纳米Al2O3/TiO2多层涂层的低温制备及其性能*

采用原子层沉积技术(ALD)在 200 ℃低温条件下将纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层沉积在硬质合金刀具表面。利用扫描电镜 SEM、划痕测试仪和三向测力仪以及数控机床等设备,对不同形式的纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层刀具的涂层-基体结合力和切削性能等进行研究。结果表明,基于原子层沉积技术低温制备的纳米多层涂层刀具的涂层-基体结合强度高;涂层层数、 涂层沉积顺序及涂层层厚比对纳米多层涂层刀具的切削力有不同程度的影响;纳米多层涂层刀具更适合高速切削,当切削速度大于 2.33 m / s 时,纳米多层涂层刀具的切削力和摩擦因数呈下降趋势,表现出良好的切削性能,其中双层纳米涂层刀具的切削性能更好;在高速切削时,纳米多层涂层刀具表面摩擦因数比普通未涂层硬质合金刀具低,纳米 Al₂O₃ / TiO₂ 多层涂层能够有效改善刀具的黏结磨损,减少刀-屑粘黏现象和烫伤现象,能够改善刀具表面的耐磨损性能。     

6W6Mo5Cr4V钢表面CrTiAlN复合涂层的性能研究

利用多弧离子镀设备在6W6Mo5Cr4V基体上进行CrTiAlN复合涂层的制备。将该样品在场发射扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、高速往复式微摩擦实验机和纳米划痕仪上进行涂层厚度、硬度、摩擦系数以及结合力的测定。结果表明:该复合涂层的厚度为0.6μm,基体的硬度值为744 HV,涂层的硬度约为3098 HV,涂层的硬度约为基体硬度的4倍;该复合涂层摩擦系数为0.32;涂层与基体结合力为6.98 N。     

AlCrN/VN多层涂层力学性能及其热稳定性

目的制备高硬度自润滑AlCrN/VN纳米多层复合涂层,提升刀具耐磨性,增加刀具寿命。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在单晶硅(100)、不锈钢以及硬质合金基底上沉积不同调制周期的Al Cr N/VN纳米多层涂层,系统研究涂层力学性能、滑动摩擦性能及高温稳定性。涂层制备采用Al_(70)Cr_(30)合金和单质V靶材,EDS结果显示涂层Al/Cr比例接近靶材成分,V元素原子比约为30%。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)以及X射线衍射技术(XRD)表征涂层显微结构,采用显微硬度仪以及滑动摩擦试验研究涂层硬度以及摩擦性能随调制周期的变化。最后对调制周期为24nm的涂层进行氧化实验,并测试其硬度与摩擦系数。结果沉积涂层厚度以及相组成几乎不受调制周期的影响。沉积涂层硬度与调制周期紧密关联,摩擦系数随着调制周期的减小而逐渐降低。当调制周期为24 nm时,涂层获得最大硬度,为3970HV_(0.05),此时涂层表面最为光滑(Ra=33.6 nm)。对调制周期为24 nm的多层涂层进行不同温度下空气氧化并测定其硬度与摩擦系数,结果表明硬度随着氧化温度升高到400、500、700℃而下降至1474、1248、370HV_(0.05),摩擦系数随之大幅度升高。结论 VN涂层的加入使得AlCrN涂层硬度降低,摩擦系数降低,且其硬度以及摩擦系数受到调制周期的显著影响,涂层经400℃氧化后,硬度值大幅度降低,热稳定性不好。     

过渡层TiAlN的力学性能与微观结构对AlCrSiN涂层宏观力学性能的影响

AlCrSiN多元硬质涂层具有优异的力学性能,在刀具领域有广泛应用前景。然而,如何在基底上制备出力学性能优异的AlCrSiN涂层有待进一步研究。基于电弧离子镀技术,在硬质合金基底上沉积了不同Ti/Al原子比的TiAlN过渡层,并在其上沉积了AlCrSiN涂层,研究了过渡层TiAlN的微观结构(晶面取向、晶粒尺寸、致密度等)对功能层AlCrSiN力学性能的影响。Ti-Al-N固溶相的择优取向为(200)。随着Ti含量的增加,(200)衍射峰宽化,晶粒细化,致密程度提高,硬度增加。Ti/Al原子比为2.75时,TiAlN晶粒尺寸为9.549nm,其上制备的AlCrSiN硬度值达到3139.6HV,并且涂层与基底间的结合力高达92N。细化(200)取向的TiAlN过渡层晶粒可以有效提高其上AlCrSiN涂层的硬度以及涂层与硬质合金基底的结合力。研究成果对提高功能层AlCrSiN的力学性能及涂层刀具的寿命有一定的指导意义。     

PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

基材硬度和涂层厚度对AlCrN多元复合纳米硬质涂层硬度的影响

采用真空阴极多弧离子镀技术制备了Al Cr N多元复合纳米硬质涂层,利用洛氏硬度计、划痕仪、HV显微硬度计、球磨仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪检测并分析了涂层膜基结合力、显微形貌、相结构以及基体硬度、涂层厚度对涂层硬度的影响。结果表明,涂层以Al Cr N/Cr N结构沉积,随着涂层厚度的增加,膜基结合强度提高。涂层表面成波纹状,有少量大颗粒,涂层内部呈Na Cl结构,含有大量呈柱状形式生长的面心立方的c-Cr N相和c-Al N相,择优取向均为(200)。同等基体硬度时,涂层厚度的增加有利于涂层硬度的提高,最佳涂层厚度为3.5~5.0μm。同等涂层厚度时,涂层硬度随着基体硬度的增加而增加,当涂层厚度低于4.0μm,基材硬度是影响涂层塑性变形抗力的主要因素。     

基体温度对磁控溅射CrN涂层微观结构和性能的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面沉积Cr N涂层,利用SEM、XRD、显微硬度仪、划痕仪和摩擦磨损试验仪研究了基体温度对涂层组织结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Cr N涂层主要呈现出fcc结构,并存在(111)晶面择优取向,基本温度为100℃时制备的涂层(111)和(220)取向竞争生长,300℃时制备的涂层(200)晶面生长增强;涂层的表面晶粒主要呈现三棱锥形貌;基体温度对涂层的力学性能影响较大,300℃时制备的涂层显微硬度和结合力的最高值分别达到1900 HV和50 N;涂层磨损率随基体温度的升高而降低。     

AlCrTiSiN表面复合涂层对数控机床铣刀磨损性能的影响

在数控机床用W6Mo5Cr4V2铣刀表面沉积了3种不同组分的AlCrTiSi N涂层,对比分析了3种涂层的纳米硬度、弹性模量、摩擦系数、磨损率和切削寿命。结果表明,随着Al∶Cr原子比的减小,铣刀表面涂层的纳米硬度和弹性模量都表现为逐渐增加的趋势,涂层C的纳米硬度和弹性模量均最大;涂层A的摩擦系数相对较高,其次为涂层B,而涂层C的摩擦系数最低;涂层C具有较高的耐磨性能,其次为涂层B,而涂层A的耐磨性能相对较差;随着切削长度的增加,3种涂层刀具的后刀面磨损呈现逐渐升高的趋势,涂层C刀具的后刀面磨损最小;3种涂层刀具的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,涂层C刀具的切削性能最好。     

微纳米覆盖层材料的力学性能表征探讨

使用Agilent公司G200微/纳米压痕仪对多种微纳米覆盖层材料的力学性能进行了测量。结果表明,通过连续刚度法测量微纳米涂层材料,可以获得涂层硬度和弹性模量,并能得到涂层硬度或弹性模量随厚度的变化规律;通过试验也可以看到,纳米压痕法测量膜材的力学性能存在明显的表面效应;基材对膜材的力学性能没有影响;膜材厚度越大,同一深度测得的膜材的弹性模量越高。     

电弧离子镀制备TiBN纳米复合涂层

目的在纯N_2气氛环境下,低温制备TiBN纳米复合涂层,为TiBN涂层工业化生产积累科学数据。方法采用离子源增强阴极电弧离子镀系统,在硬质合金衬底上制备TiBN纳米复合涂层,系统研究了N_2气压对TiBN涂层晶体结构、表面形貌、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果 N_2气压对TiBN纳米复合涂层的晶体结构、表面形貌、硬度及摩擦系数的影响明显。随着N_2气压的升高,TiBN涂层中的TiN晶相逐渐增多,TiB_2晶相逐渐减少,为TiN晶粒和TiB_2晶粒镶嵌于非晶BN基体的复合结构。在0.5 Pa气压下,涂层硬度达3150HV。对于对磨材料硬质合金而言,TiBN涂层的摩擦系数为0.4左右。结论离子源增强电弧离子镀技术可以用于TiBN涂层的制备,制备出的TiBN涂层为纳米晶镶嵌于非晶的纳米复合涂层,涂层的显微硬度较高。在TiBN纳米复合涂层的工业化生产中,沉积N_2气压不宜偏高。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis