基于凝固模拟的钢锭模锥度设计与验证

采用铸造模拟软件对生产过程中易出现缩孔、疏松的15 t钢锭进行了凝固模拟分析,预测了缩孔、疏松的位置及大小,模拟结果与实际解剖结果一致。在凝固模拟的基础上,设计了一系列新的钢锭模,根据模拟结果较好的钢锭模进行了模具制作,在生产中,新钢锭模取得了良好的效果。     

大型钢锭凝固数值模拟与试验研究

利用Procast软件包对6t钢锭的凝固过程进行了计算机模拟,并预测了钢锭的缩孔疏松分布,计算结果发现原有工艺中钢锭的缩孔深度大,轴线疏松严重.将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合良好.在此基础上,研究了绝热板和发热剂对钢锭的缩孔疏松分布的影响,优化了绝热板工艺.模拟与试验结果表明,优化后的绝热板加发热剂工艺可显著改善钢锭冒口的保温效果,减小缩孔深度,提高钢锭的质量和利用率.     

空心钢锭凝固过程温度场模拟与缩孔、疏松预测

对空心钢锭凝固过程的温度场进行了有限元分析。讨论了芯部传热系数、耐火材料工对厚终凝固位置、内筒壁最高温度及缩孔疏松的影响,并研究了耐火材料典型部位的温度随凝固时间的变化。通过凝固过程的温度场的模拟分析,对空心钢锭缩孔、缩松进行了预测,提出了工艺改进措施。     

锻造用钢锭凝固过程温度场数值模拟

采用三维瞬态传热有限元方法,对13 t锻造钢锭和钢锭模在凝固过程中的温度场分布进行了数值计算及分析,探讨了钢锭内部凝固速度变化和钢锭模在凝固过程中的温度分布规律。分析结果表明,钢锭本体距离底部60%-70%的部位纵向凝固速度受横向凝固速度的影响而大大加速;凝固开始阶段,钢锭模内壁温升速度远大于模外壁,随后外壁温升速度迅速增大,随着钢锭凝固的进行,壁内外温差逐渐减小。本模拟可为优化钢锭模设计、提高钢锭质量提供依据。     

数值模拟在大钢锭制造中的应用

针对现有600 t级钢锭模结构,通过理论分析建立了适合低压转子用大钢锭凝固过程中传热及宏观偏析的数学模型。采用有限元数值模拟方法,利用Procast商业软件及自编专用程序分析了钢锭模的冷却条件、高径比、锥度对凝固过程温度分布、缩孔疏松及宏观偏析的影响规律。模拟结果及生产实践表明:现有600t级钢锭模结构比较合理,且数值模拟计算能够为生产提供理论依据与指导。     

空心钢锭锭型结构对空心钢锭凝固过程的影响

对空心钢锭凝固过程的温度场进行了有限元分析 ,对不同锭型结构的芯部换热系数、耐火材料厚度对最终凝固位置、内筒壁最高温度及缩孔疏松的影响进行了对比 ,并讨论了耐火材料典型部位的温度随凝固时间的变化     

冒口保温条件对大型钢锭凝固过程影响的数值模拟

为了优化大型钢锭的浇注工艺,以铸造数值模拟软件为模拟平台,通过建立基于0,50,100,200,300和500mm不同的发热剂厚度的数学模型来研究冒口保温条件对175t大型钢锭凝固过程的影响.模拟结果表明:随着发热剂厚度的增加,钢锭最后凝固区域更易向冒口补缩,缩孔“V”形开口逐渐增大;发热剂加至一定厚度时,钢锭内部缩孔不再发生明显变化;300mm是最佳的发热剂厚度.     

钢锭模棱数对典型钢锭凝固过程的影响研究

使用铸造模拟软件ProCAST系统地研究了钢锭模棱数对典型钢锭凝固过程的影响,具体包括完全凝固时间、凝固顺序、缩孔缩松、应力变化。结果表明:钢锭模棱数对钢锭的传热影响不显著;钢锭模重复使用过程中,压应力与拉应力的反复循环作用导致产生裂纹的机率增加;钢锭模凸面处先于凹面处开裂。     

浇注温度对大型钢锭凝固过程的影响

用铸造模拟软件ProCAST,研究了浇注温度对96T钢锭凝固过程的影响,包括凝固时间、缩孔缩松、夹杂上浮时间等。结果表明:随着浇注温度的提高,夹杂可上浮时间延长,但钢锭完全凝固时间也随之加长,延长生产周期。缩松区域有减小的趋势,二次缩孔有增大的趋势。     

冒口高度对大型锻造钢锭内部质量影响的数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟研究胃口高度对45 t钢锭凝固过程和内部质量的影响,通过钢锭生产和钢锭模测温验证了模拟结果的合理性.模拟结果表明,对大型上注钢锭,胃口高度越高,心部疏松越小,但对钢锭本身温度场分布和偏析形成影响不大,凝固条件主要受钢锭本身结构的影响.     

42CrMo模铸钢锭凝固场数值仿真与超声检测分析

采用大型商业软件ProCAST建立了钢锭凝固传热数值仿真,钢锭模在凝固过程中的温度场是空间和时间的变化量,属于三维不稳定态传热.为了验证钢锭凝固过程温度场变化对钢锭冶金缺陷的影响,本文采用24寸42CrMo钢种钢锭模进行数值仿真.采取钢锭浇注过热度、断面温度梯度、液相线和固相线的分析,模拟了钢锭凝固过程中温度场、凝固分...     

42CrMo模铸钢锭凝固场数值仿真与超声检测分析

采用大型商业软件ProCAST建立了钢锭凝固传热数值仿真，钢锭模在凝固过程中的温度场是空间和时间的变化量，属于三维不稳定态传热。为了验证钢锭凝固过程温度场变化对钢锭冶金缺陷的影响，本文采用24寸42CrMo钢种钢锭模进行数值仿真。采取钢锭浇注过热度、断面温度梯度、液相线和固相线的分析，模拟了钢锭凝固过程中温度场、凝固分数、缩松率及Niyama的分布。通过仿真与实际操作工艺相结合，以及钢锭的超声检测和解剖验证的低倍检验，证明了仿真技术和超声检测可以提高钢锭的冶金质量。     

钢液导热系数对大型钢锭凝固过程的影响

数值模拟是提高大型钢锭质量、优化浇铸工艺、降低实验费用和帮助缺陷诊断分析的重要手段之一.模拟结果是否可靠很大程度上取决于数学模型假设是否合理,合金热物性参数和边界条件的设置是否准确等因素.利用ProCAST铸造模拟软件,分析了钢液导热系数对钢锭充型和凝固过程中的温度分布、凝固时间和缩孔、疏松的影响规律.结果表明,导热系数的提高显著缩短钢锭整体凝固时间,增加钢锭中心产生缺陷的可能性,因此有必要在模拟计算之前准确测量该物性参数.另外,对于在同一模具中浇铸具有不同物性参数的各类合金,该结果为了解其凝固规律提供了参考.     

Modeling on the Solidification of 1J51 Fe-Ni-Based Alloy Ingot Under Vacuum Conditions

In this article, a numerical simulation model on the solidification of 1J51 Fe-Ni based alloy under vacuum conditions was established using ProCAST software (ESI Group, Paris, France). The calculated temperature profiles of the mold and the solidification profile of the ingot were compared with the measurement, showing a reasonable agreement. The validated model was then used to study the effects of the insulation condition, filling rate, and maximum filling fraction on the solidification state and porosity distribution of the ingot. It was indicated that the shrinkage cavity position of ingot with zirconia fiber was lower than that without zirconia fiber, and the likelihood of centerline shrinkage porosity was independent of the insulation method. The position of macroporosity varied little when the filling rate was from 2.17 kg/s to 5.17 kg/s, while serious solidification defects occurred in the body of ingot when the filling rate was lower than 4.17 kg/s. Increasing the maximum filling fraction had a positive impact on the rise of shrinkage cavity position, but it was hardly advisable because the metal yield decreased with the increase of the maximum filling fraction. Considering the above parameters discussed in this article, it was proposed to remove the zirconia fiber layer for the industrial practice.     

Internal shrinkage crack in a 10 t water-cooled steel ingot with a large height-to-diameter ratio

Steel ingot with a large height-to-diameter ratio is utilized to produce multiple products by one stock in practice. Water cooling is a usual way to enhance production efficiency. However, the combination of the two factors will generate internal defects, such as shrinkage porosity and hot crack. The characteristic of internal shrinkage crack in a 10 t water-cooled steel ingot with a large height-to-diameter ratio was examined by an ultrasonic test. A slice was sectioned from the ingot middle part where billets containing star-like crack were further extracted. The billets were examined by X-ray high energy industrial CT, and the compactness was reconstructed in three dimensions. Microstructure near the crack was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the solidification process and grain size were studied by high temperature confocal microscopy. Moreover, thermomechanical simulation and post-processing were carried out to analyze the formation of shrinkage porosity and hot crack. A new criterion considering mushy zone mechanical behavior in brittle temperature as well as grain size distribution was proposed to evaluate hot cracking potential in the ingot. The results show that a deep shrinkage porosity band easily forms in the center line of such an ingot with a large height-to-diameter ratio, and water-cooling further generates excessive tensile stress tearing the liquid films around the porosities. Then, hot cracks begin to propagate along grain boundaries. The grain size in the upper and center of the ingot is large, which leads to an inverted cone shape defects zone in the ingot center.

     

铸钢锭凝固过程数值模拟和缩孔缩松预测

用有限元法对22t钢锭凝固过程进行了模拟,计算中采用了Galerkin方法和八节点等参数单元,同时考虑钢锭和锭模界面上初期紧密接触和后期气隙形成过程中界面热阻的变化。建立的模型具有通用性,能够处理各种不同类型的边界条件和变热物性参数,用等效凝固收缩量法预测钢锭冒口部位缩孔的位置和大小,用经适当修正后的G/(?)参数(G-温度梯度,R-冷却速度)预测钢锭内部缩松。计算温度与实测温度基本吻合。     

铸钢车轮的铸造工艺设计与生产

对车轮铸钢件的结构及铸造工艺性进行综合分析,针对其壁厚不均匀,易产生缩孔缩松、其砂芯阻碍收缩产生铸造应力易产生裂纹的现象,通过采用浇道通保温冒口及加覆盖剂、制作炮弹形砂芯、倾斜浇注加强补缩等工艺措施,有效地防止了裂纹和缩松的产生,生产出了合格铸件,为类似铸件的生产积累了经验.