Effects of minor Ca on as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc and Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloys

The effects of the addition of 0.6% Ca (mass fraction) on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc and Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc magnesium alloys were investigated and compared by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and tensile and creep tests. The results indicate that the addition of 0.6% Ca to the Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc and Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloys can refine the grains of the two alloys. At the same time, the addition of 0.6% Ca to the Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc and Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloys can effectively improve the tensile properties of the two alloys. In addition, the addition of 0.6% Ca can also improve the creep properties of the Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloy but is not beneficial to the creep properties of the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloy. The different effects of minor Ca on the creep properties of the Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc and Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-0.9Sc alloys are possibly related to the difference in the solid solubilities of Ce and Y in Mg.     

Effects of Minor Zr and Sr on As-Cast Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn (wt.%) Magnesium Alloy

The effects of minor Zr and Sr on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn (wt.%) alloy were investigated using optical and electron microscopies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and tensile and creep tests. The microstructural results indicate that small additions of Zr and/or Sr to the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn alloy do not cause an obvious change in the morphology and distribution of the Mg₁₂YZn phase in the alloy. The tensile and creep tests indicate that, although small additions of Zr and/or Sr to the Mg-4Y-1.2Mn-1Zn alloy do not have obvious effects on the creep properties of the alloy, the tensile properties at room temperature and 300 °C for the alloys added with Zr and/or Sr are improved. Among the Zr- and/or Sr-containing alloys, the alloy specifically added with of 0.5 wt.% Zr + 0.1 wt.% Sr obtains the optimum tensile properties, and is followed by the alloys added with 0.5 wt.% Zr and 0.1 wt.% Sr.     

Nd对铸态及轧制态Mg-Zn-Y合金组织及性能的影响

在Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y合金中添加不同含量(0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%)的稀土元素Nd,研究其对Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y合金铸态及轧制态显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.4%、0.8%的Nd的合金晶粒较细小,呈等轴晶,并且含有Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5相。镁合金在热轧时第二相被破碎,晶粒变得更加细小。铸态合金经400℃×12h扩散退火,轧制态合金经400℃×0.5h退火后抗拉强度及伸长率最大,分别为234MPa、14.6%和265MPa、11.7%。     

Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc和Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-1Zn镁合金铸态组织和力学性能的比较(英文)

比较研究了Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-0.9Sc和Mg-3Ce-1.2Mn-1Zn镁合金的铸态组织和力学性能。结果表明:含Sc合金主要由α-Mg、Mg12Ce和Mn2Sc相组成,而含Zn合金则主要由α-Mg和Mg12Ce相组成。然而,含Sc和含Zn铸态合金中Mg12Ce相的形貌是不同的。含Sc合金中的Mg12Ce相主要呈颗粒状,而含Zn合金中的Mg12Ce相则主要呈连续和/或准连续的网状。同时,含Sc合金的晶粒较含Zn合金的相对较为细小。此外,虽然含Sc合金和Zn合金在室温和300°C下具有相似的抗拉性能,但含Sc合金在300°C和30MPa下持续100h后的抗蠕变性能较Zn合金的好。     

热处理工艺对高真空压铸Mg–8Gd–3Y–0.4Zr镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究T4和T6热处理状态下高真空压铸Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr（质量分数,%）合金的微观组织、化合物含量、力学性能及断裂行为。铸态Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金微观组织主要由α-Mg和共晶Mg24（Gd,Y）5化合物组成。经固溶处理后,共晶化合物大量溶解于镁基体,合金主要含过饱和α-Mg及方块相。固溶合金中方块相的含量随固溶温度的升高而增大,力学性能也有所提高。根据微观组织结果,确定475℃,2 h为Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金最优固溶方案。合金的最佳屈服强度为222.1 MPa,延伸率可达15.4%。铸态,T4状态下和T6状态下合金的拉伸断裂模式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al magnesium alloy with yttrium and neodymium

The effects of rare earth (RE) elements Y and Nd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that a proper level of RE elements can obviously refine the microstructure of Mg-6Al magnesium alloys, reduce the quantity of/β-Mg17Al12 phase and form Al2Y and AI2Nd phases. The combined addition of Y and Nd dramatically enhances the tensile strength of the alloys in the temperature range of 20-175℃. When the content of RE elements is up to 1.8%, the values of tensile strength at room temperature and at 150℃ simultaneously reach their maximum of 253 MPa and 196 MPa, respectively.The main mechanisms of enhancement in the mechanical properties of Mg-6Al alloy with Y and Nd are the grain refining strengthening and the dispersion strengthening.     

Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr合金中β相的形貌和晶体学特征(英文)

通过OM、SEM、TEM及EDS分析,研究MgGdYNdZr镁合金中β相的形貌、成分和晶体学特征,分析连续冷却与等温时效两种方式对β相析出行为的影响规律。结果表明,合金在400°C过时效阶段的沉淀相为(1100)面上的板状和块状β相。β相以(1100)为惯习面,与基体的取向关系为(211)//(0110),[011]//[0001]。根据EDS统计分析确定β相的成分为Mg5(Y0.4Gd0.4Nd0.2),与Mg5Gd同型。在连续冷却方式中,相变驱动力较小,晶界等缺陷处结构紊乱,易于松弛、应变,因而优先在晶界附近形核。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2Y-xZn (x=1, 2, 3 at%) Alloys

研究了Mg-2Y-xZn(x=1,2,3 at%)合金在铸态、退火态和挤压态的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:随着合金中Zn含量的增加,合金显微组织中第二相依次为18R-LPSO相、(LPSO+W)混合物和W相。在退火过程中,层片状的14H-LPSO结构析出并沿块状18R-LPSO结构向基体中生长,W相由铸态时弯曲的条纹状转变为颗粒状。经过挤压变形后,LPSO结构和W相均沿挤压方向排列,合金性能得到大幅度提高,其中Mg-2Y-1Zn合金具有最好的室温力学性能,抗拉强度为320 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%。     

Sn对Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd镁合金组织和耐蚀性能的影响

用静态失重法、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了不同含量的Sn对Mg-6Al-1.2Y-0.9Nd镁合金的微观组织以及在3.5%NaCl腐蚀介质中的腐蚀速率和表面腐蚀形貌的影响。结果表明,添加1%Sn 时,合金的晶粒得到了明显的细化,组织和成分更加均匀;当Sn含量大于1%时,合金的析出相增多,并出现粗化、偏聚的趋势。在NaCl溶液中,合金的腐蚀速率均随着Sn含量的增加呈现先降低后增加的趋势,其中当Sn含量为1%时合金的腐蚀速率均达到最低,耐蚀性能得到明显地改善。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

研究热处理工艺对砂型铸造Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,分析不同热处理条件下合金的断裂机制,获得最佳热处理工艺。结果表明:Mg–4Y–2Nd–1Gd–0.4Zr合金的最佳T4和T6热处理工艺分别为525°C,8 h和(525°C,8 h)+(225°C,16 h)。在最佳T6热处理条件下,Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr合金的硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为HV91、180 MPa、297 MPa和7.4%。此外,不同状态的Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr镁合金也显示出不同的拉伸断裂方式。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-10Gd-3Y-0．5Zr镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相分析、SEM、硬度试验和拉伸试验等方法分析和测试砂型铸造 Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr 镁合金在T6态（固溶后空冷然后时效）下的显微组织和室温力学性能,讨论该合金的断裂机理。结果表明,砂铸Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金在225℃和250℃时效下的最优T6热处理工艺分别为（525℃,12 h＋225℃,14 h）和（525℃,12 h＋250℃,12 h）。峰时效下T6态Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金主要由α-Mg＋γ＋β′相组成,2种峰时效热处理工艺下合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为339.9 MPa、251.6 MPa、1.5%及359.6 MPa、247.3 MPa、2.7%。在不同热处理工艺下Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr合金断裂的类型不同,峰时效态合金的断裂方式为穿晶准解理断裂。     

Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金的组织和性能

设计了新型Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr镁合金,并用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及拉伸试验机对合金铸态、均匀化态及挤压态的显微组织特征和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,铸态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的块状长周期堆垛有序结构相组成,均匀化处理(450℃×16h)促使细小层片状的长周期堆垛有序结构相由晶界向晶内生长。挤压态Mg-6Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在200℃下时效处理,无明显时效硬化现象,但挤压态合金具有优良的强韧性能,室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为335MPa、276MPa和17%。     

Mg-1Mn-1Zn镁合金的组织与腐蚀行为研究

采用金属型铸造制备Mg-1Mn-1Zn(wt％)三元合金,并将其挤压成棒材.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、浸泡试验法等研究了Mg-1Mn-Zn合金的微观组织及其在0.9％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金室温组织由树枝状的α-Mg相、非平衡共晶MgZn化合物相和脱溶析出的α-Mn相构成.热挤压使等轴晶粒沿挤压方向被拉长,呈现纤维状组织.Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率随时间增加逐渐降低.经过264 h浸泡后,挤压态Mg-1Mn-1Zn合金的平均腐蚀速率为0.44 mm/a,比铸态合金的低26.7％.     

Zn对Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过在Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金中添加Zn,采用SEM、XRD及万能拉伸试验机,研究了Zn添加对其铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg₅(Gd,Y)和Mg₂₄(Y,Gd)5相组成,而添加质量分数为0.5%~1.5%的Zn后,合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mg₅(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg₂₄(Y,Gd,Zn)₅及Mg₁₂(Gd,Y)Zn相组成。添加0.5%的Zn后,合金的室温力学性能明显提高,当Zn含量高于1.0%后,镁合金的室温力学性能开始逐步降低。当Zn含量为0.5%时,合金具有较佳的综合力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为197 MPa、160 MPa和4.37%。Zn对Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr合金铸态力学性能的影响与其铸态组织中Mg₅(Gd,Y,Zn)、Mg₂₄(Y,Gd,Zn)₅和Mg₁₂(Gd,Y)Zn第二相及其数量有关。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd alloys

Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, 3 and 5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting, and the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the grain size of as-cast alloys reduces and the hardness and strength increase with the increase of Nd content. The alloys are aged followed by solid solution treatment. Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-3Nd and Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloys exhibit obvious age hardening response. The hardness value of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy increases from HV104 at as-cast state to HV136 at peak-aged state. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy are obtained in at peak-aged state, and the values are 323 MPa, 212 MPa at room temperature, and 258 MPa, 176 MPa at 250 ℃, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strength is mainly attributed to the fine and dispersively distributed plate-shaped β′ metastable phase.     

Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca阻燃镁合金的高温氧化特性

通过Y和Ca的同时加入获得了阻燃效果优异的Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca阻燃镁合金,实现了镁合金在大气条件下的无保护熔炼。俄歇电子能谱仪和X射线衍射表面分析结果表明:Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca阻燃镁合金在高温下暴露于大气中时,合金表面会生成一层以Y2O3为主的氧化膜;干燥空气中,Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca合金在773、873和973K下氧化时,其氧化动力学曲线遵循立方规律;基于高温氧化热力学分析,建立了Mg-Y合金在高温下的选择性氧化模型,并分析Ca在Mg-Y合金选择性氧化中的第三元素效应,即Ca元素加入Mg-Y合金后,同时起到“吸气剂”作用和增强Y元素表面活性的作用,因而大大降低了Y2O3发生选择性氧化所需Y含量阈值。     

稀土元素Y和Nd对Mg-Zn-Zr系合金组织和性能的影响

对添加稀土元素Y和Nd的Mg-Zn-Zr系ZK60变形镁合金进行了热轧及热处理,测试了ZK60合金及ZK60RE合金室温拉伸性能,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等分析方法观察了合金不同状态下的显微组织。初步探讨了微量稀土元素Y和Nd在ZK60合金中的存在形式和作用机理及其不同成分对该合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,稀土元素Y和Nd均能够细化ZK60合金的铸态组织,使其室温断裂强度大幅度提高。其中主要化学成分（质量分数,％,下同）为Mg-5．5Zn-0．7Zr-0．5Y-0．5Nd和Mg-5．5Zn-0．7Zr-0．6Y-0．6Nd的合金强化效果显著,比未添加稀土元素的ZK60合金室温断裂强度分别提高了14．94％和20．2％。     

钇含量对Mg-xY-1.5LPC-0.4Zr合金的时效硬化和力学性能的影响(英文)

研究钇含量对Mg-xY-1.5LPC-0.4Zr镁合金的时效硬化、显微组织和力学性能的影响(其中LPC代表富镧混合稀土金属)。当将Y加入Mg-1.5LPC-0.4Zr时,随着Y含量的增加,合金的时效硬化反应相应增强,晶粒尺寸变小,强度增加。当将Y添加到Mg-1.5LPC-0.4Zr合金中时,时效析出相发生改变,由Mg-LPC基合金的稳态Mg12RE相转变为Mg-Y基合金的亚稳态β′相,且随着Y含量的增加,β′相的数量也相应增多。在合金晶界上还发现了稳态立方形的β-Mg24Y5相。对于Mg-Y-LPC-Zr合金,拉伸性能的改善主要归功于均匀、弥散分布的β′相,在晶界上的β-Mg24Y5相对合金的晶界也有明显的强化作用。当Y含量达到6%时,合金的拉伸强度最大,合金在室温和250°C的抗拉强度分别是250 MPa和210 MPa。     

Comparison of as-cast microstructure,tensile and creep properties for Mg-3Sn-1Ca and Mg-3Sn-2Ca magnesium alloys

The as-cast microstructure,tensile and creep properties of Mg-3Sn-1Ca and Mg-3Sn-2Ca magnesium alloys were investigated and compared by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis and tensile tests. The results indicate that the as-cast microstructures of Mg-3Sn-1Ca and Mg-3Sn-2Ca alloys are different.The former is mainly composed ofα-Mg,eutectic CaMgSn and solid state precipitation of Mg 2 Sn,whereas the latter is mainly composed ofα-Mg, primary CaMgSn,eutectic CaMgSn and Mg2Ca phases.As a result,the two alloys obtain different tensile and creep properties. Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy shows relatively higher ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150℃than Mg-3Sn-2Ca alloy,however,the yield strengths of Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy at room temperature and 150℃are relatively low.In addition,the creep properties of Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy at 150℃and 70 MPa for 100 h are obviously lower than those of the Mg-3Sn-2Ca alloy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-6.5Gd-1.3Nd-0.7Y-0.3Zn alloy

The Mg-6.5Gd-1.3Nd-0.7Y-0.3Zn alloy ingot and sheet were prepared by casting and hot extrusion techniques,and the microstructure,age hardening behavior and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the as-cast alloy mainly containsα-Mg solid solution and compounds of Mg5RE and Mg24RE5(RE=Gd,Y and Nd)phases.The grain size is refined after hot extrusion,and the Mg5RE and Mg24RE5 compounds are broken during the extrusion process.The extruded alloy exhibits remarkable age hardening response and excellent mechanical properties in the peak-aging state.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation are 310 MPa,201 MPa and 5.8%at room temperature,and 173 MPa,133 MPa and 25.0%at 300℃,respectively.