Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

34Cr2Ni2Mo

正34Cr2Ni2Mo结构钢具有高的强度、韧度和良好的淬透性和抗过热的稳定性,但白点敏感性高,有回火脆性。焊接性较差,焊前需经高温预热,焊后需消除应力,经调质后使用。一般制作强度高、塑性好的重要零部件,渗氮处理后制作特殊性能要求的重要零件,如轴类、齿轮、紧固件等。     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

Symmetry analysis of magnetic structures possible in TbNi2Si2-TbMn2Si2 solid solutions

TbNi₂Si₂-TbMn₂Si₂ solid solutions have been studied by neutron diffraction to reveal magnetic structures with wave vectors {k ₈} = μ(b ₁–b ₂) + b ₃/2 = 2π [(1–2μ)/2, (1 + 2μ)/2, 0]/a, {k ₁₃} = b ₃/2 = 2π(1/2, 1/2, 0)/a, and {k ₁₄} = 0. The method of calculation is described and the results of calculations are given for the basis functions of irreducible representations of the space group D _4h ¹⁷ (14/mmm) that are used for the most rational search for a real model of the magnetic structure of these solid solutions. The compositions of the magnetic representations for each of the above-mentioned wave vectors and the possible variants of the mutual orientation of atomic magnetic moments in the crystallographic positions in which the magnetically active atoms (Tb, Ni, Mn) are located have been determined.     

Yb2Ge,Eu2Ge and Eu2Si: new PbCl2-type compounds

The intermetallic compounds Yb₂Ge, Eu₂Ge and Eu₂Si were synthesized from the elements by HF melting in tantalum crucibles. The three phases crystallize in the PbCl₂ structure type, as shown by Rietveld refinement of powder pattern intensity data. The structure of Yb₂Ge was confirmed by a single crystal study.     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.     

SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-F-ZrO_2系微晶玻璃的析晶

为了研究ZrO_2含量对SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-F-ZrO_2系微晶玻璃析晶特征的影响,采用传统的熔融-冷淬法制备了不同ZrO_2含量的玻璃试样.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃中,ZrO_2的最大溶解量在5.0%(质量分数,下同)左右,超过其饱和溶解度后将析出氧化锆相.玻璃样品在700 ℃处理发生非晶态的分相现象,分相区主要是氟元素的偏聚,而没有形成锆元素的偏聚.在不同氧化锆含量的玻璃中析出的晶体有氟云母和少量ZrO_2与莫来石相.ZrO_2加入量的提高有助于在低温下析晶,但ZrO_2含量的提高抑制了氟云母晶体的析出.随着玻璃中ZrO_2含量的提高,析出晶体从玫瑰花形向团簇状转变.     

Y2O3含量对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-Li2O系统微晶玻璃的析晶及性能的影响

以SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O-Li2O为玻璃组成,P2O5和ZrO2为复合成核剂,Sb2O3为澄清剂,Y2O3为添加物,通过传统熔体冷却方法制得了该系统基础玻璃.利用DSC、XRD、SEM及性能测试等手段,研究了Y2O3含量的变化对玻璃析晶行为、析出晶相种类、晶粒尺寸、晶粒分布以及微晶玻璃的力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着Y2O3含量的增加,玻璃的析晶峰值温度升高,且析晶峰也逐渐变宽、变钝;Y2O3的加入并不影响微晶玻璃中主晶相的组成,但对其微观结构有明显影响;当Y2O3含量低于2.0%(摩尔分数)时,微晶玻璃的抗弯强度随Y2O3含量增加而增加;当Y2O3含量为2.0%时,获得微晶玻璃的抗弯强度值最高,达到217 MPa;当2.0%≤x(Y2O3)≤2.5%时,抗弯强度反而降低;当Y2O3含量为2.5%时,获得的微晶玻璃具有良好的半透明性,并具有较好的力学性能(抗弯强度为198 MPa);与一步法热处理相比,采用两步晶化热处理有利于提高微晶玻璃的力学性能.     

Ni-P镀层在RNH_2-CO_2-H_2S-Cl~--H_2O腐蚀环境中的适用性研究

通过模拟某油田再生塔塔底重沸器的腐蚀环境,对304不锈钢和Ni-P镀层进行评价。结果显示:在模拟重沸器腐蚀环境中,105℃气相和液相共存条件下,304不锈钢和Ni-P镀两种材质的均匀腐蚀速率均大于90℃,304不锈钢腐蚀相对轻微,Ni-P镀在两个腐蚀模拟条件下均出现开裂和脱落现象。     

添加SnO_2组元对RuO_2 SnO_2 TiO_2/Ti钛阳极组织形貌的影响

通过溶胶凝胶 (Sol gel)法经涂刷、烧结、退火等工艺制备了添加不同含量SnO2 的RuO2 SnO2 TiO2 /Ti三元涂层钛阳极。并通过X射线衍射 (XRD)、差热分析 (DTA)、透射电子显微 (TEM )分析了SnO2 组元对RuO2 TiO2 SnO2 /Ti阳极涂层组织、晶粒尺寸和外观形貌的影响。结果表明 ,所获三元涂层颗粒尺寸细小 ,均为纳米结构 ,且添加SnO2 组元后有显著细化涂层晶粒的效果。在不同退火温度下 ,随SnO2 含量的增加 ,涂层晶粒均能发生一定程度的细化。所获三元阳极涂层主要组成物相为金红石 (Ru ,Sn ,Ti)O2 固溶体 ,SnO2 组元含量较高的涂层出现不同成分金红石相共存的现象 ;当涂层退火温度由 45 0℃升高至 6 0 0℃后 ,SnO2 组元不能阻止 (Ru ,Sn ,Ti)O2 固溶体脱溶分解 ,并析出六方晶系Ru单质 ;添加SnO2 组元的RuO2 SnO2 TiO2 涂层晶粒外观呈较理想等轴状特征     

甲叉膦酸系阻垢缓蚀剂阻垢作用的对比研究

以动静态联合法对甲叉膦酸系阻垢缓蚀剂垢作用进行了对比研究，通过分析计算提出了阻垢作用的动力学机制制。由动态法给出的阻垢能力变规律与静态法实验结果不尽相同，文中对比了分析。