大学校徽的功能与意义

大学校徽的功能主要是为了彰显大学的办学理念和人文精神.大学校徽具有象征和隐喻的功能.大学校微的象征功能离不开意象的营造,更离不开具体的环境和民族文化背景.大学校徽中的意象借助于某一具体事物的外在特征,通过隐喻抽象思维的功能,寄寓某种深邃的思想,或表达某种富有特殊意义的事理,能够让人通过意象形象直观认知大学的独特文化内涵和精神底蕴.大学校徽的意义在于其作用和价值,是大学形象的标志和大学灵魂的表征.     

科学处理电镀废水实现零排放

以科学发展观为指导,建设资源节约型、环境友好型的企业是社会发展的必然趋势.目前,在表面处理行业,大部分的电镀废水采用的是处理后直接排放,未能回用,造成了大量水资源的浪费和一定的环境污染.因此,对电镀废水的控制、处理及回用的研究具有十分重要的现实意义.为此,综述了实际生产中三镍铬工艺电镀生产线废水处理、回用原理和方法以及实现闭路循环零排放所具有的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益.     

浴火再生

凤凰是再生的象征,那美丽的形态被赋予了及其深邃的涵义,似乎生命轮回成为一种恒古的美丽,每经历五百年,凤凰要自焚一回,它要烧掉它衰老的和瘦弱的外形,于是一只崭新的,朝气蓬勃的和股胎换骨的凤凰就从灰烬中飞出,新的轮回重又开始.看,熔炉中的废旧零件不正是浴火的凤凰吗!     

超高强度钢带来划时代巨变:建筑、轮胎与吊桥

1 前言 钢铁材料是建筑物、桥梁等社会基础设施的支撑材料,也是汽车、铁路、轮船等交通工具的支撑材料和石油、天然气资源的开发与运输、电力的生产运输等各种生产设备的支撑材料.这种地位,今后也不会发生变化.因此,钢铁材料对于解决环境、社会、资源、能源等问题,起着非常重要的作用,也期待更大的进步.在本文中,以"超高强度螺栓"、"超高强度钢丝"为例,介绍了革新性材料与结构物系统的问世,促进了具有划时代意义的建筑物及结构系统的发展,是对环境及安全问题的突破,又叙述了在结构物的革新中超出了需求的新材料开发的方法论.     

中国资源再生产业必须融入国际“静脉大循环”

石万鹏:中国自身是一个资源匮乏的国家,主要45种资源的人均占有量不足世界平均值的一半.四百处主要矿区也都进入晚期.如何解决中国的资源危机,已经成为关系到民族兴衰的头等大事.据统计,经五千年开发,全球可工业化开采的矿产资源绝大部分已不在地下,而是以"废旧物资"的形态堆积在我们周围,其中 85%富集在发达国家.善于反传统、逆向思维的犹太人早就意识到,再好的铁矿也不如废钢,世上有多少新就有多少旧.废旧物资是全球唯一在增长、迟早要取代地下矿藏、俯拾皆是的"富矿".因此,大力发展再生产业,把"吃老本"的线性经济,改变为"吃利息"的循环经济,已经成为中国势在必行的选择.     

分布式环境下制造资源管理及共享问题的研究

如何对分散的、动态、多样异构的制造资源进行管理并实现资源共享,对于提高我国制造业的国际市场竞争能力至关重要.分布式计算的理论和技术使得制造资源的大规模共享成为可能.本文分析了目前模具制造业的资源管理及共享的现状及存在的问题,提出了一种基于J2EE技术的解决途径,并给出了实现技术方案.     

基于ANSYS的立式回转电火花线切割机床线架的模态分析

建立了线架的三维有限元实体模型，并运用ANSYS有限元分析软件对其进行了模态分析，得出了线架的前五阶固有频率和振型。通过分析线架的各阶振动模态的特点，对其进行动态特性分析以及改善结构设计，从而达到线架的优化设计、缩短开发周期和投资成本的预期效果。     

碳纳米管在0.5~ 6GHz低频波段的介电常数和磁导率研究

采用化学气相沉积法制备多壁碳纳米管,运用高温氧化、浓盐酸处理和混酸回流工艺对其进行纯化;采用FTIR、TEM和EDS比较各工艺对碳管表面结构的影响程度,运用同轴波导法测定碳管在0.5～6GHz低频波段内的介电常数和磁导率数值.结果表明:碳管中无定形碳的存在,有效地提高了碳管的介电损耗;长时间的浓盐酸或混酸处理,会改变碳管的极化特性,对碳管在低频波段的介电常数构成明显的影响.     

宝石级金刚石培育技术评述

宝石级金刚石的培育技术比较有效的方法是美国GE公司首创的HPHT温差法.本文对宝石级金刚石的培育技术、发展历程、现状、影响培育宝石级金刚石晶体质量的生长速率、合成温度、掺杂等因素作了简要回顾和评述,找出了差距,为宝石级金刚石培育技术的研究指出了可借鉴的模式.宝石级金刚石培育技术经过近40年的不断完善,国外已实现了商业化生产,而我国还处于实验室阶段,显然差距是很大的.随着人们生活水平的不断提高和科学技术的发展,宝石级金刚石需求也在日益增长,引起了很多制造商的关注.     

研究生导师的工作性质与教育作用辨析

研究生教育的基本目标是研究品质和方法的培养.品质和方法属于"隐性知识"的范畴,主要是研究生在导师的指导下进入真实的科研过程通过体验、反思、领悟而形成的.因此,导师的工作性质,主要是示范的教育、行动的教育、合作的教育、个别的教育;其教育作用主要表现为导目标、导方向、导课题、导方法、导成果、导品德.研究生导师应具备教育者和研究者的双重素质.当前,严把研究生导师的遴选关,确保导师队伍质量,遏制"以吏为师"倾向,实乃我国研究生导师队伍建设的当务之急.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.