触变成型镁合金AZ91D在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

用失重法、金相显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了金属型铸造镁合金AZ91D和触变成型镁合金AZ91D在3．5％NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为与组织之间的关系。结果显示：触变成型镁合金的耐蚀性高于金属型铸造镁合金是因为微观组织的不同所致。在腐蚀初期，触变成型镁合金内层试样腐蚀速率高于表层试样，这是由于表层组织中的卢相含量高于内层组织；随腐蚀进行，腐蚀速率基本一致腐蚀主要发生在阳极（共晶α相和α相）区域，卢相作为电偶腐蚀的阴极。电偶对的腐蚀电位、相对位置和面积比是影响触变成型镁合金腐蚀速率的主要因素。     

镁合金轮毂的铸造工艺与组织性能

分别采用金属型铸造、常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造法制备了轮毂用Mg-2.9Nd-0.18Zn-0.35Zr镁合金,对比分析了三种不同铸造工艺下铸态和T6态镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,探讨了镁合金的强化机理。结果表明,金属型铸造合金的组织为α-Mg和以鱼骨状形式存在于晶界处的Mg_(12)Nd共晶相,平均α-Mg相尺寸约51μm,常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造合金的α-Mg相尺寸和Mg_(12)Nd相相似,但是后者的α-Mg相更加细小;三种铸造工艺下镁合金的主要物相都为α-Mg和Mg_(12)Nd,金属型铸造合金中α-Mg的晶格常数要比常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造的小。三种铸造工艺下T6态镁合金基体中都析出了细小短棒状β'相,且T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造镁合金中β'相的尺寸相对金属型铸造更大,而T6态流变挤压铸造镁合金中还发现了细小盘状β"相。铸态和T6态镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度为:流变挤压铸造常规挤压铸造金属型铸造;T6态常规挤压铸造和流变挤压铸造相对金属型铸造镁合金的强度提高主要来自细晶强化和析出强化,且流变挤压铸造的细晶强化和析出强化效果要优于常规挤压铸造。     

触变成型镁合金AZ91D在兰州城市大气中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了兰州大气中触变成型镁合金AZ91D的腐蚀行为.结果表明:发生的腐蚀是与降水有关的电偶腐蚀，湿度是影响腐蚀过程的主要因素之一;腐蚀发生在原固相区的α相和液相区的共晶α相，β相作为腐蚀的阴极区;α相表面形成的表面膜和龟裂是α相腐蚀加剧的主要控制因素.腐蚀产物与大气中的腐蚀性气体CO2，SO2有关.     

热处理对半固态触变成形镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对金属型铸造成形及半固态触变成形镁合金AZ91D组织与性能的影响。半固态触变成形使镁合金组织中的α-Mg固溶体由树枝状转变为球状，其抗拉强度和伸长率得到大幅度的提高；同时，由于固溶强化作用使镁合金的抗拉强度、伸长率与普通金属型铸造成形相比提高幅度达51．6％和248．11％。     

消失模铸造AZ91镁合金组织及耐蚀性研究

通过采用金相分析、能谱分析、电子万能材料试验机、腐蚀失重法、极化测试及交流阻抗分析等手段,研究了消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为,并与普通砂型铸造及金属型铸造方法进行了比较.研究结果表明,消失模铸造镁合金组织除了粗大的α相与β相外,还出现了球状的Al-Mn-Fe三元相,造成消失铸造镁合金的力学性能及耐蚀性能低于砂型铸造及金属型铸造.本试验条件下,消失模铸造AZ91合金的抗拉强度及伸长率分别为135.6MPa与1.4%.失重法测得的消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的腐蚀速率为0.64 mg/(cm2·d),为金属型铸造的2.2倍.极化曲线及交流阻抗等电化学研究表明,铸造工艺对镁合金的腐蚀行为有明显影响,消失模铸造镁合金的自腐蚀电位较低,但自腐蚀电流密度较大,分别为-1.577V与1.39×10-5Amp/cm2.     

固溶时间对金属型铸造和粉末触变成形6061铝合金组织的影响

采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了在535℃下不同固溶时间对金属型铸造和粉末触变成形6061铝合金组织的影响。结果表明,粉末触变成形6061铝合金在535℃固溶处理3h后,共晶相充分固溶到α-Al基体内部,初生相颗粒与二次凝固区的颗粒通过合并长大。而金属型铸造6061铝合金经过6h固溶处理后,共晶相固溶完毕,与粉末触变成形相比,金属型铸造的固溶进程较慢。     

La对AZ91D镁合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

镁合金AZ91D中加入质量分数为1％的La时，合金在常温下的抗拉强度和延伸率分别增大了21％和101．2％，并且腐蚀速率下降为原AZ91D的47．2％．其中力学性能的提高主要是由于加入La后形成了（Al，Mg）11La3强化相，同时，细化了β相．耐蚀性的提高则是由于La的加入形成了具有类网状结构的β相，这种类网状结构的β相能有效地抑制腐蚀过程的进行，从而提高了镁合金的耐蚀性．当La加入量进一步增大时，合金力学性能缓慢增大，但其耐蚀性却明显降低，特别是当La达到2％时，合金的腐蚀速率甚至高于原合金的腐蚀速率．这主要是由于过多的La导致镁合金基体α相的Al含量大大降低，从而降低了镁合金的耐蚀性．     

微观组织对AZ系铸造镁合金的腐蚀行为影响研究

耐腐蚀性能的提升有助于轻量化镁合金材料的进一步广泛应用。本文以AZ41和AZ91两种铸造镁合金为研究对象，采用XRD、OM、SEM、EPMA等手段表征分析微观组织，利用EIS测试了两种Mg-Al-Zn合金在0.1 M的Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性能，结合宏微观腐蚀形貌探讨了微观组织对腐蚀行为的影响机制。研究结果表明，与AZ41合金相比，浸泡初期AZ91合金表面的氧化膜相对完整且化学稳定性更高，在腐蚀初期起到保护作用，AZ91合金浸泡初期的耐蚀性能优于AZ41合金；随浸泡时间延长，AZ41合金中连续网状的过饱和α-Mg+β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂共晶组织阻碍合金的腐蚀扩展；而AZ91合金中不连通的离异共晶β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相与α-Mg基体耦合，造成明显的局部腐蚀现象。     

触变成形ZA27合金的微观组织

通过OM、SEM和XRD对触变成形并经5年自然时效的ZA27合金的微观组织进行了观察。结果表明:经触变成形后的ZA27合金由球状初生粒子α′相、晶间的二次凝固组织及半固态成形时没有凝固完全的小液池组成。共晶方式主要为离异共晶及其中"蜂窝"状棒状共晶,部分区域出现不规则层片共晶。ZA27合金在后期的冷却和自然时效过程中,经过了一系列的相变,β相发生胞状分解,形成规则的共析α+η层片组织或不规则的复杂形状组织,从一些层片区域逐渐向低铝的α′相区域中心生长为粗大的层片组织,当其生长被α′中心的连续分解所阻挡时,在其芯部形成细小的α+η颗粒组织。     

固溶处理对粉末触变成形2024合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉末触变成形制备了2024合金,研究了固溶处理对其组织和力学性能的影响,并与金属型铸造2024合金进行了对比。结果表明,在485℃下进行固溶处理,触变成形合金组织发生了明显变化,而金属型铸造合金由于大量共晶相存在于树枝晶间,其组织演变比粉末触变成形合金的组织演变慢;与金属型铸造合金相比,粉末触变成形合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率分别提高了18.6%、20.9%和287.1%,而在485℃×4h固溶时,其力学性能达到了峰值,抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率分别为333 MPa、278 MPa和16.5%。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis