42CrMo钢火焰喷涂Ni60/WC涂层的电接触强化研究

目的研究电接触强化对氧乙炔火焰喷涂后42CrMo基体表面涂层组织与性能的影响,以改善涂层与基体之间的结合强度,提升基体表面性能。方法利用氧乙炔火焰喷涂,在基体表面制备Ni60/WC涂层,再进行电接触强化。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方式,对涂层及基体进行显微组织观察和物相分析,利用维氏显微硬度仪测量涂层到基体的硬度分布,并对电接触强化前后的数据进行对比分析。结果在热喷涂涂层厚度一定的情况下,经15 k A电流强度电接触强化后,涂层的致密性显著提高,孔隙明显减少,与基体接触部分的界面缝隙消失,结合方式发生改变。涂层硬度均匀性改善明显,维氏硬度显著提高,由原来400HV提升至720HV左右。涂层内部形成了Cr元素聚集区,W元素扩散明显,形成了合金元素碳化物,对涂层起到弥散强化作用。结论电接触强化能显著提高涂层性能与质量,改变涂层与基体之间的结合方式。     

高速钢轧辊的激光熔覆试验研究

采用500W脉冲激光器对冶金精密轧辊进行激光熔覆Ni+WC粉末,用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对熔覆层显微组织和成分分布进行分析,并用显微硬度计测试硬度.结果表明:涂层与基体为冶金结合,涂层的显微组织细化;激光熔覆层表面硬度高达1076HV,而基材硬度为655HV.     

真空烧结熔覆Ni60涂层的组织和性能

利用真空烧结熔覆技术在Q235钢基体上制备Ni60涂层,并对Ni60涂层的显微组织、硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性进行分析。结果表明:Ni60涂层主要由γ-(Ni,Fe)、CrB和Cr_(23)C_6等相组成,涂层与基体界面处冶金结合良好;涂层的表面硬度为58.3 HRC,横截面上自表面到基体的硬度自676 HV0.2到220 HV0.2呈梯度分布;涂层的耐磨性为Q235钢的21.7倍,磨损机制为轻微的塑性切削和硬质相的脆性剥落;涂层的耐腐蚀性明显优于基体。     

Ni60合金粉末炉内重熔工艺及耐磨性研究

目的 获得45钢表面重熔Ni60粉末的最佳重熔工艺,以期提高涂层的耐磨性能.方法 在Ni60合金粉末中加入A型、B型两种胶,滴入适量酒精,制作Ni60预制涂层;采用预粘接法+炉内重熔二步法工艺,在45钢表面重熔镍基合金涂层,通过金相组织实验、显微硬度实验,分别研究重熔温度对所得试样基体至涂层组织形貌和显微硬度的影响,讨论温度对所获试样基体至涂层组织与耐磨性的影响.结果 重熔温度达到1000℃、1100℃时,基体与涂层形成机械咬合的组织形态;1200℃时,基体与涂层形成机械咬合与冶金结合相结合的组织形态,涂层中硬化相数量增多,大小、分布均匀,缺陷最少.1100℃重熔所得涂层的平均显微硬度最高,达到496 HV;1200℃重熔所得试样分界线处的平均显微硬度最好,达到389.7HV,且该温度下所得试样的硬度曲线分布最有规律.结论 45钢基体表面重熔Ni60合金粉末,重熔温度为1200℃时,可有效改善涂层与基体的结合方式,获得机械结合与冶金结合的组织形态;此温度下,涂层组织均匀、细密,试样硬度分布有规律、波动不大,耐磨性最好.     

Ni+WC基粉末激光熔覆对柱塞组织和硬度的影响

采用Ni+WC基粉末激光熔覆对严重磨损的高压水除鳞机用柱塞表面进行修复,利用光学显微分析和扫描电子显微分析方法,对熔敷层、结合层和基体进行显微组织观察及能谱分析,并测定了不同区域的显微硬度.结果表明:国外试样的基体是铁素体和奥氏体组成的双相钢,过渡层为Ni25、熔覆层为Ni60+WC的试样,熔覆层的组织分布均匀,熔覆层有大量的WC质点分布,显微硬度值较高,峰值硬度为1000 HV.     

氩弧熔覆原位自生NbC增强镍基复合涂层分析

以碳粉、铌粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q345钢基材表面原位合成了NbC增强Ni基复合涂层,应用SEM,XRD对涂层的显微组织和物相进行了分析,并测试了涂层显微硬度和常温耐磨性.结果表明,复合涂层与基体界面无气孔、裂纹,呈冶金结合;涂层组织由γ-Ni,Cr23C6和NbC颗粒相组成.涂层的显微硬度HV0.2达到1 000,较基体提高3倍左右;耐磨性较基体Q345钢提高近11倍.     

不锈钢激光熔凝工艺研究

采用激光熔凝技术对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面进行单道扫描,研究不同激光工艺参数下熔凝层微观组织和显微硬度的变化.结果表明:激光熔凝区品粒细小,熔凝层显微硬度较基体硬度有所提高,最高硬度可达288HV.可以推断采用激光熔凝技术,能够提高不锈钢的硬度,改善其耐磨性能.     

放电等离子烧结Ni60涂层的组织与性能

利用放电等离子烧结技术在45钢基体上制备Ni60涂层,并对Ni60涂层的显微组织、界面结合情况以及耐磨性能进行分析.结果表明:Ni60涂层主要由γ-Ni、CrB、Cr7C3等相组成;涂层与基体在界面处形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层硬度为597.5 HV0.3,过渡层硬度从597.5 HV0.3到209.6 HV0.3呈梯度分布,宽度大约为0.3 mm,涂层与基体的结合强度约为710 MPa;涂层在磨粒磨损的条件下体积磨损率为5.43×10-2 cm3/h.     

纯铜表面等离子喷焊 Ni 60 涂层组织及性能的研究

采用等离子喷焊工艺在纯铜基体表面成功制备了Ni60焊层,并对其微观形貌、元素成分、显微硬度及耐磨性能进行分析。分析表明:焊层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合,稀释率仅为5%左右,且其显微组织呈细小枝晶状,硬质相呈弥散分布,焊层显微硬度高达606HV,耐磨性能较Cu-Ni合金焊层提高了1倍。     

扩散热处理对45钢热喷涂铝涂层性能的影响

对45钢表面热喷涂铝涂层后再进行热扩散处理,并对其进行组织观察、物相分析、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性检测。结果表明:扩散处理后得到了结合致密的扩散层;扩散层的强化相以Fe4Al13、Fe3Al金属间化合物为主;其硬度由基体263 HV提高至494.6 HV,表面硬度显著增加,耐磨性耐蚀性都较基体明显提高。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

胫骨生物陶瓷复合材料的微结构增韧机理

扫描电镜观察显示胫骨是一种由羟基磷灰石和胶原蛋白组成的自然生物陶瓷复合材料.羟基磷灰石具有层状的微结构并且平行于骨的表面排列.观察也显示这些羟基磷灰石层又是由许多羟基磷灰石片所组成,这些羟基磷灰石片具有长而薄的形状,也以平行的方式整齐排列.基于在胫骨中观察到的羟基磷灰石片的微结构特征,通过微结构模型分析及实验,研究了羟基磷灰石片平行排列微结构的最大拔出能.结果表明,羟基磷灰石片长而薄的形状以及平行排列方式增加了其最大拔出能,进而提高了骨的断裂韧性.     

Mechanism of Nucleation of Precipitates of Carbides of Refractory Metals Under Hot Rolling of Automotive Sheet Steel

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The problem of formation of properties in microalloyed sheet steels is considered. The cause and the possible mechanism of precipitation of carbides of refractory...     

燃煤机组锅炉烟气脱硝灰中氨含量测定

NOx是大气环境的主要污染物之一,其主要来源为火力发电机组。依靠低氮燃烧技术,远达不到排放要求。选择性催化还原脱硝(简称SCR)技术是目前效率最高、最成熟、应用最广泛的电厂烟气脱硝技术。目前,在线氨逃逸监测技术存在诸多问题,影响了氨逃逸监测数据的准确度和稳定性。在燃料种类、炉膛结构、受热面布置、过量空气量、炉膛气流分布以及脱硝催化剂类型等条件确定的情况下,控制好氨加入量及其逃逸量是保证NOx脱除率的关键所在。燃煤锅炉除尘飞灰氨含量可侧面反映脱硝氨逃逸率的状况。根据国外的文献报道,正常情况下,电除尘灰中氨含量一般在50mg/kg-100mg/kg范围内。由于国内尚无灰中氨含量的测定方法,亦无脱硝运行对飞灰含氨量影响的数据积累。本文通过大量试验,确定了灰中氨溶解条件(如溶解时间、搅拌状态、灰水比、灰样量及其稳定性等),制定了灰中氨含量测定方法。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.