高静水压力对水在环氧涂层中传输行为的影响

利用传统增重法和电化学阻抗测量技术研究了常压和深海高静水压力条件下水在环氧涂层中的传输行为。计算出了不同环境下水的扩散系数,并分析了静水压力对水在涂层中吸水动力学的影响。结果表明,高静水压力加速了水在涂层中的传输过程,使其扩散机制由常压下的理想Fick扩散行为变为S吸收型的非理想Fick扩散行为;扩散动力学参数,包括扩散速度、饱和时间和饱和吸水率均发生了明显变化;与涂层阻滞性能密切相关的涂层电容、涂层电阻和特征频率等参数随浸泡时间的变化在高压下也更为显著,涂层提前发生失效。     

深海交变压力对水在环氧涂层中传输行为的影响

目的深入了解有机涂层在深海交变压力环境下的失效机制,为涂层服役寿命的预测提供指导。方法利用增重法和电化学阻抗测量技术,研究常压和深海交变压力条件下水在环氧涂层中的传输行为,计算不同环境下水的扩散系数,并分析交变压力对水在涂层中吸水动力学的影响。结果交变压力加速了水在涂层中的传输过程,使其扩散机制由常压下的理想Fick扩散行为变为非Fick扩散,延长了饱和时间,增大了涂层饱和吸水率。微观形貌观测发现,涂层内部填料/基料界面产生了大量裂痕,是导致水在涂层中扩散机制发生改变的主要原因。结论交变压力通过压力对水的推动作用及对涂层结构的破坏,加速了水在涂层中的传输。     

Direct extraction of Mo(VI) from acidic leach solution of molybdenite ore by ion exchange resin: Batch and column adsorption studies

The adsorption behavior of ion exchange resin D301 in the extraction of hexavalent molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was investigated. SEM, EDS and Raman spectra analyses were applied to studying the adsorption capacity, reaction kinetics and possible adsorption mechanism in detail. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of D301 resin for molybdenum from high acidic leach solution was up to 463.63 mg/g. Results of the kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was controlled by the particle diffusion with the activation energy 25.47 kJ/mol (0.9α1.2 mm) and 20.38 kJ/mol (0.6α0.9 mm). Furthermore, the molybdenum loaded on the resin could be eluted by using 2 mol/L ammonia hydroxide solution. Besides, dynamic continuous column experiments verified direct extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach solutions by ion exchange resin D301 and the upstream flow improved dynamic continuous absorption.     

Separation of Impurity Vanadium from TiCl4 by Means of Adsorption

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Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption for heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions onto surface amino-bacterial cellulose

Amino-bacterial cellulose (amino-BC) was prepared by chemical modification of bacterial cellulose(BC). The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of amino-BC were studied. The results show that adsorption data can be fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics, indicating that the adsorption of amino-BC would obey monolayer molecule adsorption and the main action was chemisorption. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was studied by the Elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model, indicating that the absorption characteristics of metal ions on amino-BC is controlled by both film diffusion and particle diffusion. The increase of reaction temperature will accelerate the adsorbing rate because of endothermic reaction.     

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of cadmium on strong-acid cation exchange resin

The adsorption behavior of Cd2+ on 001×7 strong-acid cation exchange resin was studied with the static adsorption method. The adsorption process was analyzed from thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. The influences of experimental parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration and adsorption rate were investigated. The experimental results show that in the studied concentration range, 001×7 resin has a good sorption ability for Cd2+, and the equilibrium adsorption data fit to Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption is an exothermic process which runs spontaneously. Kinetic analysis shows that the adsorption rate is mainly governed by liquid film diffusion. The best adsorption condition is pH 4-5. The saturated resin can be regenerated by 3 mol/L nitric acid, and the desorption efficiency is over 98%. The maximal static saturated adsorption capacity is 355 mg/g (wet resin) at 293 K. The adsorption mechanism of Cd2+ on 001×7 resin was discussed based on IR spectra.     

Inkorporation kohlenstoffhaltiger Fremdstoffe bei der galvanischen Abscheidung von Gold- und Goldlegierungsüberzügen in sauren und alkalischen Cyanidbädern

Incorporation of carbon containing matter during electrolytic deposition of gold and gold alloy coatings from acid and alcaline cyanide baths The incorporation of carbon containing foreign matter may have a strong deleterious influence on the use of noble metal coating e.g. for electrical contacts. The process is a complex one and is governed by changes in electrolyte composition as well as by the differences between the mean electrolyte composition and the composition of the cathodic diffusion layer. In the latter layer reactions may take place which cannot be found at the mean electrolyte composition. From weakly acidic baths only cyanide ions are incorporated, while the incorporation of citrate ions has not been detected. The oxidation of the cyanide at the insoluble anodes as well as polymerization processes have not bearing on incorporation. When the bath contains strong complexing agents for Ni and Co the incorporation depends from the equilibrium between complex cyano-aurates and weakly bonded or free Ni and Co. In alcaline cyanide baths for silver deposition incorporation tends to a stationary limit, irrespective of eventual polymerization reactions at the insoluable cathode.     

采用锰矿从水溶液中吸附铅和镉离子(英文)

采用低成本的本地可得的天然锰矿作为吸附剂,研究吸附工艺从水溶液中脱除铅离子和镉离子。利用伪一级、伪二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型检验动力学吸附数据,计算和比较这些动力学模型的吸附速率常数,发现用伪二级动力学模型能最佳地描述吸附动力学。将 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 等温吸附模型用来拟合不同温度下的平衡数据,发现实验数据与 Langmuir 模型拟合得更好。采用 Langmuir 等温吸附模型计算出锰矿吸附铅离子和镉离子的最大容量分别为 98 和 6.8 mg/g。计算了热力学参数,如吸附吉布斯自由能的变化、焓变与熵变。结果表明,锰矿作为吸附剂对铅和镉的吸附反应是自发的吸热反应。因此,锰矿作为一种天然的矿物吸附剂,可以替代现有的吸附剂来脱除水溶液中的铅离子和镉离子。     

Investigation of adsorption of heavy metal ions by natural aluminosilicate

The adsorption capacity of studied aluminosilicate samples was found to depend significantly on the sizes of grains of adsorbents. The equations for calculating the statistical exchange capacity of aluminosilicate of different fractions in relation to ions of heavy metals Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(III), and Cr(III) were derived. The effective coefficients of diffusion in the adsorbent grain and in the film of solution were found. It was determined that external diffusion kinetics served as a limiting step of adsorption. The rate of the process was determined as varying from 0.16 × 10^–6 to 2.8 × 10^–6 mol/m² s.     

Influence of Cs+ ions on codeposition of SiC particles with Ni–Co alloy

Abstract

Ni–Co/SiC composite coatings were produced by electrodeposition from a Watt's-type bath. The effect of current density and SiC concentration on the weight percentage of embedded particles was determined. Enhanced SiC incorporation was observed in the presence of small amount of cesium ions in the plating bath. It was attributed to increased adsorption of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ on the particles induced by Cs⁺ ions. Preferential adsorption of Cs⁺ was also observed. Validation of the Guglielmi model was confirmed for the codeposition process in the Ni–Co/SiC system. The incorporation of SiC within the alloy matrix resulted in the improvement of the microhardness of the deposits. Morphology and particle distribution in the deposits was studied by optical and electron (SEM, TEM) microscopy.     

D301树脂吸附钼蓝的热力学与动力学(英文)

通过静态吸附实验,研究D301树脂对钼蓝的吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明:D301对钼蓝的吸附行为符合Freundlich等温方程;在不同温度下,D301吸附钼蓝的吸附焓变ΔH和吸附熵变ΔS均为正值,而吸附自由能变ΔG为负值,表明吸附是一个自发的、吸热过程,升温有利于吸附。动力学研究表明,此吸附过程符合双驱动模型,吸附过程主要受粒内扩散步骤控制,经拟合获得动力学总方程。     

Mg-Fe-CLDH对模拟谷氨酸废水的吸附分离

采用共沉淀法合成Mg与Fe摩尔比为3：1的层状双金属氢氧化物（Mg-Fe-LDH）,然后在500℃下煅烧6 h得到煅烧双金属氢氧化物（Mg-Fe-CLDH）。分析Mg-Fe-CLDH与Mg-Fe-LDH对谷氨酸的吸附性能,研究溶液p H、谷氨酸初始浓度、共存阴离子及温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附过程的动力学和热力学过程进行研究。结果表明：Mg-Fe-CLDH对谷氨酸的吸附效果很好,吸附率在优化条件下达到99.9%;吸附动力学符合准一级动力学方程,平衡吸附等温线很好地符合Langmuir方程。颗粒内扩散模型能很好地描述吸附动力学过程。颗粒内扩散模型拟合结果显示,颗粒内扩散不是唯一的反应速率控制步骤。     

化学气相沉积法改性ACFs及其去除溶液中甲基橙的应用(英文)

通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)对粘胶基活性炭纤维(ACFs)进行表面改性,利用比表面积、SEM、孔径分布和红外光谱等分析方法对样品进行表征。通过吸附实验研究改性ACFs对溶液中甲基橙的吸附行为。结果表明,吸附数据较符合Langmuir等温线模型;准二级动力学方程能够较好地反映改性ACFs对溶液中甲基橙的吸附动力学;颗粒间扩散为控制步骤,但并非唯一控制步骤。经计算获得的热力学参数包括ΔG、ΔH和ΔS,表明吸附为自发的放热物理吸附过程。从红外光谱分析可知,氢键作用是改性ACFs吸附甲基橙的主要吸附机理。     

An Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Method for CuO-TiO2 Nanotube Array Preparation with Visible-Light Responses

A rapid and energy-efficient method was presented for preparing CuO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays.TiO₂ nanotube arrays were first prepared by anodic oxidation using titanium anode and platinum cathode.Then,the formed TiO₂ nanotube arrays and Pt were used as cathode and anode,respectively,for subsequent formation of CuO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays,through an electrochemical process in a solution of 0.1 mol/L CuSO₄.The morphology and composition of the CuO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,and UV-Vis diffusion reflection spectroscopy（UV-Vis DRS）.XPS and XRD analyses suggested that the Cu element in the nanotubes existed in CuO form,and its content changed along with the voltage during the second electrochemical process.The photocatalytic activities of the CuO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays were evaluated by the degradation of a model dye,rhodamine B.The results showed that Cu incorporation aroused wide visible-light adsorption and improved the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂nanotube arrays significantly under visible-light irradiation.The stability of the CuO-TiO₂ nanotube arrays was also detected.     

不同元素掺杂对氯离子在TiO_2膜扩散的影响研究

通过过渡态计算软件CINEB模拟了不同元素掺杂到金红石型TiO_2膜后,氯离子在TiO_2膜的扩散路径和对扩散势垒的影响。结果表明,TiO_2膜中扩散路径A具有更大的孔洞,钛和氯离子吸附性较弱,使氯离子扩散势垒较小,因此氯离子在路径A中更容易扩散。Al元素掺杂后铝原子失去电子转移到邻近的氧,氯离子和氧离子间存在较强的排斥作用,导致晶体结构畸变,有效阻碍氯离子扩散,提高耐腐蚀性能。Mo元素掺杂后,Mo的3d轨道与Cl的2p轨道有较强的杂化作用,Mo和Cl之间有较强吸附作用,使得氯离子很难脱离,因此提高材料的耐蚀性。Al、Zr、Mo、Nb的扩散势垒较高,对提高钛合金的耐腐蚀性能有显著作用。通过实验验证了Ti-5.5Al-3.0Zr-2.0Sn-0.8Mo-1.5Nb合金的自腐蚀电流最小,耐腐蚀性能最好,与计算结果一致。     

Ta原子在TaN(001)表面上绕岛迁移的第一原理计算

纳米薄膜的各方面性能和薄膜自身的微观结构是密切相关的,研究原子的迁移行为可以充分了解纳米材料的形成机理以及基本结构.笔者运用第一性原理VASP软件包对粒子的迁移行为进行模拟计算,内容包括模型的建立、原子吸附能的计算以及NEB方法计算迁移激活能.计算结果表明:Ta原子在2Ta2N岛附近的P3和P5位置为两个最稳定吸附,分...     

001×14.5强酸性树脂对铬(Ⅲ)的吸附性能

采用离子交换树脂法吸附铬(Ⅲ),通过树脂选型确定强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×14.5对铬(Ⅲ)吸附容量最大,用所选的001×14.5树脂研究铬(Ⅲ)的吸附性能。静态吸附实验表明:转速大于120 r/min时,对树脂吸附的影响可忽略,即外扩散基本消除,pH=7.0时,吸附最佳,铬(Ⅲ)吸附率随树脂用量的增加而增大;001×14.5树脂吸附铬(Ⅲ)的过程符合Langmuir等温曲线,且为优惠吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附过程的表观活化能Ea=23.4 kJ/mol,颗粒内扩散为吸附速率的主要控制步骤;用1 mol/L的硫酸对吸附后的饱和树脂进行脱附再生,脱附率可达99%。     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶吸附除去废水中铜的动力学和机理

研究聚乙烯醇水凝胶对废水中铜的吸附能力。分别使用红外光谱分析和吸水量测定方法研究水凝胶的化学结构和吸收行为。结果表明,聚乙烯醇与戊二醛交联形成聚乙烯醇水凝胶,凝胶因它的亲水性而表现出高的平衡溶胀比。另外,凝胶的吸附过程服从准二级动力学,扩散受粒子间扩散和膜扩散控制。     

Temperature influence on the equilibrium and kinetics of fluoride-ion adsorption by heat-treated Al oxyhydrates

The effect of temperature on the fluoride adsorption by heat-treated samples of aluminum alloy AMG-6 electrochemical machining products has been studied. Kinetic curves and adsorption isotherms at solution temperatures of 20, 30, and 40°C have been received, and the adsorption rate constants, diffusion coefficients, and the values of the activation energy have been determined. The obtained E _a value corresponds to values of the activation energy characteristic of ion exchange processes controlled by internal diffusion. Thermodynamic functions of the adsorption process ΔF₀, ΔH₀, and ΔS₀ have been calculated. The differential free molar energy changes, the isosteric heat, and the entropy of the fluorine adsorption have been analyzed versus the filling degree of the sample surface with fluorine ions. The absence of the process rate dependence on the mixing rates, as well as the character of the dependences of F (equilibrium degree reaching, %) on the √tdemonstrates that the process under consideration is controlled by an internal diffusion step. The mechanism of fluorine ion fixation on the modified surface of aluminum oxyhydrates has been discussed.     

Adsorption behavior of Pd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by D201 resin

The adsorption and desorption behaviors of Pd(Ⅱ) on D201 resin were investigated. The effects of parameters including HCl concentrations, initial metal ion concentrations, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of Pd(Ⅱ) were studied by batch method. The HCl concentration for studying the effects was set from 0.01 to 2 mol·L-1 and the optimal adsorption condition is in 0.01 mol·L-1 HCl solution. The adsorption isotherm of Pd(Ⅱ) on D201 resin was determined and the equilibrium data fitted the Langmui...