SmCl_3-CaCl_2及SmCl_3-LiCl体系相图的研究SCIEI

用DTA和X射线衍射方法研究了 SmCl_3-CaCl_2及SmCl_3-LiCl二元体系相图.发现前者属于简单低共熔型,低共熔点e_1为55.8mol%SmCl_3,545℃;后者属于有化合物分解的相图类型,该异分熔点化合物为Sm_2LiCl_7,分解温度434℃,转熔点p组成为39.0mol％SmCl_3.低共熔点e_2为31.5mol％SmCl_3,395℃。     

SmCl_3-CaCl_2及SmCl_3-LiCl体系相图的研究

用DTA和X射线衍射方法研究了 SmCl_3-CaCl_2及SmCl_3-LiCl二元体系相图.发现前者属于简单低共熔型,低共熔点e_1为55.8mol%SmCl_3,545℃;后者属于有化合物分解的相图类型,该异分熔点化合物为Sm_2LiCl_7,分解温度434℃,转熔点p组成为39.0mol％SmCl_3.低共熔点e_2为31.5mol％SmCl_3,395℃。     

DETERMINATION OF PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl PHASE DIAGRAM

本文用差热分析法重新测定了组成PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl三元系的三个侧边二元系相图,测定了该三元系中6个不同组成的变温截面,从而构筑了PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl三元相图。该三元系由分别对应于PrCl_3,NaCl,2NaCl·LiCl,NaCl·LiCl和LiCl的5个液相面,7条二次结晶线,两个转熔点和一个共晶点构成。转熔点和共晶点的温度和组成分别为:P_1(416℃,30.3mol％NaCl,44.2mol％LiCl,25.5mol％PrCl_3);P_2(409℃,25.0mol％NaCl,50.0mol％LiCl,25.0mol％PrCl_3);E(404℃,20.0mol％NaCl,55.4mol％LiCl,24.6mol％PrCl_3)。二元和三元相图液相限的测量误差约为±5℃和±7℃。     

ACTIVITIES OF COMPONENTS IN MgO-B_2O_3 MELT

本文以Sn作为金属熔剂,石墨作为还原剂用,“渣-金”化学平衡法在1500和1550℃下,测定了MgO-B_2O_3二元系熔渣中Mgo的活度,并采用α函数积分法求得了该二元系熔渣中B_2O_3的活度。此外,由B_2O_3和MgO的活度数据估算了复合化合物2MgO·B_2O_3和3MgO·B_2O_3的标准生成自由能。     

TbCl_3-MCl_n体系相图的研究(M=Li,Mg,Ca,Pb;n=1,2)

借助于DTA与X-射线衍射法研究了TbCl_3-MCl_n(M=Li、Mg、Ca、Pb;n=1,2)二元体系相图,发现它们都属简单低共熔型相图,其低共熔点的组成与温度分别为50.1 mol.-％TbCl_3(445℃)、67.5 mol.-％TbCl_3(589℃)、65.9 mol.-％TbCl_3(563℃)和35.6 mol.-％TbCl_3(445℃);在固相下都有不稳定化合物生成,其化合物分别为:LiTbCl_7、Mg_2TbCI_7、CaTb_2Cl_8和PbTbCl_5。它们的分解温度分别为388(在352℃有一相转变)、500、521(在483℃也有一相转变)、405℃。同时探讨了相图的某些规律。     

红色荧光粉Ca_3Y_2Si_3O_(12):Eu~(3+)的制备及发光特性

采用高温固相法合成了红色荧光粉Ca_3Y_2Si_3O_(12):Eu~(3+)。研究了Eu~(3+)离子掺杂浓度、助熔剂及Gd~(3+)共掺杂对荧光粉发光特性的影响。XRD检测结果显示,荧光粉的主晶相为Ca_3Y_2Si_3O_(12),属单斜晶系。荧光光谱分析表明:硅酸盐荧光粉Ca_3Y_2Si_3O_(12):Eu~(3+)的发射光谱包含2个主峰,峰值分别位于590和614 nm,归属于Eu~(3+)离子从~5D_0→7~F_1和~7F_2的特征跃迁。用614 nm最强峰监测,得到激发光谱为一多峰宽带(200~500 nm)。改变Eu~(3+)离子掺杂浓度发现:随着掺杂量增加,荧光粉发光强度先增加后降低,最佳掺杂量为20 mol%;讨论了几种助熔剂的影响:NaCl、CaF_2作为助熔剂,对荧光粉的发光强度影响不大,H_3BO_3作为助熔剂降低荧光粉的发光强度,而NH_4F能显著提高荧光粉的发光强度;Gd~(3+)可以作为一种很好的共激活剂,敏化Eu~(3+)离子发光。     

SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋材料发光性能的影响因素的研究

采用高温固相法在氢气还原气氛下制备了光致发光材料SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋。研究助熔剂用量、焙烧温度、保温时间等因素对材料发光性能的影响。研究表明助熔剂用量、焙烧温度、保温时间对材料的发光性能影响很大,且均存在一个最佳值,当基质原料中助熔剂用量为15％（质量分数）,焙烧温度为1250℃,保温时间为4h时所得发光材料的性能最好。XRD测试表明,所制备的材料SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋属单斜晶系;发射光谱测试表明,材料SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋的发光光谱是以Eu^2＋为发光中心位于525nm的带状谱。     

TiO2对镁锰牺牲阳极材料显微组织和电化学性能的影响

研究了含TiO2的熔剂对镁锰牺牲阳极材料显微组织和电化学性能的影响。结果表明，用含TiO2的熔剂对Si和Fe含量较高的纯镁处理后，镁熔体的Si和Fe的含量分别降到了0．0045％和0．005％。金相观察表明。TiO2的加入细化了晶粒。根据镁钛二元合金相图和X衍射图谱，有微量的钛固溶于镁基体中，并且没有发现第二相。当采用含20％TiO2的熔剂处理镁熔体时，镁阳极的电化学性能已经达到了行业标准。     

热力学优化Bi-Ni二元系

基于文献报导的实验数据,采用相图计算（CALPHAD）方法,热力学优化了Bi-Ni二元系相图。该二元系的液相、fcc_A1（Ni）相和rhombohedral_A7（Bi）相用替换溶液模型来描述,其过剩吉布斯自由能用Redlich-Kister多项式来表达。考虑到晶体结构（NiAs型）以及与多组元体系热力学数据库的兼容性,中间化合物BiNi相采用亚点阵模型：（Bi）（Ni,Va）（Ni,Va）;Bi3Ni相处理为化学计量比化合物。最后,通过优化该二元系实测的相图和热力学数据,获得一组能够表达各相吉布斯自由能的自洽的热力学参数。根据这些热力学参数计算的相图和热力学数据与报导的实验数据吻合良好。     

制备方法和助熔剂对BaAl2B2O7：Eu^3＋光谱特性的影响

采用固相法和水热法制备了BaAl2B2O7：Eu^3＋系列发光体，研究了制备方法对其光谱特性的影响、助熔剂对发光强度和微观形貌的影响、激活剂浓度对发射强度的影响。研究表明；固相法制备的发光体Eu^3＋存在621nm的^5D0→^7F2强发射和772nm的^5Do→^7F5．6弱发射，通过对多种助熔剂优选NaF为最佳的助熔剂，掺杂NaF的发光体仅在772nm的发射大幅度增强，说明助熔剂对发射光谱的特定波长有突出的增强作用：当掺杂Eu^3＋浓度较低时和水热法制备的荧光体在455nm存在Eu^2＋的4f^65d^1→^8S7／2强发射；此外还研究了BaAl2B2O7：Eu^3＋中Eu^2＋→Eu^3＋的能量传递。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.