Aging Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 617 Superalloy

Aging precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 superalloy aged at 760 ℃ for up to 10000 h were investigated. The results showed that the precipitates of the aged alloy are M23C6 and M6C carbides and γ phase. The carbide particles precipitated both at the grain boundaries and within grains, and the γ phase particles were situated at intragranular sites in the process of aging. The carbide particles were discontinuously dispersed at grain boundaries after aging for 3000 h, while after aged for 5000 h the carbide particles are merged. The precipitates inside grains remained stable even after aging for 10000 h. The hardness was increased for the alloy aged for 300 h up to 3000 h, which was resulted primarily from the precipitation of carbides as discrete particles both at the grain boundaries and inside grains. Small quantity γ precipitates were formed inside grains, to some extent, which contributed to an enhanced hardness. However, a decrease of the hardness was observed after aging for 5000 h. A significant drop in toughness of the alloy aged for 300 h was attributed to the reduction of the bonding interface strength when carbides precipitated at grain boundaries. Thereafter, the toughness decreased slowly with the prolonged aging time. The high temperature tensile properties of the aged alloy are rather stable even aged for 300-3000 h.     

EFFECT OF AGING ON INTERNAL FRICTION,ELASTIC MODULUS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TERNARY Mn-Cu-Al ALLOYS

Internal friction and elastic modulus of ternary Mn-Cu-Al alloys containing 56—60wt-% Mn,0-3.59 wt-% Al were measured with acoustic frequency,1 kHz,in the tempera-ture range of-150 to 150℃.It was found that when the specimen was aged in the temperaturerange under the spinodal curve within the miscibility gap(400—500℃),the internal fric-tion increases with an increase of the aging time and reaches a maximum value at a certain ag-ing time which is shorter with a higher aging temperature.Two internal friction peaks whichdid not appear before the aging were observed above room temperature after a definite agingtime.These are respectively the martensitic tranformation peak and the relaxation peak orig-inating from the stress-induced movement of the twin boundaries.The former peak shifts to-ward higher temperatures with an increase of the aging time,whereas the relaxation peak ap-pearing at 15℃,is independent of the aging time and temperature.The activation energy as-sociated with the relaxation peak was found to be 0.56 eV which is about the same as that ofthe relaxation peak in binary alloy containing 90 wt-% Mn.It was also found that thehardness,strength and the brittleness of the specimen increase when aged below the spinodalcurve within the miscibility gap.The addition or Al enhances the strength but reduces the in-ternal friction of the specimen.A choice of suitable aging time and temperature can give anoptimum compromise of high strength and high internal friction.Analysis of experimental re-sults suggests that spinodal decomposition leads to Mn-rich zones in the specimen and thuscauses the phase transformation and the change of mechanical properties of the specimen.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy prepared by lost foam casting

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy prepared by lost foam casting(LFC) and various heat treatments have been investigated. The microstructure of the AZ91 alloy via LFC consists of dominant α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 as well as a new phase Al32 Mn25 with size of about 5-50μm, which has not been detected in AZ91 alloy prepared by other casting processes. The tests demonstrate that the as-cast mechanical properties are higher than those of sand gravity casting because of chilling and cushioning effect of foam pattern during the mould filling. The solution kinetics and the aging processes at different temperatures were also investigated by hardness and electrical resistivity measurements. The kinetics of aging are faster at the high temperature due to enhanced diffusion of atoms in the matrix, so the hardness peak at 380℃ occurs after 10 h; while at the lower aging temperature(150℃), the peak is not reached in the time(24 h) considered.     

Single-aging characteristics of 7055 aluminum alloy

The microstructures and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were studied at different single-aging for up to 48 h using hardness test, tensile test, electrical conductivity measurement, XRD and TEM microstructure analysis. The results show that at the early stage of aging, the hardness and strength of the alloy increase rapidly, the peak hardness and strength are approached after 120 ℃ aging for 4 h, then maintained at a high level for a long time. The suitable single-aging treatment of 7055 alloy is 480 ℃, 1 h solution treatment and water quenching, then aging at 120 ℃ for 24 h. Under those condition, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the studied alloy are 513 MPa, 462 MPa, 9.5% and 29%（IACS）, respectively. During aging, the solid solution decomposes and precipitation occurs. At the early aging stage of 120 ℃, GP zones form and then grow up gradually with increasing ageing time. η′ phase forms after ageing for 4 h and η phase starts to occur after 24 h aging.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Fe-Ni-Co-BASE SUPERALLOY AFTER LONGTERM AGING AT 650℃

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ni-Fe-Co base superalloy with low thermal expansion coefficient after aging at 650℃ for 200,500,1000 and 2000 h have been investigated.It was found that they are stable at 650℃.This alloy is believed to.fill the re- quirements for long time service to aircraft engine.     

EFFECT OF MELT OVER-HEATING AND ZIRCONIUM ALLOYING ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF Al_9FeNi PHASE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 2618 ALLOY

The effect of melt over-heating on the morphology of AlgFeNi phase in 2618 aluminum alloy with high contents of Fe and Ni and 0.22wt.% zirconium, has been investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. The mechanical properties of 2618 aluminum alloy after hot extrusion and quenching/aging have been tested. The results show:melt over-heating treatment of 2618 alloy with high contents of Fe and Ni at 960℃led to finer and better-distributed needle-like AlgFeNi phase in cast micro structure and fine AlgFeNi particles after hot extrusion; the grain size of the alloy after hot extrusion could also be refined evidently by alloying of zirconium; the ambient and high temperature tensile strength and elongation of 2618 alloy have been apparently enhanced due to fine AlgFeNi particles and dispersed Al3 Zr as well as fine grain size.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new Ti_2AlNbbased alloy after aging treatment

A new Ti_2AlNb-based alloy with the composition of Ti-22Al-25Nb-1Mo-1V-1Zr-0.2Si(at%) was fabricated in the sequence of arc melting, forging, solid solution and aging. Present paper focuses on the effects of aging temperatures(700, 750, 800, 850 and 900 ℃) on microstructure, room-temperature tensile properties as well as tensile properties at 650 ℃ and creep properties at650 ℃/150 MPa. It is obvious that the aging treatment promotes the precipitation of O lathes from B2 matrix.With aging temperature increasing, the content of O phase decreases and its size increases gradually, which leads to the decrease in tensile strengths both at room temperature and 650 ℃ and a little increase in ductility. For creep properties, the sample aged at 700 ℃ shows the best creep resistance due to its extremely high O phase content. Aging at 800 ℃ leads to the decrease in the content of O phase and softening of the alloy significantly. However, with aging temperature further increasing from 800 to 900 ℃,the precipitated O phase will be coarsened gradually, which strengthens the alloy again.     

Effect of aging on mechanical properties and localized corrosion behaviors of Al-Cu-Li alloy

The effects of aging on mechanical properties,intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion behaviors of a 2197 type A1-Li alloy were investigated,and the mechanisms were studied through microstructure observation and electrochemical measurement of simulated bulk phase.The main strengthening precipitates of the alloy aged at175 ℃ and 160 ℃ are δ' and T1.T1 precipitation in the alloy aged at 160 ℃ is delayed,which results in its slower age strengthening and over-aging behavior than the alloy aged at 175 ℃.Meanwhile,aging temperature of 160 ℃causes more uniform distribution and finer size of T1,resulting in its better strengthening effect.As aging time and aging temperature are increased,the size of T1 at grain boundaries and the width of PFZ along grain boundaries are increased,leading to an increase in the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion.It is suggested that better comprehensive properties can be obtained when the alloy is aged at 160 ℃.     

BEHAVIOR OF Mg AND ITS EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CAST Fe_3Al ALLOYS

Proper addition of 0.002 wt-% Mg to cast Fe_3Al alloy may obviously improve the room andhigh temperature tensile properties.Auger spectra show that Mg segregates near grainboundaries as very thin layers.Observation under TEM reveals that a suitable amount of Mgenhances ability of cooperative internal deformation so that the dislocations will ease the con-tinuous slip deformation through grain boundaries.The fracture feature of Fe_3Al alloy is oftransgranular cleavage at room temperature and cracks initiate at grain boundaries.     

Effect of pre-deformation on aging characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr alloy

The effect of plastic deformation prior to artificial aging on the aging characteristics and mechanical properties of a Mg-I lGd-2Nd-0.5Zr （mass fraction, %） alloy was investigated. After solution treatment at 525 ℃ for 4 h, the alloy was subjected to cold stretching deformation of 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. The as-deformed specimens possess high density of dislocations and mechanical twins, which increase with elevated deformation. As compared with non-stretched alloy, the stretched alloy shows accelerated age-hardening response and slightly enhanced peak hardness when aged at 200 ℃. Comparison of the microstructures in undeformed and deformed specimens after 200 ℃, 24 h aging reveals that pre-deformation induces the heterogeneous nucleation of precipitations at dislocations and twin boundaries in addition to the homogeneous precipitation in the matrix. Room and high temperature tensile test results show that pre-deformation enhances the strength of the alloy, especially at room temperature, though the ductility declines. The improvement in strength of deformed and aged alloy is attributed to the combined strengthening effect of precipitates, deformation structures and grain boundaries.     

Effect of high temperature aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of a directionally solidified Ni3Al base alloy IC6A

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CuNiCoBe合金热处理及高温性能研究

研究了固溶、时效工艺对CuNiCoBe合金性能的影响,经960℃×1.5h固溶+430℃×5h时效处理,合金具有较好的综合性能,硬度可达224HV、电导率为49%IACS,按此工艺热处理后的CuNiCoBe合金的软化温度约为480℃;此外,还研究了工作温度对CuNiCoBe合金性能的影响。结果表明,随温度升高CuNiCoBe合金的电导率和强度均呈下降趋势,而电导率的下降尤为明显,但强度下降并不严重,450℃时的σ0.2、σb分别相当于室温时的88%和82.4%,电导率却只有其室温时的42%左右,在温度接近合金的软化温度时,电导率存在一个不大的上升突变现象。     

核反应堆用FeCrAl合金板材的试制及其组织性能研究

在对Fe13Cr5AlxNb合金熔炼、锻造、轧制等制备工艺研究的基础上，利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及电子背散射衍射研究了合金板材的微观组织演化特征。研究了不同热处理温度（800、850、900、1 000 ℃）下合金板材中第二相的析出特点及对其力学性能的影响规律。结果表明，合金板材在800 ℃保温5~25 h后，其室温力学性能稳定；合金板材在800~1 000 ℃、20 h高温时效后，在800~850 ℃时，其强度稍有降低，而在900~1 000 ℃时，其强度随温度的升高而提升。同时，对不同Nb含量的合金板材常温和高温力学性能进行了测试，Nb质量分数为1.0%~1.5%时，合金板材具有良好的力学性能。     

Al-12Si-6Cu-1.5Ni-0.3Cr-0.2La-0.8Ce合金双级固溶处理工艺研究

以Al-12Si-6Cu-1.5Ni-0.3Cr-0.8Ce-0.2La铸造耐热铝合金为研究对象,对其进行双级固溶处理,以及人工时效。通过OM、SEM观察以及拉伸性能测试等手段,研究不同二级固溶温度和时间对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果发现,随二级固溶温度升高和固溶时间延长,合金初生Si相钝化,共晶Si和网状相溶断成颗粒状或块状,室温和高温抗拉强度呈先增加后降低的趋势,当二级固溶温度达到530℃,时间为2h时综合性能最好。对试样进行200℃×6h的时效处理,并进行室温和高温(300℃)拉伸试验,结果表明,当合金经过490℃×2h+530℃×2h+200℃×6h热处理后,室温抗拉强度达342.0MPa,高温抗拉强度达到159.9MPa。     

选区激光熔化GH3536合金的热处理工艺

采用OM、SEM和力学性能测试等分析研究了不同热处理工艺对选区激光熔化成形GH3536合金组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着固溶温度越高,晶粒尺寸越大,且抗拉强度在高温条件下逐渐增加而室温条件则下降。当固溶温度达到1120 ℃时,室温条件下横向试棒与纵向试棒的抗拉强度分别达到816和731 MPa;900 ℃高温条件下则分别达到189和204 MPa。800 ℃时效处理后合金基体组织析出细小碳化物,产生第二相强化作用,强度得以提升。随着时效时间的增加,碳化物变的密集,但晶粒尺寸几乎没有发生变化,表现为室温抗拉强度与断后伸长率得到提升。当时效时间达到20 h时,室温条件下横向试棒与纵向试棒的抗拉强度分别达到832和747 MPa;900 ℃高温条件下横向试棒与纵向试棒的断后伸长率分别达到8.5%和21.5%。最后得出选区激光熔化成形GH3536合金最优的热处理工艺为:固溶(1120 ℃×1 h)+时效(800 ℃×20 h)。     

固溶和时效温度对IMI834钛合金板材组织和性能的影响

研究了不同固溶时效温度对IMI834合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:IMI834合金板材经低温热处理的组织和轧态没有明显差别,室温强度也与轧态基本保持不变;合金在α+β两相区热处理后得到双态组织,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相含量减少,室温强度略有增加,塑性的变化规律与强度相反,初生α相含量的减少对板材的室温强度没有明显的影响。随着时效温度的提高,板材的室温强度降低,塑性有所降低。板材的600 ℃高温力学性能变化规律与室温相似,但断面收缩率较室温好。本试验得到的较优的热处理制度为1035 ℃×1 h, AC+(700~750) ℃×4 h, AC。     

时效温度对Fe42.5Ni28Co17Al11.5Ta1形状记忆合金组织及伪弹性的影响

对Fe_42.5Ni₂₈Co₁₇Al_11.5Ta₁(at%)合金进行了不同温度下的时效处理,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等对时效后合金的组织和物相进行分析,并运用Origin Peak Fit Module软件进行了晶格常数的测定,同时对经不同温度时效后的合金在室温下进行了硬度和伪弹性的测试。结果表明:保持时效时间60 h不变,当时效温度由600 ℃增加至650 ℃和750 ℃时,晶内由γ′单相析出转为γ′和β两相析出。β相的析出与较高时效温度下Ta元素在基体里的固溶度增加有关。在晶内单相析出模式下,合金在室温下展现伪弹性,可回复应变为10.01%;在晶内双相析出模式下,在室温下展现超弹性,应力滞后小,可回复应变达12.41%。在650 ℃的时效温度下,合金在室温下的伪弹性表现最佳。     

时效处理对Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金性能的影响

在540 ℃×2 h水淬固溶处理的基础上,研究了时效处理对新型Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金性能的影响。结果表明:合金的硬度随时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长先增加后减小,在190 ℃时效2 h达到最大值135.1 HBW;抗拉强度随时效时间的延长先增加后减小,在190 ℃时效3 h时达到最大值390.12 MPa。根据综合性能确定Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金的最佳时效工艺为190 ℃×3 h。     

热处理对热锻模材料GH4698组织和性能的影响

研究了不同固溶温度和和冷却方式对GH4698合金的组织、室温性能、高温性能及断裂韧性的影响。结果表明:1030℃低温固溶,合金获得细小均匀的晶粒尺寸;1030℃固溶+炉冷,γ′相初始尺寸偏大,屈服强度偏低,而1030℃固溶后空冷可以获得960 MPa室温屈服强度和750 MPa的750℃高温屈服强度,750℃高温断裂韧性达到13 kJ/m²;1100℃高温固溶,晶界碳化物包膜,且大中尺寸γ′相与小尺寸γ′相的质量比值高,导致屈服强度不足;相比航空件标准热处理制度,模具材料用GH4698合金采用1030℃×8 h/AC、1000℃×4 h/AC、760℃×16 h/AC+700℃×16 h/AC的热处理制度,可以获得750℃服役温度下最佳的屈服强度和足够的塑性,满足热模锻的使用要求。