to α (Al). In real 2195 alloy, T1 phase is very tiny, and anodic dissolution of T1 and PFZ occurs alternately. These results show that its intergranular corrosion or intersubgranular corrosion is caused by alternate anodic dissolution of T1 phase and PFZ along grain and subgrain boundaries.     

T6态2090 Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中的剥蚀行为和剥蚀发展过程中的电化学阻抗谱

采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和光学显微镜原位观察等方法研究了T6态峰时效的2090 Al-Li合金在EXCO溶液中的剥蚀行为.在浸泡过程中局部腐蚀形态演变经历了4个阶段：点蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥蚀和剥蚀后期.在点蚀阶段形成的以杂质相为局部阴极生成的大蚀孔成为剥蚀引发的中心,剥蚀鼓泡沿大蚀孔边缘生长,直到把表层以下完全穿透.点蚀引发阶段的EIS由一个高频容抗弧和一个中低频感抗弧构成,在点蚀发展阶段感抗弧消失.晶间腐蚀阶段的EIS的容抗部分中很难分辨出腐蚀区域对应的时间常数,剥蚀发展阶段和剥蚀后期的EIS由两个容抗弧构成.     

Comparison of microstructure and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys 7150 and 7010

The influence of coarse Cu-bearing particles, matrix and subgrain boundary precipitates on the stress corrosion susceptibility of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was investigated. The strength of 7150 alloy is about 15 MPa higher than that of 7010 alloy. The 7010 alloy exhibits higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking as compared with the 7150 alloy. The coarse Cu-bearing particles are detrimental to the resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The increase of size of matrix and subgrain boundary precipitates decreases the susceptibility of stress corrosion. The anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement govern the cracking process. The severity of stress corrosion cracking is shown to be related to the coarse Cu-bearing particles, matrix and subgrain precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.     

2A97铝锂合金双级时效研究

通过TEM分析和常规力学性能测试,研究双级时效工艺对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响,以优化合金强度和塑性匹配。结果表明:随预时效温度升高,双级时效基体由形成θ′/θ″相和δ′相为主的组织转变为形成T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相为主的组织。135℃预时效、双级时效基体形成大量细小的θ′/θ″相和δ′相,T1数量少。晶界和亚晶界T1数量多,尺寸小,晶界和亚晶界θ′/θ″无析出带宽度窄。155℃预时效、双级时效可在基体形成以T1相为主的组织,且数量多,尺寸大,均匀分布,T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相的联合强化作用使合金具有高的强度。     

Exfoliation corrosion of T6- and T8-aged AlxCuyLiz alloy

The exfoliation corrosion behavior of a novel Al-Li alloy treated by T6- and T8-peak ageing was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) technique. The surface morphology of corroded samples was examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The microstructure of un-corroded samples was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). At early stage of immersion in EXCO, EIS plots of the two differently processed samples are composed of a capacitive arc in the high frequency range and an inductive loop in the low frequency range. Inductive loop disappears with the increasing of immersion time and two capacitive arcs appear. T6-treated alloy has higher exfoliation susceptibility than T8-treated one, suggested by different exfoliation starting time, which is 23 h and 27 h respectively. T1 phase and equilibrium precipitate at the grain boundary of T6-treated alloy are larger in amount and size than those of T8-treated alloy. This is the main reason for the higher exfoliation susceptibility of T6-treated alloy.