双步球磨和放电等离子烧结TiAl基合金的显微组织和力学性能(英文)

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备细晶Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta-0.225Y(摩尔分数,%)合金,并研究烧结温度、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸为20～40μm,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成。放电等离子烧结后的块体由主相TiAl、少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al和TiB2相组成。当烧结温度为900°C时,烧结块体获得的主要组织是等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒尺寸大多数在100~200nm的范围内,合金的压缩断裂强度为2769MPa,压缩率为11.69%,抗弯强度为781MPa;当烧结温度为1000°C时,等轴晶粒明显长大,TiB2相明显增多,合金的压缩断裂强度为2669MPa,压缩率为17.76%,抗弯强度为652MPa。随着烧结温度的升高,合金的维氏硬度由658降低到616。压缩断口形貌分析表明,合金的断裂方式为沿晶断裂。     

机械合金化和添加微量Y2O3对制备细晶钨合金

采用机械合金化、添加微量Y2O3和冷等静压、液相烧结工艺制备Ф25mm的晶粒度为3～4μm的细晶93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe(质量分数%,下同)合金棒材,研究粉末机械合金化、添加微量Y2O3、烧结温度和保温时间对合金棒材烧结致密化和显微组织的影响。结果表明:在1480℃液相烧结时钨晶粒发生明显球化,在此温度下降低保温时间对控制钨晶粒长大有较大影响,保温时间为30min时,钨晶粒尺寸为5～8μm;保温时间为60min时,钨晶粒为8～10μm。添加微量稀土氧化物Y2O3可以进一步有效地抑制晶粒的长大,降低合金的钨晶粒尺寸和提高组织均匀性,在1480℃烧结60min时,钨晶粒为3～4μm,而且晶粒尺寸分布更均匀。     

不同SPS烧结温度Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微组织及力学性能(英文)

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备成分为Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)的TiAl合金块体,随后对TiAl合金进行热处理。研究在不同SPS烧结温度下制备的TiAl合金经过热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:高能球磨后的合金粉末形状不规则,粉末颗粒尺寸大约为几十微米。XRD分析表明,机械球磨后的粉末由TiAl和Ti3Al两相组成;烧结后的Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金块体主要是TiAl相,以及少量的Ti3Al和TiB2相。当烧结温度为900°C和1000°C时,合金的显微组织为双相结构,并伴随有一些细小的等轴γ晶粒和细小的针状TiB2相。当烧结温度从900°C上升到1000°C时,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度变化不大,抗压强度从1812MPa提高到2275MPa,压缩率从22.66%增加到25.59%,合金的断裂方式为穿晶断裂。     

烧结温度对含Mn-Nb-Tb的Zn-V-O基陶瓷显微组织和压敏性能的影响(英文)

研究烧结温度对含Mn-Nb-Tb的Zn-V-O基陶瓷显微组织和压敏性能的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度由875°C升高到950°C,烧结陶瓷样品的密度由5.55 g/cm3降低到5.45 g/cm3,其平均晶粒尺寸由4.1μm增大至8.8μm,击穿场强由7443 V/cm显著降低至1064 V/cm。经900°C烧结的压敏陶瓷样品具有明显的非线性特性,其非线性系数为49.4,漏电流密度为0.21 m A/cm2。当烧结温度由875°C升高到950°C时,Zn-V-O基陶瓷样品的介电常数由440.1增大到2197.2,其损耗因数的变化范围为0.237~0.5。因此,本研究中Zn-V-O基陶瓷组分和烧结条件有利于以银为内电极的先进多层芯片压敏电阻的开发。     

气压烧结工艺对Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

利用气压烧结制备了Mo_2FeB_2基金属陶瓷,研究了不同气压烧结工艺条件下金属陶瓷的显微组织及力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,高温液相烧结过程中的气压没有明显促进金属陶瓷晶粒的生长。气压烧结对孔径尺寸小于0.5μm的气孔无明显的降低作用,但基本消除了孔径大于1.0μm的气孔,同时显著降低了气孔尺寸的分散性,使绝大部分气孔集中在0.2～0.6μm的范围内。与真空烧结相比,气压烧结使金属陶瓷的抗弯强度从1 909.1 MPa提高到2 148.4 MPa,硬度从89.1 HRA提高到89.8 HRA,相对致密度从98.8%提高到99.4%。     

10CrMnMo双相钢在不同亚温淬火温度下的微观组织

对10CrMnMo双相钢在不同亚温淬火温度下热处理后的试样进行了显微组织、SEM形貌、显微硬度测试、马氏体含量以及马氏体-铁素体两相的晶粒尺寸分析。结果表明,不同的淬火温度致使马氏体和铁素体的显微形态和分布状况发生变化,淬火温度为720℃时马氏体呈狭长的岛状分布,随着淬火温度的升高,马氏体呈片状与岛状共存,到820℃时板条马氏体与铁素体呈纤维状共存;同时,马氏体体积分数也随之增加,由720℃淬火时的10.41%增加到820℃时的48.19%;马氏体、铁素体的晶粒大小都随着淬火温度的升高而减小,铁素体晶粒尺寸由720℃淬火时的14.23μm减小到820℃时的4.15μm,马氏体尺寸则由5.74μm减小至2.45μm,且不同淬火温度下铁素体晶粒尺寸均大于马氏体晶粒尺寸;双相钢中铁素体组织的显微硬度随着淬火温度的升高而增加,由720℃时的168.21HV1增加至820℃时的235.15HV1;马氏体组织的显微硬度则随淬火温度的升高而降低,由720℃时的713.14HV1降低到820℃时的525.41HV1。     

烧结方法对CP-Ti粉末烧结块显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

研究不同烧结方法,包括放电等离子体烧结(SPS)、热压(HP)和电阻烧结(ERS),对商用纯钛(CP-Ti)粉末固结后显微组织和力学性能的影响。选用的粉末粒度分别为<147μm,<74μm和<43μm,粉末粒度越小,其致密化过程越快。在850°C、30 MPa条件下进行SPS和HP,获得烧结体的相对密度高达99%。而通过ERS,则在950°C、30 MPa条件下才发生CP-Ti粉末的致密化。在850~950°C获得烧结钛的显微组织由等轴晶构成。对于粒度<43μm粉末,在850°C、30 MPa条件下通过SPS制备烧结体,其屈服强度为868 MPa。随着小尺寸颗粒含量的升高,通过SPS和HP制备烧结体的屈服强度得到提高。然而在950°C、30MPa条件下,通过ERS制备样品的最高屈服强度仅为441 MPa,比SPS和HP样品的低。与SPS和HP相比,ERS需要较短的烧结时间,但较高的烧结温度导致材料的脆性断裂,使其强度和伸长率降低。     

烧结温度的细微变化对V-Mn-Nb-Gd共掺杂氧化锌陶瓷压敏特性和衰减行为的影响（英文）

研究烧结温度的细微变化对V-Mn-Nb-Gd共掺杂氧化锌陶瓷显微组织、电性能、介电性能和衰减行为的影响。随着烧结温度的升高,烧结球团密度由5.54 g/cm3降低到5.42 g/cm3,平均晶粒尺寸由4.1μm增大至11.7μm,击穿场强由7138 V/cm急剧降低至920 V/cm。在900°C烧结的压敏陶瓷呈现极佳的非线性(非欧姆)特性,其非线性系数和漏电流密度分别为66和77μA/cm2。在性能稳定性方面,在85°C、24 h和0.85E1 m A的直流加速应力下,经900°C烧结的压敏陶瓷呈现最强的加速衰减特性,且其ΔE1 mA=-9.2%。     

电子陶瓷材料钛酸钡的制备与性能研究

采用固相反应法制备电子工业用BaZr_xTi_(1-x)O_3材料,研究不同烧结温度和时间的物相组成、显微组织形貌和介电性能。结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,BaZr_xTi_(1-x)O_3中的物相组成没有明显变化,但结构由四方体变为立方体;当烧结温度从1 250℃升高至1 350℃时,材料的平均晶粒尺寸从29μm增加至39μm;当晶粒尺寸较小时,材料主要形成90°畴和180°畴,增加晶粒尺寸,材料主要形成180°畴。     

烧结温度和保温时间对微波制备WC-8Co硬质合金显微组织的影响(英文)

采用2.45GHz高功率多模腔微波炉制备WC8Co硬质合金,对压坯的收缩率和合金的显微组织进行研究。结果表明:液相温度出现在1300°C附近;在烧结温度1450°C下保温5min能获得几乎全致密的合金试样。微波烧结法制备的合金晶粒要比真空烧结制备的合金晶粒尺寸细小且分布更均匀。另外,WC晶粒的尺寸和分布主要取决于烧结温度;保温时间对合金晶粒的影响很小,无论在1450°C下保温多长时间WC平均晶粒的尺寸始终保持在2.7μm。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering

A fine-grained TiAl alloy with a composition of Ti-47%Al(mole fraction) was prepared by double mechanical milling(DMM) and spark plasma sintering(SPS). The relationship among sintering temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-47%Al alloy was studied by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and mechanical testing. The results show that the morphology of double mechanical milling powder is regular with size of 20?40 μm. The main phase TiAl and few phases Ti₃Al and Ti₂Al were observed in the SPS bulk samples. For samples sintered at 1000 °C, the equiaxed crystal grain was achieved with size of 100?250 nm. The samples exhibited compressive and bending properties at room temperature with compressive strength of 2013 MPa, compression ratio of 4.6% and bending strength of 896 MPa. For samples sintered at 1100 °C, the size of equiaxed crystal grain was obviously increased. The SPS bulk samples exhibited uniform microstructures, with equiaxed TiAl phase and lamellar Ti₃Al phase were observed. The samples exhibited compressive and bending properties at room temperature with compressive strength of 1990 MPa, compression ratio of 6.0% and bending strength of 705 MPa. The micro-hardness of the SPS bulk samples sintered at 1000 °C is obviously higher than that of the samples sintered at 1100 °C. The compression fracture mode of the SPS TiAl alloy samples is intergranular fracture and the bending fracture mode of the SPS TiAl alloy samples is intergranular rupture and cleavage fracture.     

Preparation of ultrafine WC-Co cermets by combining pretreatment and consolidation with spark plasma sintering

Ultrafine-grained WC-Co bulk materials were prepared by a new method that contains pretreatrnent of the milled powder mixture and sub-sequent spark plasma sintering (SPS). Ball milling parameters and the pretreatment temperature have significant effects on the microstructure and properties of WC-Co cermets. The prepared cermets have a mean grain size of less than 0.5 μm even with a pretreatment temperature as high as 1300℃. The WC-10wt.%Co cermet bulk prepared by the optimized milling, pretreatment, and SPS processing achieves excellent mechanical properties with a Vickers hardness of HV 1643, a fracture toughness of 13.1 MPa-m1/2and a transverse rapture strength of 3100 MPa.     

Effects of various sintering methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Ti powder consolidations

Effects of various sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering (SPS), hot pressing (HP) and electric resistance sintering (ERS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) powder consolidations with particle size of <147 μm, <74 μm and <43 μm were studied. The smaller particle powders are densified to proceed at a higher rate. Dense titanium with relative density up to 99% is found to take place at 850 °C under 30 MPa of SPS and HP condition. However, in case of ERS, CP-Ti powders were densified almost at 950 °C under 30 MPa. The microstructure of sintered titanium is composed of equiaxed grains at 850–950 °C. The yield strength of sintered body composed of <43 μm powder is 858 MPa by using SPS at 850 °C under 30 MPa. When there is a higher content of small particle, the higher yield strength value is obtained both by using SPS and HP. However, when ERS is introduced, the highest yield strength is 441 MPa at 950 °C under 30 MPa, which shows much lower values than those by SPS and HP methods. ERS method takes much less sintering time compared with SPS and HP. Nevertheless, higher sintering temperature results in lower strength and elongation because of brittle fracture.     

双步球磨与放电等离子烧结制备细晶TiAl合金

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备细晶Ti-47Al(at%)合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段对球磨后的粉末形貌结构、相组成以及烧结块体的显微组织结构进行观察和分析。结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸在20~40μm之间,内部结构均匀,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成。放电等离子烧结后的块体主要由主相TiAl和少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al相组成,随着烧结温度的升高,Ti3Al相含量有所增加。当烧结温度为1000℃时,烧结块体获得的主要是等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒尺寸大多数在100~250nm之间。当烧结温度为1100℃时,烧结块体致密、无孔洞,等轴晶粒有明显长大的现象,显微组织主要由等轴状的TiAl相和片层状的Ti3Al相组成。     

Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

AlCoCrFeNi is one of the most widely studied alloy systems in the high-entropy alloy(HEA) area due to the interesting microstructure and mechanical properties.In this study,the AlCoCrFeNi alloy was prepared using spark plasma sintering(SPS) with pre-alloy powders obtained through gas atomization.Then,the sintered samples were annealed at 700,800 and900℃,and the effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties was studied.The results show that phase formation takes place during annealing process with the new phase(σ) and some nano scale BCC precipitates formation.The size and quantity of the nanoscale precipitates increase with increasing annealing temperature.The twin is also observed after annealing at 900℃.The annealing temperature has an obvious effect on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the spark plasma sintered AlCoCrFeNi HEA.When the annealing temperature is 700℃,the hardness,yield strength and fracture strength reach the maximum with the value of 545 HV,1430 MPa and 2230 MPa,respectively.The compressive ratio reaches the maximum of 17.2%,with the annealing temperature increasing to 800℃.The corrosion resistance of the samples decreases with increasing the annealing temperature.     

烧结温度对快速凝固TiAl合金组织及力学性能的影响(英文)

将快速凝固Ti-46Al-2Cr-4Nb-0.3Y(摩尔分数,%)合金薄带破碎成粉末,然后通过等离子烧结(SPS)制备成块体。研究烧结温度对烧结块体的组织和力学性能的影响。在1200℃烧结时得到完全致密的块体。进一步升高烧结温度对合金密度的影响不大,但是对烧结块体的显微组织及相结构有显著影响。烧结块体主要由γ和α2相组成,随着烧结温度的升高,α2相的体积分数降低,块体合金由近γ组织演变为近层片组织,且组织逐渐粗化,但是长大不明显。1260℃烧结得到的块体组织细小、均匀,没有明显微偏析,具有良好的综合力学性能,室温压缩断裂强度和压缩率分别为2984MPa和41.5%,高温(800℃)拉伸断裂强度和伸长率分别为527.5MPa和5.9%。     

烧结方式对CoCrNi中熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用机械合金化法（MA）球磨制备CoCrNi中熵合金原料粉末，结合放电等离子烧结（SPS）或高真空烧结制取CoCrNi中熵合金，研究了球磨时间以及退火对CoCrNi中熵合金原料粉末微观形貌、颗粒尺寸及相结构的影响规律，对不同烧结方式制备的合金块体进行微观结构及力学性能研究。结果表明：随着球磨时间的延长，各单质粉末颗粒尺寸不断减小并逐渐融合，在球磨25h后，原料粉末主要为FCC固溶体结构，还有少量的BCC相；在后续烧结过程中，少量BCC相发生相转变，组织中只有FCC相结构；退火烧结样品的弹性模量为6.57GPa，是真空烧结的1.55倍，屈服强度为279.28MPa，与真空烧结后样品的屈服强度相当，退火烧结的延伸率为35.97%，明显大于直接真空烧结；SPS烧结的块体合金表现出高达793.72MPa的屈服强度和61.08%的塑性应变，且维氏硬度达到399HV，与其它两种烧结方法相比，SPS在实现HEAs快速低温烧结方面更具潜力。     

挤压Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能(英文)

研究铸态和挤压态Mg-8.5Gd-2.3Y-1.8Ag-0.4Zr合金的显微组织、时效强化和力学性能。铸锭在T4处理后分别于400、450和500°C进行挤压,挤压比为10:1。在细晶强化和析出强化的共同作用下,于400°C挤压的样品经T5处理后可以得到最优的力学性能,所得的晶粒尺寸约为5.0μm,其初始和峰值硬度分别为HV109和HV129。室温下的拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到391MPa、430MPa和5.2%。