低挥发性脱漆剂的研究

以苯甲醇(BA)、丙二醇乙醚(MPA)和二丙酮醇(DKA)为主溶剂制成低挥发性脱漆剂，考察了主溶剂、促进剂的种类、用量等因素对脱漆效果的影响。实验表明：促进剂甲酸、苯酚的用量为9％时，脱漆效率可提高2～3倍；加入1．5％的液体石蜡可以降低其挥发速率，增加脱漆剂的有效作用时间。     

水性脱漆剂脱漆效率影响因素的试验研究

以苯甲醇型水性脱漆剂为研究对象,考察促进剂和表面活性剂类型及用量、脱漆温度、搅拌状态各因素对白涂、金属油墨和罩光漆涂漆镀锡钢板脱漆效率的影响。结果表明,当促进剂甲酸含量为10%(质量分数),表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)含量为2%时,该脱漆剂的脱漆效率可明显提高;60℃时,脱漆速率最快,继续升温,脱漆速率变化不明显;搅拌状态的变化对脱漆效率的影响不大。扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析检测表明该脱漆剂对镀锡钢板的腐蚀性较小。     

苯酚脱漆剂的改进

我厂在产品大修时,常常需要脱除旧漆层后重新涂漆。因此,经常需要使用脱漆剂,下面介绍我厂自己配制的一种脱漆剂的情况。1 历年生产实践我厂最早是采用T-3脱漆剂。这种脱漆剂对醇酸磁漆脱漆效果较好,而对氨基烘漆效果差。同时,由于脱漆剂中含有石蜡,退漆后在工件表面形成蜡膜,不容易消除。而最大的缺点是具有挥发性。因此,材料耗损大,而且污染环境,并容易引起火灾。我厂就发生过因脱漆剂引发火灾将工件烧坏的事故。而碱液煮沸去漆,去漆时间长,对金属有腐蚀。这两种脱漆方法都不理想。针对这种情况,我厂1981年试验成功用苯酚的水溶液脱漆,效果很好。     

产品介绍

目前国内脱漆方法主要靠铲、磨、烧的方法,费时费力,而且对其底表面有损伤,但是,高效脱漆剂脱漆速度快、无毒无污染、使用方便,化工原料易得,1分钟后油漆起皱或起泡,在5分钟内用金属、手术刀片即可去掉漆层。应用在汽车、火车、船舶的表面漆修补更新,各种设备、各种材料的表面保护、装饰或污染漆     

常用脱漆剂

前处理，除了对被处理表面进行必要的除尘去污、脱脂、除锈等处理工序外，若被处理表面尚残留有漆膜，则还必须对附着于被处理表面的旧漆膜进行脱漆处理。如果不彻底去除这些旧漆膜，则将严重影响随后的电镀或涂装工艺处理，严重影响镀涂层与被处理表面之间的附着力，以及镀涂层的保护和装饰性能。     

浅析JH—050涂料施工时溶剂的释放性

对升降式圆盘静电涂装方式,“湿碰湿”桥式远红外炉道一次烘干固化工艺。施工 up160铝粉漆+JH-050透明红涂料时溶剂释放性进行浅析。重在简述作者实际生产中如何解决溶剂释放性不好带来漆膜疵病的方法。     

难题求解

正难题内容:(1)高性能底面合一汽车底盘漆。主要内容:对汽车底盘中的铝合金、镀锌管部件底面漆防锈、耐盐雾、防油污研究;对汽车底盘面漆高硬度、抗划伤的研究;对喷二道漆改为一底一面同时进行、加快干燥速度等节省工时、提高工作效率的研究;将烘箱烤漆制作工艺改为常温自干PU漆的研制。主要技术指标:附着力(胶带法):漆膜不脱;干燥时间:表干     

8652丙烯酸涂料漆膜发脆原因及其对策

8652丙烯酸涂料为装饰防腐涂料中最佳者,是我国涂料的新品种。但随着生产最递增,在配装中逐渐发现漆膜脆易掉漆,经多种方法,大量工艺试验发现,漆膜发脆是由稀释剂中的“SN”抗静电剂所致。采取调整稀释剂配方,从根本上解决了漆膜发脆易掉漆的关键。     

废旧铝质易拉罐脱漆工艺研究

通过自制的易拉罐脱漆炉研究了废旧铝制易拉罐碎片的高温脱漆工艺,利用体式显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪等研究了脱漆温度、保温时间、旋转振荡时间对漆层的影响规律。结果表明,易拉罐脱漆的适宜温度为540℃,在此基础上保温时间达到20 min,施加旋转振荡时间10 min时,漆层中具有复杂官能团的组分几乎全部断裂挥发,产生的固态碳化物也基本从易拉罐表面脱离,从而达到了脱漆的目的。该工艺为废旧铝质易拉罐的回收再利用提供了新路径。     

塑料脱漆剂的设计

由于塑料具有许多优良的特点,在诸多领域获得了广泛的应用,塑料的涂装技术也因此获得了迅猛发展.塑料涂装要求严格,稍有不慎,涂层质量难以满足使用要求,必须退掉重涂,塑料退漆剂的研制引起了人们的重视.塑料退漆的难点在于漆层被退掉的同时,塑料底材不被溶解.以溶剂的相似相溶性规律、溶解度参数相近规律和溶剂化规律为基础,探讨了塑料退漆剂的设计思路,介绍了设计经验,并简要叙述了助剂的选择原则.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.