Design and finite element analysis of lightmass silicon carbide primary mirror

Primary mirror is one of the key components in the space remote sensing system. To minimize the mass of the mirror without compromising its stiffness and decrease the deformation of the mirror surface at the different temperatures are the mainly two objects in the development of the primary mirror. Silicon carbide （SIC）, the most promising optical material, was used as the material of the primary mirror with triangle lightmass structure in a Cassegrain system. By using finite element method, the properties of the SiC mirror were compared with that of the traditional Be mirror and fused silica mirror. The results of static, dynamic and thermo-mechanical analysis indicate that the deformation of the mirror surface caused by temperature field is much bigger than that caused by gravity field. The SiC mirror has the best overall properties, and the SiC material is much suitable for the primary mirror.     

Effects of hot rolling on microstructure and properties of a 20 vol. % SiCp／Al composite

A 20 vol.% SiCp/Al composite was fabricated by squeeze casting, of which a new process for fabricating the preform was used by blending Al powder and SiC particulates with average diameters of 10 and 3.5μtm, respectively. The microstructure of the as-cast and the hot-rolled composite was investigated by using TEM, EDS, and SEM, and their tensile properties were measured at room temperature. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the hot-rolled composite are 80% and 140% higher than those of the as-cast one. The TEM observation result indicates that there are high density of dislocations and dislocation tangles in the hot-rolled composite. Al2O3 layers in the composite resuiting from the surface oxidation of the aluminum powders were damaged to spherical particles during hot rolling. All the results indicate that hot-rolling can improve the mechanical properties of the composite and, therefore, engineering components of the 20 vol.% SiCp/Al composite can be produced by squeeze casting followed by hot-rolling.     

Development and application of coupling model of aluminum thin-gauge high-speed casting

Based on the analyses of aluminum melt flow, solidification, heat transfer during the process of twin-roll casting, a coupling mathematical model of aluminum thin-gauge high-speed casting was developed, which included the casting roller shell. At the same time, Galerkin method was adopted to solve the coupling model. The fluid field and temperature field of aluminum melt in casting zone, the temperature field and thermal stress field of roller shells were simulated by the coupling model. When the casting velocity is 7 m/min, and the thickness of strip is 2 mm, the circumfluent area comes into being in the casting zone, and the mushy zone dominates the casting zone, while the temperature of melt decreases rapidly as it approaches the rollers. The temperature of the roller shell varies periodically with the rotation of roller, and reaches the highest temperature in the casting zone, while the temperature of roller shell decreases gradually as it leaves the casting zone. The difference of thermal stress between the inner surface and outer surface of the roller shell is very large, and the outer surface suffers tensile-compressive stress.     

Semi-solid Forming of a Damper Housing with Dendritic and Non-dendritic Al-Si-Mg Alloy

A motorcycle component of damper housing was made by semi-solid forming process. This was used to investigate the effect of microstructures of feedstock on the formability of semisolid process. The soundness and microstructures of casting parts made by dendritic and non-dendritic feedstock were investigated. Separating of liquid phase was found in the casting produced by dendritic feedstock, which might result in defects of porosity, while uniform microstructures were found in the casting produced by non-dendritic feedstock.     

The study of electroless Ni-W-P alloy plating on glass fibers

Ni-W-P coatings were deposited on the surface of glass fibers by the electroless plating process. The bath was very stable through the palladium salt test. There was no phenomenon of peeling and blistering on the surface of the Ni-W-P alloy glass fibers in the thermal shock test. It showed that the deposit had high impact strength and good adhesion. The morphology of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The elements and their contents were tested and analyzed by energy dispersion spectrometer （EDS）. The tungsten content reached up to 12.1 wt.%. The effects of the concentrations of NiSO4, Na2WO4, and NaH2PO2.H20 on the conductivity of the coatings were studied. The resistivity of the Ni-W-P alloy glass fibers reached 7.39 × 10^-3 Ωcm. The alloy coatings on glass fibers were analyzed by XRD. The results indicated that the deposit had an amorphous structure and good heat stability. The suitable work temperature range was lower than 190℃. Finally, the electromagnetic parameters of the Ni-W-P alloy glass fibers were tested and analyzed primarily. The magnetic loss reached 0.04023 and the dielectric loss reached -5.80239. The plated alloy is a kind of soft magnetic material.     

The Spear of King Fuchai of Wu State—Surface alloying technology of 2,500 years ago

正Wu State(495 B.C.-473 B.C.)Bronze Length:29.5 cm Most bronze weapons held by the nobility 2,500 years ago were decorated luxuriously.This spear belonged to King Fuchai of Wu State.Since the body of the bronze spear(containing approx.19%tin)was long buried in the grave,it was eroded by the humic acid solution there.In the black lines of the rhombic patterns on the surface of the spear,the copper-rich a-phase in the dendritic     

Surface modification of an up-conversion luminescence material by overcoating with SiO2 and its characterization

The surface of an up-conversion luminescence material was modified by overcoating with SiO2, which was syn- thesized from a hydrolysis progress of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in alkalescent condition. By analyzing the hydrolyzed mechanism of TEOS, it was found that there was not only physical adsorption but also chemical bonding between the up-conversion material and SiO2. At the same time, some adsorption bands at 1100, 475, 950, and 3500 cm?1 were found by FI-IR, which were the characteristic bands of Si?OH and Si?O?Si. By analyzing the surface elements of the coated material by XPS, it was found that its surface only included Si, O, and C elements, and not F and Y. In the picture of XRD, there was no additional peak after surface modification, suggesting that the silica shell was amorphous. The small peak at 2θ = 23° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the coated material was caused by the amorphous SiO2 shell, and the TEM image also proved that the surface of the material was successfully modified by overcoating with SiO2. The amount of hydroxyls was then increased on the surface of the material, which made it easy to connect with other active groups.     

Cu-10Sn-4Ni-3Pb Alloy Prepared by Crystallization Under Pressure： An Experimental Study

The wear-resistant tin bronze (Cu-10Sn-4Ni-3Pb) with tin content above 8 wt.% prepared by traditional melting and casting process usually defects such as low density, poor properties and segregations. The crystallization under pressure processing of Cu-10Sn-4Ni-3Pb alloy was investigated. The microstructures were observed and analyzed and compared with that by traditional melting and casting process. The results show that the dendrite has obviously disappeared and the dendritic segregation alleviated by using the crystallization under 680 MPa pressure process, in comparison with the remarkably dendrite microstructure and severe as-cast defects of alloy prepared by traditional melting and casting technology. Based on the experimental study, the properties and microstructures of Cu-10Sn-4Ni-3Pb tin bronze prepared by crystallization under pressure have been improved significantly.     

Crystallinity and crystallization mechanism of lithium X-ray diffractometry aluminosilicate glass by

The crystallinity of lithium aluminosilicate（LAS） glass after crystallization were studied at different temperatures by X-ray diffractometry and the crystallinity of the standard glass ceramic with known crystal and glass phases was examined. The crystallization mechanism of LAS glass was analyzed by the crystallinity, with a formula relating the crystallinity （X） and temperature （T）. The results show that the calculated crystaUinity of LAS glass by XRD increases with the erystaUization temperature, in the range of 40%-50%, which is close to the calculated ones of standard samples with spodumene quartz ratio of 40%-70%. The activation energy of LAS glass is different within different temperature ranges; nEe is 125.44 kJ/mol at 710-810 ℃ and nEe is 17.42 kJ/mol at 810-980 ℃, which indicates different crystallization mechanisms. It has been proved that the required energy for crystallization of glass in the lower temperature range includes the interracial energy between glass and crystalline phase and the free energy difference of atoms in structures of glass and crystal, and in the higher temperature ranges only the interfacial energy between glass and crystalline phase is considered.     

Temperature change and stress distribution analysis of die surface in Al-alloy die casting process and experimental study on die heat check

The temperature change of the die surface in practical aluminum alloy die casting process was analyzed, and a 2D model was formulated on the basis of a deep concave round cavity without sliding core to analyze the stress distributions along the die surface in detail. Equipment was designed to test the thermal state of the die steel in different thermal loading conditions. The results of stress analysis showed that, the value of thermal stress （maximum 1.5 GPa） caused in the die filling and die spraying stages was larger than the mechanical stress （maximum 85 MPa） caused in the die locking stage. The results of the thermal check experiment showed that there were three stages of die dissolving, and that the stress distribution shown by the samples＇ cracking routine was close to the die surface stress analysis.     

DIBK-TBP体系萃取分离锆铪的机理

为了解二异丁基甲酮(DIBK)-TBP体系萃取锆铪的化学行为,分别采用斜率法和饱和容量法研究DIBK和TBP在HSCN介质中协同萃取锆铪的性能及机理,结果表明:DIBK-TBP体系萃取分离锆铪时优先萃取铪,萃取反应机理为溶剂化机理,萃合物中Zr4+(Hf4+)、TBP、DIBK的摩尔比为1:1:1,其萃合物组成分别为Zr(SCN)4.TBP.DIBK和Hf(SCN)4.TBP.DIBK,并通过对负载有机相进行红外光谱分析进一步确定了萃合物可能的结构式;DIBK和TBP协同使用可以改善HSCN介质下锆铪的萃取分离效果。     

非调质钢弯臂、直臂的开发应用

介绍了非调质钢（30MnVS和35MnVN）与调质钢（40Cr）的材料力学性能试验结果。并依据3种材料的对比试验结果,内在质量检测结果选定30MnVS钢或35MnVN钢为汽车弯、直臂用材,以替代40Cr钢制造弯、直壁,并对使用效果进行了综合性分析。     

置氢TC21钛合金粉末模压成形烧结组织性能研究

采用置氢TC21钛合金粉末模压成形+保护气氛烧结工艺,研究置氢TC21钛合金粉末模压成形-烧结合金的组织性能的变化规律.结果表明:置氢量0.22%(质量分数,下同)和0.39%的TC21粉末烧结体组织较细,致密化程度也较高,置氢量0.39%的TC21粉末烧结体退火后的抗压强度和屈服强度最高.随着置氢量的增加,置氢TC21钛合金粉末模压成形烧结体片层组织尺寸变薄、针状的组织变细,晶粒尺寸变小;置氢TC21钛合金粉末模压成形烧结体退火后组织较退火前发生了明显的均匀化和细化;烧结体真空退火后氢含量达到安全状态,其中,置氢量0.39%的TC21钛合金粉末烧结体致密效果较好、综合力学性能较高.     

铱及其合金的加工及应用

高熔点、良好的耐腐蚀性和高温抗氧化性使得铱及其合金在高温领域有着不可替代的作用.但铱又是最难加工成型的金属之一,其应用存在很多限制.论文综述了铱及其合金的多种成型加工工艺,包括精炼、熔化、粉末冶金、变形加工和沉积,重点介绍了铱涂层的沉积方法,包括熔盐电沉积、CVD和PVD,并分析了各种方法的优缺点.最后对铱及其合金的应用进行了简要介绍.     

干式和准干式电火花加工技术及应用

干式和准干式电火花加工分别采用气体和雾作为放电介质,与液中放电加工相比,具有放电能量和加工间隙小、对环境和操作者无污染、无火灾隐患等优点.介绍了干式及准干式电火花加工技术的发展和应用,包括干式成形铣削、干式线切割加工、气中抛光、超声振动辅助干式加工、雾中铣削和钻孔等.     

国内外静压造型工艺与设备简介

回顾了静压造型的发展历史,通过典型机型的介绍,对其优缺点进行了分析,指出目前静压造型机存在的主要问题,提出高生产率、柔性化、少人(无人)操控的高可靠性静压造型线是今后发展的方向。     

一段炉转化炉管的组织性能分析与评估

采用化学成分分析、着色渗透探伤分析、电子探针分析、显微组织分析、力学性能及高温持久性能分析等方法,对大型合成氨一段炉竖琴管排运行1.0×105h的转化管进行综合分析和评估。结果表明：转化管化学成分符合技术要求,宏观组织正常,显微组织形态良好,内外表面轻微腐蚀;经高温持久性能在L-M曲线中拟合外推,该管的剩余寿命远大于2.2×104h;炉管虽使用1.0×105h满足了工艺要求,但壁厚太大,影响热效率,同时内径小,限制了触媒和流量;因此,为提高效率,建议在今后的设计中采用性能较好的材料ZG50Ni35Cr25NbM。     

铝熔体的合金化及理化过程

从炉料的熔化、正常熔炼时的合金化、滞后加入组元的合金化和合金化过程中的其他物理化学行为等四个方面阐述了铝熔体的合金化及理化过程。     

Growth and Application of Chalcogenides of Lead and Related Compounds

Large grain, low-dislocation, high-quality single crystals of various Pb-salt compounds have been grownreproducibly by the Horizontal Unseeded Vapor Growth (HUVG) technique. The Tunable Diode Lasers withbetter performance have been made with such crystals. The annealing feature, dislocations and diffusion in thecrystals have also been investigated.     

B,Sr联合处理Al-7Si合金及细化变质效果评估

采用定量金相及化学分析方法研究了B，Sr联合处理对亚共晶Al-7Si合金凝固组织的影响．Al-7Si合金熔体经B，Sr联合处理时，Sr对合金的细化处理效果无明显影响．而B的出现减少了熔体中有效Sr含量，降低了合金的变质处理效果．在此基础上，结合冷却曲线模式识别技术研究了合金熔体状态与冷却曲线凝固段整体形状的关系．随着表征曲线相似程度的综合偏差值仃趋近于零，相应的变质级别差值及晶粒尺寸差值也同时向零收敛．冷却曲线凝固段的整体形状可以表征B，Sr联合处理后合金的熔体状态．通过建立基于大量实验结果累积的数据库，有望实现B，Sr联合处理Al-7Si合金细化变质效果的在线评测．