两种IC-6高温合金防护涂层的氧化行为

研究了IC-6高温合金及其防护性涂层NiCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY涂层在900～1100℃时的氧化.结果表明沉积NiCrAlY和NiCoCrAlY涂层后大大改善了IC-6合金的抗氧化性.在1000和1100℃时,NiCrAlY涂层的抗氧化性优于NiCoCrAlY涂层.900℃时,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜主要是α-Al2O3,同时还含有少量的Cr2O3;而NiCOCrAlY涂层氧化膜为单一的α-Al2O3,但由于NiCoCrAlY涂层表面氧化膜不致密,降低了涂层的抗氧化性.1000℃氧化时,NiCrAlY涂层和NiCoCrAlY涂层的氧化膜主要由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3构成.     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

NiCrAIY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrAlY涂层,测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃～1100℃的氧化动力学曲线.实验结果表明:K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律.900℃和1000℃时,K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后,明显改善了合金的抗氧化性.1100℃时,涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃.900℃氧化时,NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-A12O3和Cr2O3组成;1000℃氧化时,氧化初期,NiO、Cr2O3和A12O3 3种氧化物同时生成.随着氧化的进行,不仅氧化膜增厚,而且发生较复杂的反应,氧化膜的相组成发生变化.随着氧化温度升高,涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧,Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化性降低的原因之一.氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来,也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低.     

爆炸喷涂制备NiCrAlY/NiAl/ZrO2-Y2O3体系热障涂层

为了提高热障涂层的高温抗氧化性，采用爆炸喷涂技术在M22合金上制备了Ni-25Cr-5Al—0．5Y／Ni-50Al/ZrO2—8Y2O3(质量分数，％)体系的热障涂层．喷涂态Ni-50Al(NiAl)扩散阻挡层由δ-Ni2Al3，3-NiAl和NiAl3组成．对该涂层进行1050，1100和1150℃下的等温氧化，研究了NiAl层对氧化膜生长机制的影响．结果表明，NiCrAlY／NiAl／YSZ体系的氧化增重明显小于双层结构热障涂层的，其氧化动力学在1050和1100℃下符合四次方规律，在1150℃下符合抛物线规律，NiAl层有阻碍粘结层元素向外扩散、促进以Al2O3为主的氧化膜形成的作用．     

DD6单晶高温合金的等温氧化行为(英文)

研究第二代单晶高温合金DD6在1050℃和1100℃下的等温氧化行为,分别采用SEM、XRD和EDS对氧化产物进行分析。结果表明,在1050℃和1100℃温度下,DD6合金的100h氧化动力学曲线遵循亚抛物线规律。在1050℃时,氧化产物分为两层,外层为NiO和少量的Al2O3,内层为Al2O3。而在1100℃时,氧化产物分为三层,外层为Al2O3和少量的NiO,中间层为Cr2O3和TaO2,内层由Al2O3组成。在这2种温度下的氧化物下面都形成了无γ′相的区域。     

真空热处理对镍基单晶高温合金溅射NiCrAlY涂层抗氧化性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在镍基单晶高温合金基体上沉积NiCrAlY涂层，研究了真空热处理对涂层组织结构及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明，溅射NiCrAlY涂层主要由γ－Ni和β－NiAl两相组成，元素分布均匀；经真空热处理后，涂层主要由γ‘－Ni3Al、β－NiAl相和极少量的α－Al2O3相组成，元素分布变得不均匀，最外层富Al贫Cr。真空热处理可使溅射NiCrAlY涂层表面较早生成保护性能良好的α－Al2O3.1000℃氧化200h，溅射涂层氧化膜有较大部分已经剥落，但真空热处理涂层的氧化膜仍较好地粘附在涂层基体上。真空热处理使溅射NiCrAlY涂层表面生成的氧化膜粘附性更好，提高了溅射NiCrAlY涂层的抗氧化性能。     

磁控溅射Ni_3(AlCr)微晶涂层的抗氧化性能

研究了铸态Ni3(AlCr)合金及其微晶溅射涂层在900—1000℃下的高温氧化性能,结果表明:铸态Ni3(AlCr)合金在氧化过程中,开始形成以Al2O3为主含有少量NiAl2O4的氧化膜,但氧化膜的粘附性很差,在冷却时很容易剥落,在继续氧化过程中合金表面将形成NiO膜,由于NiO的保护性较差,合金表现出“失稳氧化”行为。而溅射微晶Ni3(AlCr)涂层表面形成的氧化膜与基体粘附良好,冷却过程中未发生剥落。长时间氧化后表面氧化膜只由Al2O3和NiAl2O4组成,未出现NiO,因此溅射微晶化合金的抗氧化     

NiAl微晶涂层对两种NiAl基共晶合金高温氧化性能的影响

研究了磁控溅NiAl微晶涂层对NiAl－28Cr-5Mo-1Hf和NiAl－33.5Cr-0.5Zr两种共晶合金在1000－1150℃静态空气中氧化性能的影响，添加Cr,Mo,Hf,Zr等元素使NiAl合金由单相转变为多相结构，高温氧化后表面分别形成抗氧化性能较差的Al2O3 CrO3 HfO2和Al2O3 Cr2O3 ZrO2复合氧化膜，并且发生严重的内氧化。施加NiAl微晶涂层后，高温下表面形成致密的单一氧化物Al2O3，抗氧化性能得到明显提高。     

电弧离子镀沉积Al(Cr)-O-N扩散阻挡层的研究

采用电弧离子镀方法在高温合金DSM11基材上沉积Al-O-N和Cr-O-N薄膜，研究了不同O2，N2流量对薄膜相结构的影响以及高温下DSM11／NiCoCrAlY，DSM11／Al-O-N／NiCoCrAlY和DSM11／Cr-O-N／NiCoCrAlY体系的元素互扩散行为。实验结果表明，Al(Cr)-O-N薄膜均为多晶膜，分别具有α-Al2O3 六方AlN和Cr2O3 CrN的相结构，随着N2，O2流量的改变，两相的相对含量发生变化。在1050℃下氧化100h后，Al-O-N层阻挡基体与涂层间元素互扩散的作用优于Cr-O-N层。扩散阻挡层对涂层的氧化动力学影响不大。     

Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶和含Y2O3弥散氧化物涂晶涂层的高温氧化性能

采用自行研制的高频电脉冲沉积（HFESD）设备在Fe20Cr4.5Al合金表面分别制备了Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶涂层与Fe20Cr4.5Al-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在1000℃和1100℃静态空气中，对合金基体和施加涂层试样进行了200h的恒温氧化实验。结果表明：在两种实验温度条件下，含有Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒的微晶涂层，完全消除了Al2O3氧化膜中的凸脊，细化了氧化膜的晶粒，抑制了氧化膜的剥落，大大地提高了氧化膜的致密性和粘附性。单一的微晶涂层则部分抑制了凸脊状氧化膜的形成，氧化膜由脊状氧化物和细晶氧化物混杂组成。涂层对氧化增重的影响则与氧化温度－氧化膜的生长速率有关，在1000℃下，涂层试样的氧化增重均有所降低，其中弥散氧化物微晶涂层试样的氧化增重最低；在1100℃下，施加微晶涂层和弥散氧化物涂层对氧化增重影响很小。微晶和Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒在提高Al2O3氧化膜保护性方面具有“协同效应”。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis