金属Sn凝固过程Flash DSC研究

采用闪速差示扫描量热仪(Flash DSC)研究了纯金属Sn熔滴在不同过热度及冷却速率下凝固过冷度的变化,并进行了理论分析和讨论。结果表明,当冷速足够大时,熔体过热度便对形核过冷度没有影响;冷却速率越大,过冷度越大,但过冷度随冷却速率增大而提高的变化趋势减小。在1~1 000 k/s冷速范围内,冷速越大结晶所需时间越短。     

等离子旋转电极雾化熔滴的热量传输与凝固行为

建立了在等离子旋转电极雾化 (PREP)制取合金粉末的过程中雾化熔滴的轨道运动方程 ,讨论了雾化熔滴在凝固过程中的热量传输与凝固行为 ,并确定了定量计算换热系数所需的雾化熔滴初始速度。用数值求解方法计算了FGH95高温合金雾化熔滴在PREP过程中的速度及其在凝固过程中的温度、固相分数、冷却速率等凝固参数。结果表明 :在作者提出的工艺参数下 ,FGH95合金熔滴的冷却速率达 10 4 K/s量级以上 ,合金过热度对冷却速率的影响主要在全液态阶段 ,而冷却速率和固相分数对氩氦气体的混合比例极其敏感     

多级雾化锡-铅合金的大过冷和凝固

ｎＰｂ合金经多级雾化后,得到平均粒度１０～２０μｍ的快速凝固粉末。采用差热分析（ＤＴＡ）和扫描电镜分析（ＳＥＭ）对ＳｎＰｂ多级雾化粉末的过冷度和结构进行了研究,结果表明：多级雾化的确存在熔体的大过冷,与理论预言相吻合,测得的过冷度（在低冷速下）最高时超过９０Ｋ。过冷度与熔滴成分密切相关,富Ｓｎ合金过冷度大于富Ｐｂ合金。粉末的显微组织结构强烈依赖于过冷度、形核前的冷却速度和合金成分。过冷度越大,冷速越大,组织越细小均匀。     

高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程数值分析Ⅱ.工艺参数对熔滴传热过程的影响

在高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程数学模型的基础上，用Fe-Al合金进行了数值计算，分析了工艺参数对熔滴传热过程的影响。结果表明，熔滴尺寸越小，在一定喷涂距离上的对流换热系数则越大、熔滴温度越高、固相分数越小、冷却速度越大；雾化气流压力和喷涂电流越大，在一定的喷涂距离上熔滴温度也就越高，熔滴中的固相分数越低，且其凝固过程也越长；熔滴的冷却速度对熔滴尺寸和喷涂距离的变化十分敏感，而对雾化气流压力和喷涂电流的变化不太敏感；Fe-Al合金熔滴的液态冷却速度达10^5～10^7K／s数量级，预示涂层将具有快速凝固组织特征。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化银合金熔滴的传热与冷却

对超音速电弧喷射雾化Ag-Cu共晶型和Ag-Ni、Ag-Fe偏晶型合金雾化熔滴的传热与冷却进行了分析.考虑到熔滴冷却过程中, 表面热传导存在上限, 内部存在一定热阻, 熔滴冷却应为近似牛顿冷却方式, 在前人工作基础上, 对牛顿冷却方式的换热系数和冷却速率的表达公式进行了经验修正, 并用其它冷却速率测量方法进行了验证;计算了Ag合金雾化熔滴的换热系数和冷却速率, 结果显示, 超音速电弧喷射雾化快速凝固Ag合金粉末的冷却速率达到105～7K/s, 表明超音速电弧喷射雾化工艺的冷却速率比常规气雾化法高得多, 是制备高性能快速凝固合金粉末的新方法.     

Ni-B共晶合金非平衡凝固组织形态研究

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的深过冷技术,研究共晶合金Ni-3.6%B在不同的冷却速率和过冷度下凝固的室温组织变化规律。结果表明,过冷度和冷却速度都对凝固组织形态有重要影响,过冷度从16 K逐渐增加到301 K,熔断后的初生相-αNi由棒状晶转变为粒状晶,共晶组织从层片状转变为非规则点状组织;在大过冷条件下,改变冷却条件,冷却速率由真空炉中空冷、水淬、Ga-In合金淬冷和铜模激冷逐次增加,则所得室温共晶组织形态会由非规则点状转变为规则层片状。进一步理论分析表明,在小过冷条件下,共晶合金Ni-3.6%B的室温组织形态主要由过冷度决定,而在大过冷条件下,共晶组织形态则由冷却速率决定。     

深过冷Cu_(98)Co_2合金的凝固组织演化

采用熔融玻璃净化配合循环过热的净化技术,对Cu98Co2合金进行了系统的深过冷实验。分别采用空冷与快淬两种冷却方法,在一定过冷度和冷却速率相结合下制备出单相固溶体探讨了过冷度及冷却速率对凝固组织的影响。实验结果表明,随过冷度提高凝固组织呈现粗大树枝晶→细小粒状晶→定向细枝晶→粗大粒状晶的演化趋势,基于枝晶生长模型,解释了上述凝固组织演化规律。在大过冷度下,由于该合金具有高层错能和高形核率,再结晶和晶粒长大迅速发生,凝固组织为晶界平直的粗大等轴晶。     

高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程数值分析Ⅰ.数学模型及传热参数变化规律

采用流体力学理论、凝固理论和牛顿冷却模式,提出了高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程的数学模型,并用一种Fe-Al合金进行数值计算,用Spraywatch-2i热喷涂监控系统测试不同喷涂距离处熔滴平均温度的变化,以验证数学模型的正确性,并分析了雾化熔滴传热参数的变化规律。结果表明,计算结果与实测数据基本吻合。雾化过程中熔滴的对流换热系数、温度、固相分数及冷却速度等传热参数呈规律性变化。直径为34μm的Fe-Al合金雾化熔滴的初始液态冷却速度达2.5×10⁶ K/s,预示涂层将具有快速凝固组织特征。     

高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程数值分析Ⅰ.数学模型及传热参数变化规律

采用流体力学理论、凝固理论和牛顿冷却模式,提出了高速电弧喷涂雾化熔滴传热过程的数学模型,并用一种Fe-Al合金进行数值计算,用Spray watch-2i热喷涂监控系统测试不同喷涂距离处熔滴平均温度的变化,以验证数学模型的正确性,并分析了雾化熔滴传热参数的变化规律.结果表明,计算结果与实测数据基本吻合.雾化过程中熔滴的对流换热系数、温度、固相分数及冷却速度等传热参数呈规律性变化.直径为34 μm的Fe-Al合金雾化熔滴的初始液态冷却速度达2.5×106K/s,预示涂层将具有快速凝固组织特征.     

高压环境雾化钐铁液滴冷却过程的研究

通过建立高压环境下雾化液滴传热与冷却的理论模型,分析了钐铁合金液滴雾化凝固过程中的冷却阶段,重点讨论了环境压力和液滴尺寸对冷却行为的影响。分析结果表明,冷却过程中对流传热系数随环境压力的升高而增大,随液滴尺寸的减小而增大,尺寸越小,传热系数变化越明显;环境压力升高可使雾化液滴在0.000 2 s或更短的时间内以更大的对流传热系数进行热量传递;随环境压力的升高,液滴的冷却速率增大,形核过冷度也有缓慢增大的趋势,直径50μm以内的液滴的冷却速率达106K/s,形核过冷度达200℃以上。在实际的雾化过程中,环境压力通过减小液滴尺寸显著提高冷却速度,增大形核过冷度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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