固液混合铸造Al-20%Mn合金显微组织的研究

高合金含量的Al-Mn合金(含量为20%),由于Mn含量高,传统铸造组织十分粗大,力学性能很差,不能应用.采用固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-20%Mn, 探讨了固液混合铸造制备微晶合金的机理.研究表明,合金的显微组织明显细化,其平均晶粒尺寸都能控制在10 μm以下,且晶粒呈球形或近球形,其显微组织优于普通铸造和不加粉半固态铸造组织.     

Ti-47Al—6Nb-2Cr合金的制备与表征

采用非自耗电弧熔炼铸造方法,制备了Ti-47Al-6Nb-2Cr合金。采用金相观察、扫描电镜及透射电镜对其显微组织进行表征。结果表明,Ti-47Al-6Nb-2Cr合金在双相区近γ处理加循环快速热处理,可有效地将粗大的柱状组织细化成50μm~100μm的层状组织,这一细化过程主要是利用了块型转变的逆反应γ→α转变。     

淬火介质对铸造Ti-46A1-2Nb-2Cr合金晶粒细化的影响

用磁悬浮感应熔炼铸造方法制备了Ti-46A1-2Nb-2Cr(at,%)合金,通过显微组织观察,研究了快速循环热处理过程中不同淬火介质对合金晶粒细化的影响.结果表明,淬火介质明显影响铸态合金的显微组织.采用水冷有利于铸态合金晶粒的细化,加快细化的进程.这是南于采用水冷可获得较快的冷却速度,有利于获得具有高密度位错等缺陷快型转变组织,从而在γ相向α相转变时可提供更多的形核位置.     

冷却速率对粗晶铸造TiAl合金显微组织的影响

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼铸造方法制备了晶粒粗大的TI-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金.通过显微组织观察,研究了在高温预处理过程中,不同淬火介质下的冷却速率对铸态合金显微组织的影响.结果表明,冷却速率明显影响了粗晶铸造Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的显微组织.快速冷却有利于后续热处理晶粒的细化,提高细化效果,加快细化的进程;冷却速率较慢则会降低细化效果,降低细化的速率.     

淬火介质对铸造Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr合金晶粒细化的影响

用磁悬浮感应熔炼铸造方法制备了Ti-46Al-2Nb-2Cr（at,%）合金,通过显微组织观察,研究了快速循环热处理过程中不同淬火介质对合金晶粒细化的影响。结果表明,淬火介质明显影响铸态合金的显微组织。采用水冷有利于铸态合金晶粒的细化,加快细化的进程。这是由于采用水冷可获得较快的冷却速度,有利于获得具有高密度位错等缺陷快型转变组织,从而在γ相向α相转变时可提供更多的形核位置。     

晶粒细化对Fe-Ni-Mo-Cr系马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响

采用显微组织观察和力学性能测试,研究了晶粒细化处理对Fe-Ni-Mo-Cr系马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,等温循环相变可使晶粒平均尺寸达到8～10 μm;同时使合金的马氏体板条碎化,亚结构和析出相形核位置增多,逆转变奥氏体长大速度加快.循环细化后的时效合金中调幅组织更为明显,棒状的Ni3Mo、Ni3Ti及逆转变奥氏体的弥散度也比未经过循环细化处理的要大,合金的强度和塑性明显改善.     

Zr对2E12铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究Zr元素对2E12铝合金T4态显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:添加质量分数0.3%的Zr元素可以细化合金的铸态组织,使晶粒平均尺寸从42 μm降低至30 μm左右,并促使晶粒等轴化;锻造过程中Zr可以抑制合金的再结晶,防止晶粒长大,改善2E12-T4态的显微组织,提高合金的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和断面收缩率分别提高5.4%、11.3%、9.7%和12.6%;合金的强化机理主要包括晶粒细化、颗粒弥散强化及形变强化.     

Mg-Cd-Nd-Zn-Zr合金的组织与力学性能研究

通过显微组织观察和力学性能测试等手段研究了Mg-Cd-Nd-Za-Zr合金的组织和力学性能.结果表明:Cd和Nd能细化镁合金晶粒,铸态平均晶粒尺寸细化到35 μm左右.挤压态平均晶粒尺寸细化到约10 μm;Mg-Cd-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金经挤压变形后综合力学性能提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高到334和330 MPa,伸长率达到15%.     

Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对铸造Al-10Mg合金的细化行为

在铸造Al-10Mg合金中添加Al-5Ti-1B中间合金,观察合金的金相组织,测试其显微硬度.结果表明:Al-5Ti-1B对Al-10Mg合金有良好的细化效果,在加入量达到0.1%时,合金平均晶粒尺寸由650 μm变为62μm;随着保温时间的增加,细化效果有所衰退;Al-5Ti-1B的加入使合金的显微硬度提高了近10%.     

TiAl合金片层组织的形成与细化工艺及其机理研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描和透射电镜等仪器表征了TiAl合金的片层组织及结构特征,研究了Ti-48Al at%合金片层组织的形成机制和片层组织细化工艺及其机理。结果表明,Ti-48Al合金单级热处理能够得到全片层组织,平均晶粒尺寸约150μm,片层间距约1.30μm。其形成过程是:γ相在α相晶内(0001)面上通过全位错分解成核,通过不全位错滑移、层错区扩展而长大。循环热处理和双温热处理均能将片层晶粒尺寸细化到30μm,片层间距0.90μm,前者的细化机理为相变重结晶细化了α相晶粒,后者细化片层组织的关键在于低温段(α2+γ)两相区热处理形成细小的双态组织。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

34Cr2Ni2Mo

正34Cr2Ni2Mo结构钢具有高的强度、韧度和良好的淬透性和抗过热的稳定性,但白点敏感性高,有回火脆性。焊接性较差,焊前需经高温预热,焊后需消除应力,经调质后使用。一般制作强度高、塑性好的重要零部件,渗氮处理后制作特殊性能要求的重要零件,如轴类、齿轮、紧固件等。