表面硅化对C/C复合材料组织结构的影响

采用表面固相渗硅工艺在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC涂层 ,研究了制备工艺对涂层和C/C复合材料组织结构的影响。结果表明 :硅化反应时间对C/C复合材料的SiC涂层厚度影响不大 ;C/C复合材料组织中热解碳基体与碳纤维相比 ,更易与Si反应生成SiC ,说明碳纤维的稳定性高于热解碳 ,Si通过界面和材料缺陷扩散深入基体内部。     

陶瓷先驱体聚硅氮烷连接Cf/SiC工艺及连接性能

采用陶瓷先驱体转化法连接Cf／SiC复合材料。针对Cf／SiC复合材料的不同连接界面特性,采用不同的连接配方和工艺。结果表明：对于第一类以SiC相为主的连接界面,采用单一的聚硅氮烷即可实现Cf／SiC复合材料的连接,当连接温度为1300℃,经两次浸渍／裂解增强处理的连接件接头抗剪强度达最大值29．6MPa;连接层厚度为2～3μm,其结构较为均匀致密,由无定型SiNC陶瓷组成;对于第二类以C纤维端面为主的连接界面,采用聚硅氮烷并加入活性填料纳米Al粉来实现其连接：当连接温度为1150℃,经两次浸渍／裂解增强处理的连接件抗剪强度达最大值22．5MPa;连接层厚度约为30μm,连接层中含有SiC、Si3N4和AlN等相。     

SiCf/Ti-22Al-23Nb-2Ta合金复合材料的界面微结构

利用分析电子显微镜（AEM）研究了磁控溅射法＋真空热压方法制备的SiC纤维增强Ti-22Al—23Nb-2Ta（原子分数，％）合金复合材料的界面微结构．该复合材料的纤维／合金界面由细晶粒的TiC＋TiSi层、等轴晶TiC层和（Al，Ti）Nb2相层组成．界面的形成主要是基体合金中的Ti元素与SiC纤维表面的C涂层直接反应生成TiC；同时导致在次层形成贫Ti层和贫Ti层中Nb元素富集，以致形成（Al，Ti）Nb2相．     

C_f/SiC复合材料与钛合金Ag-Cu-Ti-C_f复合钎焊

采用Ag-Cu-Ti-Cf(Cf:碳纤维)复合钎料作中间层,在适当的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金,利用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛与Cf/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面形成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC化合物的混合反应层.复合钎料中的铜与钛合金中的钛发生互扩散,在连接层与钛合金界面形成不同成分的Cu-Ti化合物过渡层.钎焊后,形成碳纤维强化的致密复合连接层.碳纤维的加入缓解了接头的残余热应力,Cf/SiC/Ag-Cu-Ti-Cf/TC4接头抗剪强度明显高于Cf/SiC/Ag-Cu-Ti/TC4接头.     

(Ag-Cu-Ti)+(Ti+C)复合钎料钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与TC4钛合金

Ag-Cu-Tj复合钎料中加入Ti粉和石墨碳粉作为中间层,在适当的工艺条件下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与TCA.利用SEM,EDS,XRD分析接头微观组织,利用剪切试验检测接头力学性能.结果表明:钎焊时,复合钎料中的Ti与Cf/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面形成由Ti3、SiC2相、Ti5Si3相和少量TiC化合物组成的混合反应层.复合钎料中的Cu与Ti合金中的Ti发生互扩散,在连接层与Ti合金界面形成不同Ti含量的Cu-Ti化合物过渡层.钎焊后,连接层中Ti和石墨碳反应形成的TiC微粒均匀分布在复合连接层中,缓和了接头的热应力.当连接温度为910℃,保温时间为25 min时,可得到接头剪切强度为145 MPa.     

ZrB2基层状复合材料的制备与性能研究

以SiC颗粒和纳米SiC晶须复合增韧的ZrB2为基体层，以金属Mo为界面层，采用轧膜成型和热压烧结的方法，在1950℃，1h，25MPa压力／Ar气氛的条件下，成功制备了ZrB2／Mo层状复合材料。结果表明：制备的ZrB2／Mo层状复合材料的室温断裂韧性可达9．3±0．21MPa·m^1/2：通过对Mo界面层的合金化可使其抗弯强度达到400±36MPa，并且减弱了Mo层的室温脆化，克服了层状材料开裂现象。其主要增韧机制包括裂纹分叉钝化、裂纹偏转、裂纹沿界面层并行扩展等。Mo与ZrB2基体层发生界面反应生成MoB，ZrB以及Mo5SiB2，从而形成了强结合界面，影响了层状结构强韧化优越性的发挥。     

Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎焊分析

在适当的工艺参数下,用(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎料真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金,采用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头组织结构,利用剪切试验检测接头的力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛、锆与Cf/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面生成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC(ZrC)化合物的混合反应层,在连接层与钛合金界面形成Ti-Cu化合物扩散层.增强相钨粉能有效缓解接头的残余热应力,提高接头力学性能,在连接温度930℃,保温时间20 min的工艺条件下,增强相钨粉含量为15%(体积分数)时,接头抗剪强度最高为166 MPa.     

表面硅化对C／C复合材料组织结构的影响

采用表面固相渗硅工艺在Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料表面制备ＳｉＣ涂层,研究了制备工艺对涂层和Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料组织结构的影响。经瓜时间对Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的ＳｉＣ涂层厚度影响不大;Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料组织中热解碳基体与碳纤维相比,更易与Ｓｉ反应生成ＳｉＣ说明碳纤维的稳定性热解碳,Ｓｉ通过界面和材料缺陷扩散深入基体内部。     

C／C坯体对RMI C／C—SiC复合材料组织的影响

以PAN基炭纤维（Cf）针刺整体毡为预制体，用化学气相渗透（CVI）、浸渍炭化（IC）方法制备了不同炭纤维增强炭基体的多孔C／C坯体，采用反应熔渗（RMI）法制备C／C—SiC复合材料，研究了渗Si前后坯体的密度和组织结构。结果表明：不同C／C坯体反应溶渗硅后复合材料的物相组成为SiC相、C相及单质Si相；密度低的坯体熔融渗硅后密度增加较多；密度的增加与开口孔隙度并不是单调增加的关系，IC处理的坯体开口孔隙度低，但渗硅后复合材料的密度增加较多；IC坯体中分布分散的树脂C易与熔渗Si反应，CVI坯体中的热解C仅表层与熔渗Si反应，在Cf和SiC之间有热解C存在；坯体密度相同时，IC处理的坯体中SiC量较多，单质Si相含量少且分散较好，而CVI坯体中SiC量较少，单质Si相的量较多；制备方法相同时，高密度的C／C坯体，渗硅后C相较多。     

SiC改性碳复合材料的微观结构分析和力学性能研究

利用SiC与碳基材料复合，采用原位合成技术制备了一种新型碳陶瓷复合材料。采用XRD和SEM技术分别表征材料的相组成和微观形貌结构，并利用万能材料试验机测试了复合材料的抗压和抗折性能。XRD测试结果表明，SiC改性碳陶瓷复合材料中没有新相产生。由SEM照片分析可知，SiC的掺杂破坏了石墨原有的层片状结构，并在碳石墨材料中观察到颗粒状晶体，随着SiC掺量的增加，散乱分布的晶粒有聚集长大的趋势，造成碳陶瓷复合材料结构的进一步破坏。力学性能测试结果表明，当掺入10％SIC（质量分数）时，材料的抗折强度最大，为58．8MPa；而在SiC掺量为5％（质量分数），其抗压强度达到最大，为157．4MPa。     

The concept of a strong interface applied to SiC/SiC composites with a BN interphase

Strong interfaces have been shown to allow improvement of the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC). The concept of a strong interface has been established in SiC/SiC composites with pyrocarbon (PyC) or multilayered (PyC/SiC) fiber coatings (also referred to as interphases). The present paper reports an attempt directed at applying the concept of a strong interface to SiC/SiC composites with a BN coating (referred to as SiC/BN/SiC). Fiber bonding and frictional sliding were investigated by means of push-out tests performed on 2D-composites as well as on microcomposite samples, and tensile tests performed on microcomposites. The stress–strain behavior of the SiC/BN/SiC composites and microcomposites is discussed with respect to interface characteristics and location of debonding either in the coating or in the fiber/coating interface.     

Influence of heat treatment on the internal friction of 2D-C/SiC composites

The internal friction of two-dimensional C/SiC composites (2D-C/SiC) was investigated in air by means of three-point bending forced vibration, compared with the specimens after heat treatment. The result shows that the effects of PyC interface between carbon fibers and SiC matrix play an important role on the internal friction characters of 2D-C/SiC composites, which leads to some unique internal friction phenomena in 2D-C/SiC composites. After the heat treatment, the PyC interface produces damage that make internal friction increased and dynamic modulus decreased. The heat treatment makes the internal friction of 2D-C/SiC composites more insensitive to temperature and frequency, and more sensitive to amplitude.     

Pressureless sintering of ZrC-based ceramics by enhancing powder sinterability

The sinterability of ZrC was enhanced by high-energy ball milling as well as introduction of graphite and SiC as sintering additives. Densification process and microstructure development were investigated for ZrC-based ceramics densified by pressureless sintering. As-received ZrC powder showed poor sinterability. After high-energy ball milling, ZrC powder can be sintered to 98.4% theoretical density at 2100 °C. The obtained ceramic had fine microstructure and fewer entrapped pores. Introduction of 2 wt.% graphite combined with high-energy ball milling lowered the densification temperature of ZrC. The relative density of obtained ceramic reached up to 95% at 1900 °C. Introduced SiC inhibited ZrC grain growth during sintering and consequently avoided the entrapped pores within the grains. The relative density of ZrC-SiC reached up to 96.7% at 2100 °C. ZrC-SiC composite formed an interesting intragranular structure and had high fracture strength at room temperature.     

层状ZrB2基陶瓷的增韧机制分析

将传统陶瓷中的轧膜工艺应用到超高温陶瓷的制备上,制备ZrB2基层状复合陶瓷。根据层间应力需求设计材料组分。基体层组分为ZrB2+10vol%SiCp+10volSiCw;中间层组分为ZrB2+44.1vol%SiCp+37vol%MoSi2。复合陶瓷在1950℃,25MPa条件下热压烧结制成并进行机械性能测试及微结构观察。结果显示,复合陶瓷有较高的致密度,力学性能较纯ZrB2陶瓷有较大的提升。微观结构观察表明,由于层状结构的存在,裂纹在扩展过程中反复偏转,吸收了大部分能量,有效的提高了复合陶瓷的韧性。复合陶瓷的增韧机制为弱界面层对裂纹的偏折、裂纹分支、基体片层的破坏以及基体片层内部增韧的协同增韧。     

Microstructures and Properties of the C/Zr-O-Si-C Composites Fabricated by Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis

A way to improve the ablation properties of the C/SiC composites in an oxyacetylene torch environment was investigated by the precursor infiltration and pyrolysis route using three organic precursors (zirconium butoxide, polycarbosilane, and divinylbenzene). The ceramic matrix derived from the precursors at 1200 °C was mainly a mixture of SiC, ZrO₂, and C. After annealing at 1600 °C for 1 h, ZrO₂ partly transformed to ZrC because of the carbothermic reductions and completely transformed to ZrC at 1800 °C in 1 h. The mechanical properties of the composites decreased with increasing temperature, while the ablation resistance increased due to the increasing content of ZrC. Compared with C/SiC composites, the ablation resistance of the C/Zr-O-Si-C composites overwhelms because of the oxide films which formed on the ablation surfaces. And, the films were composed of two layers: the porous surface layer (the mixture of ZrO₂ and SiO₂) and the dense underlayer (SiO₂).     

ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC涂层C/C复合材料的制备及氧化性能（英文）

为了提高C/C复合材料的抗氧化性,在C/C复合材料基体上制备了ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC涂层。采用包埋法制备SiC中间层,采用喷涂法制备ZrB2-MoSi2外涂层。用XRD和SEM分别分析、测试所制备涂层的物相组成和显微结构,研究涂层复合材料的高温抗氧化性能。结果表明:C/C复合材料的外涂层由ZrB2、MoSi2和SiC三相组成;在1273K和1773K下分别氧化30h和10h后ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC涂层试样的质量损失分别为5.3%和3.0%,涂层表面长有纳米SiC晶须。C/C复合材料ZrB2-MoSi2/SiC涂层具有自愈合特性和良好的高温抗氧化性能。     

碳纤维增强Cu-Ti3SiC2自润滑复合材料的研究

介绍了碳纤维的表面处理及碳纤维增强铜基复合材料的制备工艺与性能的研究进展.三元层状碳化物Ti3SiC2兼具金属和陶瓷的优良性能,更有意义的是它具有很好的自润滑性能和比传统的固体润滑剂石墨、二硫化钼更低的摩擦系数.将Ti3SiC2弥散强化Cu与碳纤维复合强化Cu结合,制备出的复合材料,可望有效提高其自润滑性能,被认为在许多领域有着广泛的应用前景.     

碳热还原协同溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米ZrB2粉末

利用ZrO2-B2O3-C反应体系碳热还原的基本原理,分别使用正丙醇锆（Zr（Oc3H7）4）、硼酸（H3BO3）和蔗糖（C12H22O11）为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-碳热还原法合成了二硼化锆（ZrB2）纳米粉末。我们首先使用络合剂醋酸（AcOH）修饰Zr（OC3H7）4,以防止Zr（OC3H7）4的快速水解;其次,选用蔗糖作为碳源,是考虑到蔗糖热解时可以完全分解为碳,这样可以准确计算热解过程碳的生成量。此外,研究了凝胶温度对ZrB2纳米粉末形貌的影响。结果表明：当起始原料B／Zr（mol）=2．3、热解温度为1550℃时,通过碳热还原协同溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了单相ZrB2纳米粉末;当凝胶温度分别为65、75和85℃时,ZrB2纳米粉末形貌从球状演变为链状,最后生长为棒状,生长机理为定向吸附。     

Mechanism of ablation of 3D C/ZrC–SiC composite under an oxyacetylene flame

Ablation behavior of 3D C/ZrC–SiC composite was tested under an oxyacetylene flame and an ablation mechanism was proposed. A five-layer microstructure formed after ablation, including the ZrO₂-melting layer, the porous layer, the SiO₂-rich layer, the SiC-depleted layer and the composite substrate. The ablation rate is controlled by oxidations of carbon fibers, SiC and ZrC in the first stage, and then controlled by the scouring away of ZrO₂–SiO₂ binary melt by gas flow and the oxygen diffusion through the glassy ZrO₂–SiO₂ layer. Finally the evaporation of SiO₂ controls the ablation rate cooperative with the last mentioned two ablation behavior.