用Marx法精确测量内耗和弹性模量时的计算公式

考虑了组合振子法测量内耗(Q~(-1))和弹性模量时粘结层和支持导线的效应。求解了描述组合振子耦合振动的联立偏微分方程组,得出了试样内耗和弹性模量的精确表达式。粘结层附加内耗与粘结层中应变振幅平方及其内耗乘积成正比。支持导线附加内耗正比于细丝内耗和试样内耗乘积。粘结层一般减小振子共振频率。解释了小内耗试样测量中观察到的由粘结层流变和开裂所造成的非线性不稳定背景内耗现象,例如多重共振峰、呼吸现象等。提出了用Marx法准确测量的有效措施。     

FORMULAE FOR MEASURING INTERNAL FRICTION AND MODULUS BY MARX METHOD

考虑了组合振子法测量内耗(Q~(-1))和弹性模量时粘结层和支持导线的效应。求解了描述组合振子耦合振动的联立偏微分方程组,得出了试样内耗和弹性模量的精确表达式。粘结层附加内耗与粘结层中应变振幅平方及其内耗乘积成正比。支持导线附加内耗正比于细丝内耗和试样内耗乘积。粘结层一般减小振子共振频率。 解释了小内耗试样测量中观察到的由粘结层流变和开裂所造成的非线性不稳定背景内耗现象,例如多重共振峰、呼吸现象等。 提出了用Marx法准确测量的有效措施。     

CuZnAl合金的马氏体及其相变的阻尼性能SCIEI

本文研究了CuZnAl合金在马氏体及马氏体相变时的阻尼性能。结果表明,在马氏体状态的内耗是一种M/M界面内耗,利用位错内耗理论的表达式可解释其变化规律。在马氏体相变区的内耗,包括M/M界面内耗及相变内耗两级分,其中相变内耗又由马氏体逆转变产生的内耗及应力诱发马氏体内耗两部分组成,并且前者占主导地位、合金阻尼性能的衰减与激振过程中引入的位错有关,并在一定振动次数后趋向一稳定值。     

热处理制度对Ti49.2Ni50.8合金内耗性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和倒置低频扭摆仪研究了不同热处理状态Ti-50.8%Ni(摩尔分数)合金的低频阻尼性能.结果表明:固溶处理试样只存在马氏体相变内耗峰,而时效处理试样中既有马氏体相变内耗峰,也发现有R相变内耗峰,相变内耗峰均对应弹性模量极小值,相变内耗峰与频率成反比;在时效处理试样中,马氏体相和R相的阻尼性能高于母相(B2);时效处理对马氏体相变有抑制作用;在400℃时效的TiNi合金中,于200K左右处发现内耗峰,随着频率的增加,低温内耗峰向高温方向运动,此内耗峰与时效析出的Ti3Ni4粒子钉扎位错有关,用钉扎位错脱钉的G-L模型解释了低温内耗峰,此内耗峰的脱钉既包括机械脱钉,也包括热激活脱钉.     

非线性滞弹性内耗的实验和理论研究

本文评述了非线性滞弹性内耗研究的新近发展，非线性滞弹性内耗与线性滞弹性内耗的主要区别是它不但呈现频率内耗峰和温度内耗峰，还在出现温度内耗峰的温度范围内出现振幅内耗峰。自１９５０年首次发现非线性滞弹性内耗现象以来，截至目前，已经发现了两种呈现非线性滞弹性内耗的体系：（１）点缺陷（空位与溶质原子）与位错的交互作用，在这方面已有了丰富的实验结果，提出了有关的物理模型，也进行了一些理论研究工作，（２）位错     

Ni49.8Ti50.2合金马氏体逆相变的瞬态内耗与频率间关系的定量分析

采用动态力学分析仪测定了Ni49.8Ti50.2形状记忆合金在不同振动频率下的内耗-温度曲线,利用迭代法定量分析了内耗-温度曲线,将其分为本征和瞬态两个分量,定量研究了瞬态内耗与频率间的关系.研究表明该合金的内耗值随着频率的增加而降低.根据所确定的理论模型由某个频率下的瞬态内耗-温度曲线可预测其他频率下的瞬态内耗-温度曲线.     

Fe-Al合金中与Al反位置原子弛豫有关的内耗峰

利用内耗方法对Fe47Al53合金中Al反位置原子的运动特征进行了研究,在410℃附近观察到了一个与合金热历史相关的弛豫型内耗峰.在快冷样品中内耗峰高度明显高于慢冷样品时内耗峰的高度;而对于快冷样品,升温测量时内耗峰高度又明显高于随后的降温测量时内耗峰的高度,内耗峰高度表明该内耗峰与快冷时残留的缺陷有关.由于该内耗峰激活能为1.88 eV,与Fe47Al53合金中Fe空位的迁移能相当,因而该峰应产生于应力诱导下Al反位置原子在Fe空位之间的运动.     

可变孔隙率多孔NiTi合金的内耗行为

研究了不同孔隙特征多孔NiTi合金的内耗与相变行为及其频率响应,提出用等效内耗参数表征多孔NiTi合金实体部分的阻尼能力.结果表明:多孔NiTi合金内耗峰产生的主要诱发因素是相变及应力诱发下各种界面(含孪晶界、相界面等)的迁移;在不同的加载频率下,多孔NiTi合金的内耗值曲线按双曲线规律变化;在相同的频率和振幅下,孔隙率、孔隙尺寸和开孔度的增加导致与界面迁移相关内耗幅值有所削弱;各内耗峰值温度也受到孔隙参数的影响;多孔NiTi合金的等效内耗峰值明显高于致密NiTi合金.     

灰铸铁低频内耗与孕育量及组织的关系研究

运用低频内耗谱分析和光学显微镜观察,研究了灰铸铁阶梯试样在不同孕育剂加入量下的微观组织与内耗的关系。试验结果表明：随着温度的升高,内耗值先增加后减小;冷却速度较大,得到菊花状石墨时内耗值最小;石墨面积越大,内耗值就越大,石墨越细小,内耗值就越小。试验结果可望作为灰铸铁减振特性的科学表征。     

含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金的晶界内耗SCIEI

本文研究了含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金系的晶界内耗。发现加进0.584—0.722wt-％的La,明显降低了合金的晶界内耗峰,使晶界峰向高温移动,并在高温处产生一个小内耗峰。对结果做了讨论。进一步阐明了晶界内耗机制:晶界中原子尺寸(即点)缺陷或它们的簇,在应力作用下运动引起内耗。     

Dissimilar spot welding of aluminium alloy and galvannealed steel by metal flow-application of friction anchor welding to aluminium alloy and Zn-coated steel

ABSTRACT

Lap joints of an upper Al alloy (1.0-mm-thick A5052) and lower hot dip galvanized steel (1.2-mm-thick GI steel) were welded by a novel spot welding process for dissimilar metal lap joints using a new tool with the tip made of spherical ceramics, i.e. ‘Friction Anchor Welding.’ As a result, the rotating tool was plunged only to 1.3–1.4 mm from the Al alloy surface, and accordingly, a steel projection was not formed in the Al alloy sheet. Further, the Al alloy near the rotating tool was removed. However, near this removed area, the Zn layer on the GI steel melted and was removed by friction heat, and consequently, the GI steel and the Al alloy were welded. Thus, the tensile shear strength reached about 2.6 kN/point.     

Dissimilar spot welding of aluminium alloy and hot dip galvanised steel by metal flow: application of friction anchor welding to aluminium alloy and Zn-coated steel

Lap joints of an upper Al alloy (1.0 mm-thick A5052) and lower hot dip galvanized steel (1.2 mm-thick GI steel) were welded by a novel spot welding process for dissimilar metal lap joints using a new tool with the tip made of spherical ceramics, i.e. ‘Friction Anchor Welding’. As a result, the rotating tool was plunged only to 1.3–1.4 mm from the Al alloy surface, and accordingly, a steel projection was not formed in the Al alloy sheet. Further, the Al alloy near the rotating tool was removed. However, near this removed area, the Zn layer on the GI steel melted and was removed by friction heat, and consequently, the GI steel and the Al alloy were welded. Thus, the tensile shear strength reached about 2.6 kN/point.     

Zn 2.0%Al 1.5%Mg合金镀层组织结构及性能研究

采用X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了Zn 2.0%Al 1.5%Mg锌铝镁镀层物相、形貌及组织结构,对锌铝镁及镀锌试样进行SST、CCT耐蚀性对比试验,并测定了维氏硬度、动摩擦因数。结果表明,锌铝镁镀层主要由初生Zn相、Zn/MgZn2二元共晶组织和Zn/MgZn2/Al三元共晶组织组成;锌铝镁镀层较纯锌镀层具有良好的耐腐蚀性,同时较纯锌镀层具有较高的硬度以及较低的动摩擦因数。     

高强度锌铝合金摩擦磨损特性的试验研究

采用ＭＭ２００磨损试验机，测定和对比了铸造锌铝合金（ＺＺｎＡｌ２７Ｃｕ２Ａ和ＺＺｎＡｌ２７Ｃｕ２Ｄ）和工业上常用铜合金（ＺＣｕＳｎ６Ｚｎ６Ｐｂ３，ＺＣｕＡ１１０Ｆｅ３和ＺＣｕＺｎ３３Ｍｎ２Ｐｂ２）的摩擦磨损特性。试验测定了合金在不同载荷和转速条件下的摩擦系数和磨损量及其对配对材料的磨损，结果表明，锌铝合金是一种更适于在重载低速条件下使用的减摩材料     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THE RESIDUAL DISTORTION OF Al ALLOY SHEET AFTER FRICTION STIR WELDING

大尺寸6056铝合金薄板经过搅拌摩擦焊接实验后出现了严重的面外变形,虽然变形程度小于熔化焊结果, 但已经影响到被焊薄 板的装配和使用.为详细研究和预测铝合金薄板在搅拌摩擦焊后的残余变形, 以焊接实验条件为基础, 建立了搅拌摩擦焊接三维有限元 热力耦合分析模型. 模型中涉及了利用搅拌头工作转矩计算热输入量、工件和卡具之间的接触热传导、随温度变化的材料模型, 以及综合 考虑搅拌头机械作用等工作.利用该模型可以得到不对称的纵向残余应力结果, 残余变形的趋势在整块板上都与实验结果相同, 而且变形量和实验测量值之间的误差在20%以内.     

铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊接残余变形的数值分析

大尺寸6056铝合金薄板经过搅拌摩擦焊接实验后出现了严重的面外变形,虽然变形程度小于熔化焊结果,但已经影响到被焊薄板的装配和使用.为详细研究和预测铝合金薄板在搅拌摩擦焊后的残余变形,以焊接实验条件为基础,建立了搅拌摩擦焊接三维有限元热力耦合分析模型.模型中涉及了利用搅拌头工作转矩计算热输入量、工件和卡具之间的接触热传导、随温度变化的材料模型,以及综合考虑搅拌头机械作用等工作.利用该模型可以得到不对称的纵向残余应力结果,残余变形的趋势在整块板上都与实验结果相同,而且变形量和实验测量值之间的误差在20%以内.     

Method for the evaluation of the low-cycle fatigue strength of welded joints using the J-integral energy criterion

Summary

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of aluminium in the Zn coating on electrode life in welding galvanized steel sheet. Three hot‐dip galvanized and one electro‐galvanized steel sheet types were prepared for this study. Aluminium content in the coatings varied within the range 0.26–0.87 mass% for the three types of hot‐dip galvanized sheet.

The approach used here included EDX, AEX analysis of the coating layers, electrode life tests and EPMA analysis of electrodes after 900 spots were welded.

The results were as follows:

1. The electrode lives of HDG materials were changed at approximately 0.3–0.4 mass% Al content in Zn coating. Materials with low‐Al coating content showed over three times longer electrode lives than materials with high‐Al coating content.

2. Although the thickness of Al oxide layers was in proportion to the Al content in Zn coatings, the obvious correlation between electrode life and thickness of Al oxide layers was not observed.

3. In the case of low‐Al coating content, it was observed that Fe‐Zn alloy grew from the steel‐coating interface to the Zn coating. It was considered that, in the initial stage of welding, the content of Fe in Zn coating increased immediately.

4. In the case of high‐Al coating content, Fe‐Al alloy was observed at coating‐steel interfaces instead of Fe‐Zn alloy. It was known that Fe‐Al alloy suppresses the Fe‐Zn alloying reaction. Zn coating was not alloyed with Fe in initial stages of welding.

5. From these results, it was concluded that aluminium in coatings affected electrode life by changing the melting point of coating layers between the electrode and the steel. The melting point of low‐Al content coating layers rose because of the diffusion of Fe into the Zn coating. This phenomenon decreased electrode wear and electrode life was long. In contrast, the melting point of high‐Al content coating layers remained low. This phenomenon caused electrode alloying easily and also increased electrode wear. As a result, electrode life became shorter.

     

Sliding wear and friction behavior of ZA-27 alloy reinforced by Mn-containing intermetallic compounds

A ZA-27 alloy reinforced with M n-containing intermeta llic compounds was prepared and its tribological behaviors were investigated. By adding Mn, RE, Ti and B into ZA-27 alloy, the test alloy (ZMJ) was fabricated by sand casting. Microstructural analysis shows that considerable amount of Mn-containing intermetallic compounds such as Al5MnZn, Al9(MnZn)2 and Al65 Mn(RE)6Ti4Zn36 are formed. Compared to ZA-27, ZMJ shows better wear resistance, lower friction coefficient and lower temperature rise of worn surface under lubricated sliding condition. ZMJ also shows the lowest steady friction coefficient under dry friction condition. The wear resistance improvement of ZMJ is mainly attributed to the high hardness and good dispersion of these Mn-containing intermetallic compounds. It is indicated that the intermetallic compounds play a dominant role in reducing the sever adhesive and abrasive wear of the ZA-27 alloy.     

Joint formation in dissimilar Al alloy/steel and Mg alloy/steel friction stir spot welds

Abstract

The microstructural features and overlap shear strength properties of friction stir spot welds made between Al 6111 and low carbon steel, and between Mg alloy AM60 and DP600 dual phase steel, are investigated. When Al 6111 is the upper sheet in the dissimilar sandwich, completed spot welds show evidence of intermetallic layer formation and cracking. Increasing tool pin penetration into the lower sheet provided increased mechanical interlocking of the sheets due to clinching. However, increasing penetration also promoted intermetallic formation and cracking in completed welds. However, dissimilar AM60/DP600 steel friction stir spot welds produced with AM60 as the upper sheet in the dissimilar sandwich do not show evidence of intermetallic formation and cracking may be avoided by removing the zinc coating on the DP600 steel before the friction stir spot welding operation.     

硅,锰合金化耐磨锌合金的研究

采用正交组合回归设计试验方法，研究了合金元素硅，锰对高锰锌合金性能的影响，选定了Ｚｎ－Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ－ＲＥ耐磨合金成分，该合金摩擦系数低，耐磨性好，用其制造的车床主轴轴瓦，使用效果良好。