准静态压缩纯钛的微观结构和织构演变

对纯钛圆柱样品进行准静态压缩试验,研究纯钛在准静态条件下的微观结构和织构演变及其变形机制。结果发现:准静态压缩纯钛中均形成了{2110}、{1211}和{2211}3种类型形变孪晶,微观结构演变经历了形变孪晶细化晶粒、孪晶达到饱和和晶粒破碎细化阶段。织构演变也经历了初始双峰织构转变为圆环状分布、圆环状分布转变为基面织构和基面织构增强3个阶段。微观结构和织构演变分析表明,准静态压缩纯钛的变形机制是:低应变阶段(ε≤0.3)以形变孪生为主,孪生饱和后(ε0.3)转变为以位错滑移为主,其孪生饱和临界应变为0.3。     

Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.4Zr合金热扭转过程组织演化规律及变形机理EI北大核心CSCD

针对固溶态Mg-11Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.4Zr合金,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术结合剪应力等效施密特因子计算,系统研究该合金在350~450℃热扭转过程中组织演化规律及变形机理,为该合金剪切变形工艺的开发提供理论支撑。结果表明:扭转变形后,该合金原始等轴晶粒沿着剪切方向被拉长,同时,形成具有剪切特征的变形织构。350℃变形时,该合金变形机制以基面滑移为主,部分晶粒发生拉伸孪晶,孪晶变体的选择满足施密特定律,且当基面滑移和拉伸孪晶受抑制时,发生LPSO相扭折变形协调应变;400℃变形时,部分晶粒出现二次孪晶,并在孪晶界和扭折界面发生动态再结晶;450℃变形时,形成变形晶粒和再结晶晶粒的“双模”组织,再结晶织构为随机织构,可以显著弱化变形织构。     

工业纯钛机械孪晶演化及其对纯钛低温力学性能的影响

对工业纯钛(TA2)在液氮介质中机械孪晶随应变量的变化规律以及孪晶对晶粒尺寸的依赖性进行了研究。结果表明:在静拉伸过程中孪晶分数随应变量的增加而增加,孪晶的形成主要在均匀塑性变形阶段,尤其在塑性变形的初期,颈缩后孪晶分数增加缓慢。孪晶形貌的演化规律为:在变形的初始阶段生成孪晶的尺寸比较大,在随后的塑性变形中又发生破碎,最终形成一些孪晶密集的区域。低温下纯钛的塑性变形方式为孪生和滑移共同作用。粗晶粒(55μm)和细晶粒(18μm)的纯钛在室温和低温下的拉伸实验结果表明,晶粒的粗化没有降低纯钛的塑性,低温下粗、细晶粒纯钛的塑性均比室温下的高。这种现象与纯钛低温下活跃的孪生密切相关。     

纯钛板材冷拉深成形过程中的组织与性能

纯钛板材冷拉深成形困难,组织与力学性能变化显著。文章以TA2纯钛半球形曲面件冷拉深成形为对象,研究该成形过程中材料的微观组织与力学性能变化,分析拉深变形特点与微观组织、力学性能的关系,并进一步研究改善拉深件后续塑性变形能力的热处理方法。结果表明,拉深件不同区域微观组织及力学性能存在差异:变形量越大,形变孪晶越多,组织形貌越复杂,强度越高,塑性越低。退火可以有效地改善其组织及力学性能,退火温度对微观组织均匀性和晶粒大小有显著的影响。     

高应变速率对纯钛塑性变形的影响

利用动态塑性变形(DPD)和准静态压缩变形(QSC)技术对纯钛圆柱样品进行对比压缩试验,研究了不同应变速率下纯钛形变孪晶和微结构演变。结果发现:2种变形方式的变形机制相似,低应变时以形变孪生为主,孪生饱和后转变为位错滑移主导;高应变速率促进了形变孪晶的产生,激发{4211}压缩孪晶的形成,同时使变形机制转变临界应变提前至0.2;纯钛在高应变速率和高应变(ε≥0.6)下出现绝热剪切带(ASB)。     

热压缩过程中温度对Mg-Zn-Er合金显微组织及织构演化的影响（英文）

通过光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜研究热压缩过程中Mg-Zn-Er合金的显微组织及织构的演化。结果表明,温度对动态再结晶(DRX)具有很大的影响。当温度为200?C、应变量为0.6时,由于应力集中使得非基面滑移?a+c?位错被激活,孪生动态再结晶机制(TDRX)开始启动。当温度为350?C时,围绕着初始晶粒的项链状结构出现,这是典型的连续动态再结晶机制(CDRX)。动态再结晶对弱化织构具有非常重要的影响,同时低温下孪生对弱化织构也起到一定的作用。研究还发现,当温度从200?C提高到350?C时,由于动态再结晶形核位点从孪晶界向初始晶界转移,织构减弱。     

动态压缩条件下高纯钛微观组织特征研究

利用光学显微镜(OM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高纯钛低-中应变动态压缩变形的微观组织特征进行了研究。结果表明：随着应变量(ε)的增加,晶粒内部通过孪晶与孪晶,孪晶与位错以及位错与位错之间的交互作用逐步细化原始晶粒;变形初期,形变孪生以{11-22}孪晶为主,当ε达到0.2后,{10-12}孪晶转变为主要形变孪生类型,孪生改变了原始晶粒的取向,进一步促进晶粒内部的位错滑移。高纯钛动态压缩变形经历了由位错滑移到形变孪生,再到位错滑移主导的过程,但位错滑移和孪生始终共同作用协调动态压缩变形。     

TA1纯钛冷轧变形机理

对TA1纯钛进行了不同变形量的冷轧加工，使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及维氏硬度测试研究了TA1纯钛冷轧变形机理。结果表明，TA1纯钛在轧制过程中存在织构变化，轧制使<0001>//TD的择优取向强度先增加后减小，并且基面上的双峰织构分布强度变弱。轧制会使α晶粒内产生孪晶，并以压缩孪晶为主。随着轧制变形量的增加，轧制产生的塑性变形由孪生转变为滑移，且位错密度逐渐增加，加工硬化效果更加显著，硬度不断增加。     

动态压缩条件下高纯钛微观组织特征

利用光学显微镜(OM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高纯钛低-中应变动态压缩变形的微观组织特征进行了研究。结果表明:随着应变量(ε)的增加,晶粒内部通过孪晶与孪晶,孪晶与位错以及位错与位错之间的交互作用逐步细化原始晶粒;变形初期,形变孪生以{1122}孪晶为主,当ε达到0.2后,{1012}孪晶转变为主要形变孪生类型,孪生改变了原始晶粒的取向,进一步促进晶粒内部的位错滑移。高纯钛动态压缩变形经历了由位错滑移到形变孪生,再到位错滑移主导的过程,但位错滑移和孪生始终共同作用协调动态压缩变形。     

粗晶Mg-Gd-Y-Zr热轧板材高速超塑性变形中的微观结构与织构演变(英文)

研究Mg-Gd-Y-Zr热轧板高速超塑性变形过程中的微观结构与织构演变。在应变速率0.01s-1、变形温度400-500℃的条件下,高温拉伸获得伸长率为180%-266%。变形后的微观结构采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜进行表征;变形后的晶体取向信息采用宏观织构测试分析获得。研究结果表明:高速超塑性是通过动态再结晶协调下的第一类位错蠕变来实现的。合金变形前在435℃预热600s后,观察到了孪晶诱发的再结晶现象;当变形量为80%时,初始的晶粒细化导致均匀的动态再结晶组织。动态再结晶与动态析出的交互作用使得较细的晶粒与较高密度的第二相粒子相伴存在;尽管发生动态再结晶,宏观织构的演变依然表现出基面滑移与柱面滑移导致的晶体转动特征。     

镁合金塑性变形力学行为与微观组织研究进展

介绍了镁合金在单轴压缩、单轴拉伸、轧制和挤压条件下塑性变形的力学行为及微观组织结构演变规律。简述了镁合金中二次拉伸孪生现象以及各种变形条件下孪生与孪生变体类型的选择规律。基于对镁合金位错滑移、机械孪生及动态回复与再结晶行为的认识,对镁合金力学行为的各向异性、轧制与挤压成型能力的影响规律进行了探讨,强调了初始织构对变形机制、动态再结晶及成型能力的重要影响。最后讨论了析出强化镁合金塑性变形与强韧化机理。     

Textures in high purity aluminum foils and AA3004 sheets

1　INTRODUCTIONWithincreasingdemandsofhighmaterials properties ,thetexturesinAlandAlalloysplaymoreandmoreimportantrole .Highpurityaluminumfoilsneedverystrongcubetexture ,whichwillfavorthe“channeletching”effectforhighvoltageelectrolyticcapacitors ,andAA30 0 4aluminumalloysheetsneedcertaincubetexturetosuppressthe 4 5°earingbehav iorresultingfromstrongrollingtexturecompo nents[1] .InAlandAlalloys ,heavycoldrollingwillresultinstrongβ fibertexturescomposedofthewellknownCu ({ 112 }〈111〉…     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的中温变形机理及软化机制(英文)

研究AZ31镁合金挤压板材在473～523K的温度范围内。应变速率0.001～1.0s-1压缩时的流变应力行为,计算板材沿挤压方向压缩时的激活能,并结合光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜探讨合金软化机制和变形机理之间的联系。结果表明,在中温下沿挤压方向压缩时,AZ31挤压态镁合金的变形激活能为174.18kJ/mol。这说明,由热激活位错交滑移所控制的动态再结晶是合金中温变形的主要软化机制。位错滑移是中温变形的主要变形机理,而孪生的作用则不大。其主要的动态再结晶机制为持续动态再结晶,并伴随少量的孪生动态再结晶。     

Non-crystallographic shear banding in crystal plasticity FEM simulations: Example of texture evolution in α-brass

We present crystal plasticity finite element simulations of the texture evolution in α-brass polycrystals under plane strain compression. The novelty is a non-crystallographic shear band mechanism [Anand L, Su C. J Mech Phys Solids 2005;53:1362] that is incorporated into the constitutive model in addition to dislocation and twinning. Non-crystallographic deformation associated with shear banding leads to weaker copper and S texture components and to a stronger brass texture compared to simulations enabling slip and twinning only. The lattice rotation rates are reduced when shear banding occurs. This effect leads to a weaker copper component. Also, the initiation of shear banding promotes brass-type components. In summary the occurrence of non-crystallographic deformation through shear bands shifts face-centered-cubic deformation textures from the copper type to the brass type.     

Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.SNd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress.The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction,while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the cor-rosion response after deformation.The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corro-sion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress.Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy,thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins.The { 10(1)2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip,and { 10(1)2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation.The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.     

Texture Evolution and Dynamic Recrystallization of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr Alloy During Hot Rolling

In the present work,the sheets of Zr-1Sn-0.3Nb-0.3Fe-0.1Cr alloy were hot rolled with different reductions(10%,30%,50%,and 60%) at 1023 K and 1073 K.The micro structure evolutions including grain micro structure,texture,and dislocation were investigated,using electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that dislocation slip,twinning,and dynamic recrystallization(DRX) were the main deformation mechanisms.DRX was found to be promoted by larger reduction and higher rolling temperature.The predominant texture formed during hot rolling was basal 0001//ND,whose intensity reached peak value after 30% reduction hot rolling.While the intensity of DRX texture 10-10//ND and1-210//ND increased with increasing reduction and temperature.This study provided an effective way to tailor the texture and microstructure of the alloy,for optimizing process parameters.     

AZ91D镁合金屑的固相再生(英文)

利用固相再生技术回收利用AZ91D镁合金屑,具体工艺为先冷压再热挤。结果表明:制备的AZ91D镁合金具有较好的力学性能且晶粒明显细化。在热挤出过程中发生了动态再结晶,且动态再结晶组织受到热挤温度和应变速率的影响,在300-350 °C下基面滑移和孪晶协调变形导致动态再结晶晶粒产生,形成"项链"组织;在 350-400 °C下位错的交滑移控制动态再结晶形核;高于400 °C时位错攀移控制了整个动态再结晶过程,形成均匀的再结晶组织。随着应变速率增加AZ91D镁合金力学性能增大,改善了材料的力学性能,但应变速率过大,制备试样表面出现裂纹,影响材料的力学性能。     

Relating Initial Texture to Deformation Behavior During Cold Rolling and Static Recrystallization Upon Subsequent Annealing of an Extruded WE43 Alloy

Deformation behaviors during cold rolling and static recrystallization behaviors upon subsequent annealing of an extruded WE43 alloys with different initial textures were investigated in this study. Three types of differently textured WE43 initial alloys were labeled as samples I, II and III. The results showed that multiple twinning modes and basal slip dominated the deformation of samples during cold rolling. Cold-rolled sample I activated the larger number of double twins with high strain energy, accompanied by the more uniform strain distribution, than cold-rolled samples II and III. During subsequent annealing, recrystallized grains preferentially occurred in double twins, twin-twin intersections and grain boundaries, thereby making cold-rolled sample I have the more rapid recrystallization rate. Similar recrystallization textures formed in three types of cold-rolled samples at the recrystallization nucleation stage, and they never largely changed with the annealing time due to the uniform grain growth induced by the solute drag and the precipitation pinning at grain boundaries. After full recrystallization, the grain growth was controlled by the solute drag, instead of precipitates which were re-dissolved into the matrix. Finally, the nucleation and growth kinetics of static recrystallization were calculated, and the effects of initial texture on activation energies of recrystallization nucleation and growth were discussed.