基于FPGA的线阵X射线图像采集系统

基于FPGA实现了一套线阵X射线图像采集系统。系统以FPGA芯片作为核心控制器,在FPGA上实现了线阵X射线图像传感器的控制、A／D采样控制、图像数据缓存、高速率图像传输接口等功能。图像传输接口基于CameraLink协议,具有传输速率高、抗干扰能力强、通信距离长等优势。系统已经应用于一套X射线图像检测设备中,通过试验验证,该系统集成度高、结构简单、设计灵活,图像采集性能可以满足高速检测要求下系统实时性和可靠性的要求。     

燃料棒X射线照相技术

燃料棒X射线照相是燃料辐照后检验项目之一。主要用于观察包壳管内UO2燃料芯块在堆内辐照后的变化情况。针对燃料棒本身具有很强放射性和细长的特点,从实验室结构、照相装置、工艺参数选择等方面介绍燃料棒X射线照相技术。检验结果表明设计的实验装置完全满足燃料棒X射线检验要求。     

X射线数字实时成像检测技术在浅海钢管铺设中的应用

针对浅海钢管铺设中X射线数字实时成像检测技术的应用,专门研制设计了钢管自动X射线实时成像检测系统,包括X射线检测单元、机械传动系统、专用软件与控制系统和辐射防护系统等,开展了钢管对接焊缝X射线实时成像检测试验与工程应用。研制的浅海船舶钢管对接焊缝X射线数字实时成像检测系统能够适应复杂恶劣的工作条件,具有移动定位精度高、适用性强、大幅提高效率和节省成本等优点。     

曝光参数对X射线数字成像系统图像质量的影响

通过设计正交试验,分析了X射线数字成像(DR)系统中曝光参数对图像对比度和分辨率的影响,讨论了曝光参数对DR检测系统图像质量的影响,为该DR检测系统曝光曲线的制作提供了数据支持。结果表明,选择较低能量的X射线可以提高衰减系数,从而提高图像对比度。     

环形核燃料元件焊缝的数字X射线成像检测

环形核燃料元件是一种两面冷却的新型、高效和安全的燃料元件,为确保该元件环焊缝的焊接质量,对其进行了数字X射线成像检测,检测结果表明,柱面环焊缝射线检测图像灵敏度(最小可见丝径)达0.20 mm,端部环焊缝射线检测图像灵敏度达0.10 mm。通过金相试验进一步验证了该检测方法可满足该类焊缝的质量评价要求。     

基于Faster-RCNN的船舶焊缝X射线缺陷图像检测技术应用

将目标检测网络Faster-RCNN应用在船舶焊缝X射线缺陷图像检测中,探讨了Faster-RCNN在X射线焊缝缺陷检测中的效果。针对船舶工业中的X射线焊缝图像,首先采用CLAHE方法对焊缝X射线图像进行预处理,并将焊缝中存在的气孔、裂纹、未熔合等5种具有典型特征的缺陷作为识别目标进行标注并对数据进行增强。在目标识别上,采用ResNet-50作为主干网络来减少梯度弥散现象提高模型准确率,并针对焊缝缺陷目标小的特点对RPN网络锚点参数进行改进优化,同时引入FPN网络提取缺陷特征。最后与其他检测算法进行对比,试验结果表明,该数据集在模型上的m_AP值达到96.33%,可以满足X射线焊缝缺陷自动化辅助检测要求。     

预应力索灌浆质量的X射线检测

介绍了预应力索的基本结构与质量要求,以及国内外现有的无损检测方法。详细分析了预应力索灌浆的试验设计和X射线检测透照参数的确定。结合某工程实例,证明采用X射线法检测预应力索灌浆质量是可行和适用的。     

细长轴加工的单片机误差补偿系统设计

建立细长轴车削的数学模型,分析细长轴加工误差来源。设计一个误差补偿系统,利用单片机实时检测细长轴零件的变形,从而控制刀具的切削用量。试验结果表明:该系统可以有效提高零件的加工精度。     

焊缝X射线胶片数字化图像低对比度细长线缺陷的检测

焊缝X射线数字化图像中像素宽度不超过3个像素的细长线缺陷,其对比度低,常有间断,常规的X射线焊缝缺陷检出算法难以有效检出。针对此类缺陷,提出了在滤波降噪的基础上,采用逐列自适应阈值法对图像中细长线缺陷进行初步分割,然后应用改进的局部霍夫变换剔除初步分割结果中的大量噪点,准确分割出细长线缺陷。试验结果表明,所提出的方法能够适应不同灰度范围的X射线图像、克服噪声及缺陷间断的影响,有效检测出低对比度细长线缺陷。     

钢丝芯皮带的X射线检测

工业生产中,钢丝芯皮带中的钢丝芯断裂是皮带撕裂主要原因,一般方法对钢丝芯皮带检测较难。通过对人工检测、电磁检测、热成像方法进行对比发现,这些方法检测少量、单根钢丝芯皮带比较方便,检测排列密度高的钢丝芯皮带难度较大。根据皮带中的钢丝芯对X射线吸收多而皮带吸收少的特点,采用满足检测要求的X射线强度透照钢丝芯皮带,并对X射线增强器采集的图像进行处理和分析,最后通过神经网络方法准确判断出钢丝芯的缺陷位置。试验证明,采用X射线方法检测效率高,能够对各种复杂排列的钢丝芯皮带进行检测,且该方法比一般方法更直观,更能够准确判断出缺陷位置。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis