基于ANSYS二次开发及其在直缝埋弧焊的应用

为提高利用ANSYS进行多丝直缝埋弧焊数值模拟的分析效率,简化操作程序,在ANSYS平台上,针对多丝直缝埋弧焊的特点,利用其固有的参数化设计语言APDL进行二次开发,编制了一套参数化的多丝直缝埋弧焊数值仿真模块.此模块集成了大量的参数输入,能满足不同工艺条件下的数值模拟.利用此模块可以方便快捷地进行基于ANSYS的多丝直缝埋弧焊的数值模拟.整个过程完全实现了参数化建模、加载和后处理,从而减少了前后处理时间,提高了分析效率,并通过试验证明了此套模块的有效性.     

基于B扫描成像的油气对焊弯管缺陷的超声导波检测

为解决应用超声导波检出油气对焊弯管缺陷的难题,分析了弯头及环焊缝对L(0,2)模态、T(0,1)模态导波的传播影响,发现环焊缝会使导波产生反射,弯头及环焊缝会使导波产生衰减和模态转换,而导致油气对焊弯管缺陷难以检出;提出了基于B扫描成像的超声导波检测方法,通过B扫描图像辅助识别弯管缺陷信号;最后加工了2根带缺陷的油气对焊弯管,采用上述方法进行检测试验。试验结果表明,基于B扫描成像的超声导波检测方法能够有效检测并定位出弯头及过弯头后直管上的缺陷。     

带裙座压力容器封头成形数值模拟模块的开发

为分析带裙座整体封头的成形工艺 ,在商用有限元软件 ANSYS上二次开发了专用的封头成形分析模块。该模块根据封头的尺寸参数 ,采用参数化方法建立有限元模型。根据数值模拟结果 ,分析了封头成形缺陷的产生原因及坯料形状对成形过程的影响     

超声导波在弯管中传播特性的有限元分析

通过建立弯管的ANSYS／LS-DYNA3D模型,模拟了L（0,2）模态导波在管道中的传播形态;计算了弯管中I。（0,2）和T（0,1）两种模态群速度曲线,并与相同管径和壁厚的直管做对比;研究了L（0,2）模态对管道弯头内外侧缺陷的检测能力。结果表明：导波在通过弯头时会发生模态转换,且频率越高模态转换越明显;L（0,2）和T（0,1）两种模态在弯管和直管中的频散曲线低频段时差异小而高频段时差异显著;并且,L（0,2）模态对弯头外侧缺陷检测能力要高于弯头内侧。     

扭转模态超声导波在弯管中的检测试验

超声导波在弯管中的传播较在直管中人传播更为复杂,而在实际工程现场,弯管弯头部位的检测尤为重要。利用磁致伸缩超声导波激励出扭转模态T(0,1),研究了超声导波在弯管中典型部位的缺陷检测问题及不同检测频率对弯管缺陷识别的影响。试验结果表明:检测频率低会导致超声导波反射信号在拱背外侧缺陷和弯头焊缝处发生频散而难以分离;检测频率高,得到的弯头拱背内侧缺陷与拱背外侧缺陷的信号幅值都很小。因此选择合适的检测频率,才能更好地对弯头缺陷进行有效识别。T(0,1)模态导波经过弯头时,能量会在拱背外侧产生聚焦,在拱背内侧出现发散,拱背外侧缺陷比拱背内侧缺陷更容易检出;信号经过弯头后,能量衰减严重,衰减后的能量约为原来的一半。     

缠绕式弯管工艺对管壁厚度影响的数值分析

采用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS对缠绕式弯管制造工艺进行数值模拟分析，计算出弯管在弯制成形后的外壁减薄率和内壁增厚率、弯管的应力应变分布等相关工艺参数，并比较了不同的相对弯曲半径对壁厚减薄的影响。     

钢筋缺陷超声导波检测数值模拟及信号分析

首先进行了超声导波的理论分析,并且应用有限元分析软件建立了钢筋超声导波传播模型,进行了钢筋不同缺陷长度和深度超声导波传播数值模拟。其次,基于钢筋缺陷损伤回波信号,研究了其反射系数与回波时间,得到了钢筋在不同损伤程度下的超声导波传播规律,并给出了缺陷的位置及影响因素。最后,对模拟信号进行时频分析,验证了超声导波检测的准确性。     

加热弯管工艺研究

采用计算机数值模拟、理论分析与实验结合的方法 ,对加热弯管进行三维有限元模拟研究 ,利用三维有限元数值模拟加热弯管工艺 ,可以得出切合实际的工艺参数     

超声导波管道表面激励接收的仿真分析

目前已有的超声导波激励模型均是在管道端部截面处施加瞬时载荷。然而,实际检测中,导波探头一般安装在管道外表面。为此,本文使用Ansys LS-DYNA显性动力学模块建立管道3-D模型,分别在管道表面施加汉宁窗调制的位移荷载和力载荷,可以成功地激励出轴对称纵向模态导波。仿真信号的波速接近理论值,缺陷定位准确。该方法很好地从声场角度对压电导波和电磁超声导波进行仿真分析,也为非轴对称局部加载激励导波的数值模拟提供了方法。     

基于ANSYS二次开发的三维金属成形数值模拟研究

本文在ANSYS平台上，利用其固有的参数化设计语言APDL和用户编程特性UPFs进行二次开发，实现了金属成形三维数值模拟分析的网格重划功能，并通过实验证明了二次开发的正确性。     

以聚焦能量为导向导波非穿透型缺陷检测研究

为了达到导波的检测能量尽可能聚焦于缺陷处的目的,结合时间反转聚焦理论,采用模拟计算与实验研究相结合的方法对含有不同尺寸的非穿透型裂纹缺陷的管道进行检测研究,得到时间反转导波反射回波系数是直接导波反射回波系数的3倍,由此证明了时间反转法的时-空聚焦的特性,即时间反转导波同时到达缺陷位置,实现了能量的汇聚,论证了时间反转聚焦理论可用于管道导波的缺陷检测、提高小缺陷的检出能力。     

Application of laser-generated guided wave for evaluation of corrosion in carbon steel pipe

Local wall thinning of pipes, resulting from corrosion, is the major cause of accidents in nuclear power plants. In order to assure the integrity of pipes, a variety of NDE techniques have been proposed. It is well recognized that the utilization of guided waves to detect flaws in pipes has been a very effective tool for long-range inspection in NDE. Since most conventional research on guided waves has focused on long-range inspection, it is difficult to evaluate a defect in a local area. An objective of this study is to develop a non-contact inspection technique for the quantitative evaluation of defects on a local area in a cylindrical tube. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce an advanced inspection system and a new signal processing method for the evaluation of defects such as corrosion in a pipe. In this study, an advanced non-contact method for pipe inspection is proposed, which generates the ultrasonic guided wave by laser and receives it by a dual air-coupled transducer. Information on each directional defect location and length is obtained by using a line scan along a circumferential and longitudinal direction. Received signals are analyzed by using the peak-to-peak amplitude of waveform and the maximum center frequency magnitude of the frequency spectrum. The optimal mode selection of guided waves based on a dispersion curve is also discussed. The experimental results using the proposed method show that the location and the size of the defect could be evaluated successfully in the 2-dimensional scanning images.     

圆管中的超声导波

对圆管中超声导波及其在无损检测中的应用作了介绍,并给出了若干实验结果。超声导波技术不需要像常规超声检测中那样移动换能器进点探测,因而可大大提高管道的检测效率。     

Detectability of corrosion damage with circumferential guided waves in reflection and transmission

There is an increasing interest in high frequency short range guided waves to screen or monitor for corrosion. This contrasts with long range guided waves (LRGWs) which screen pipes for large patches of corrosion and have been successfully used in corrosion management for the past twenty years. The fundamental setup described in this paper uses circumferential guided waves, which are excited at a single location on a pipe and travel around the pipe wall and are detected at the same location. The study uses a finite element model assisted method to evaluate the detection capability of two short range circumferential guided wave setups which use both the reflected and transmitted signals. The setups themselves consist of either an axial array of transducers, for monitoring, or a single transducer which axially scans a pipe. Both setups have an array or scan pitch between either adjacent transducers or measurements. The detection capability of the fundamental Lamb wave modes (A0 and S0) in both reflection and transmission have been compared, as well as a hybrid shear horizontal wave setup, which uses the SH0 mode in reflection and the SH1 mode in transmission. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using two separate methods to determine the probability of detection (POD) for either the reflection or transmission signals. Both methods determine a POD for a specific defect, noise level, and array or scan pitch. Probability images are produced which map the POD for a range of defect sizes. For the parameters investigated in this study, it was found that in transmission large diameter defects have a higher detectability, whereas deep, narrow diameter defects are more detectable in reflection. A generalised overview of the sensitivity of short range guided waves is presented by combining both the reflection and transmission PODs. The data fused sensitivity of the S0 and SH hybrid modes are given as 0.6% and 0.75% cross sectional area (CSA) respectively, allowing for the comparison with LRGWs. The A0 mode was excluded from the POD analysis because it was much less sensitive than the other two modes.     

管道导波检测中激发频率的选择及灵敏度分析

采用超声纵向导波对热交换管进行检测。首先利用导波的频散曲线，选定了检测的最佳导波模式L(0，2)，然后用位移分布、应力分布及总能量密度分布等选取了用该模式检测特定管道的频厚积，最后通过试验分析了管道导波检测的灵敏度。试验结果表明，L(0，2)模式的波长比缺陷尺寸大10倍时，也能非常清楚地检测到缺陷。     

不锈钢管材中弯曲模态导波试验

使用单探头激励法在管壁中激励弯曲模态的导波,以频散曲线为切入点,研究了弯曲模态导波在不锈钢管材中的传播规律以及对缺陷检测的可行性。根据频散曲线选定F(n,3)及L(0,2)模态,进而确定激励频率和入射角。得到弯曲模态导波可对φ1 mm(含φ1 mm)的通孔进行有效检测的结论。     

基于ANSYS的热板温度场模拟与优化设计

针对热板表面温差偏大问题进行三维有限元温度场分析,用参数化设计语言(APDL)编写优化分析文件,再调用ANSYS的优化设计模块,采用综合优化法对热管间距和热管功率进行优化分析。结果显示,优化方案较原设计方案热板表面最大温差降低61%,效果显著,为优化热板温度场提供一种快速、科学的方法。     

管道中激励和接收扭转模态导波专用探头的研制与应用

超声导波检测技术是一种新兴的无损检测方法。扭转模态是管道中超声导波的模态之一,可以检测各类缺陷。采用厚度切变型压电陶瓷作为敏感元件的探头,其外形尺寸为20 mm×10 mm×20 mm,在4 m长的钢管中进行了扭转模态的激励与接收试验。结果表明,该探头能够有效地激励和接收扭转模态,抑制了其它模态导波的干扰。     

A dispersion compensation procedure to extend pulse-echo defects location to irregular waveguides

A time–frequency signal processing procedure aimed at extending pulse-echo defect detection methods based on guided waves to irregular waveguides is proposed. In particular, the procedure returns the distance traveled by a guided wave that has propagated along a waveguide composed by segments with different dispersive properties by processing the detected echo signal. To such aim, the acquired signal is processed by means of a two-step procedure. First, a warped frequency transform (WFT) is used to compensate the dispersion of the guided wave due to the traveled distance in a portion of the waveguide that is assumed as reference. Next, a further compensation is applied to remove from the warped signal the group delay introduced by the remaining irregular portion of the waveguide. Thanks to this processing strategy, the actual distance traveled by the wave in the regular portion of the irregular waveguide is revealed. Thus, the proposed procedure is suitable for automatically locate defect-induced reflections in irregular waveguides and can be easily implemented in real applications for structural health monitoring purposes. The potential of the procedure is demonstrated and validated numerically by simulating and processing Lamb waves propagating in waveguides made up of different uniform, tapered and curved segments.