V_2O_5包覆Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2正极材料的制备及性能（英文）

为了改善富锂正极材料Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2电化学性能,采用燃烧法制备出了在Li[Li_(0.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)]O_2表面包覆一层不同含量的V2O5材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和充放电循环测试对材料的形貌结构及其电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,包覆后所有正极材料均具有α-NaFeO_2型层状结构;当包覆量为12%时(质量分数),在2.0~4.8V电压范围内,在0.1C倍率充放电条件下测试,首次放电比容量为301.7mAh.g-1,经过50次循环后容量保持率为78.6%,与未包覆材料相比,首次库伦效率由原来的69.7%提高到81.6%。     

LiFePO4包覆LiCoO2的结构及性能

采用固相法在锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2表面包覆一层LiFePO4;研究了LiFePO4包覆量对材料性能的影响;采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析样品的晶体结构和表面形貌.研究结果表明:样品具备LiCoO2的α-NaFeO2型层状结构,但随着包覆量的增加,XRD衍射谱显示样品存在多种杂相;合成的样品电化学性能良好,当LiFePO4的包覆量为1%时,在室温下以0.1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量达145.9 mA·h/g,纯相LiCoO2放电比容量为146.2 mA·h/g.样品采用1C倍率放电时,首次放电比容量达138.9 mA·h/g,循环性能较好,经过20次循环放电比容量仅衰减4.97%.     

钴掺杂锰酸锂的合成与性能

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、粒度分析以及充放电性能测试对固相烧结法制备的LiCoxMn2-xO4(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)结构、形貌进行表征,并对电化学性质进行研究.研究结果表明,LiCoxMn2-xO4(x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)均为单一尖晶石结构,无杂相存在;晶格常数随着掺杂量x的增大而线性减小;钴掺杂有助于LiCoxMn2-xO4晶体更规则地生长,使一次颗粒呈现八面体结构;掺钴对LiCoxMn2-xO4的平均粒径无明显影响;纯LiMn2O4在循环过种中容量衰减快,钴掺杂明显地改善了LiMn2O4充放电循环性能,且大电流放电能力提高;随着掺钴量的提高,大电流充放电性能与循环过程中容量的保持率也提高.     

低钴羟基氧化镍的合成、结构表征和电化学性能

用高浓度KClO-KOH混合液在常温下一步氧化掺钴球形氢氧化镍,通过洗涤和真空干燥得到高纯度羟基氧化镍.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和激光粒度仪等对样品的结构进行了表征,结果表明:样品为具有球形形貌、粒径在220.1～650.9 nm之间的超细羟基氧化镍晶体.通过恒流放电实验研究了3种低钴羟基氧化镍的放电性能,结果表明,含钴1.5%的羟基氧化镍放电性能最为优越,在60 mA/g放电速率下具有高达280 mA·h/g以上的放电容量.恒流充放电实验和循环伏安实验表明该羟基氧化镍具有较好的电化学可逆性,在充放电循环中比容量高达330 mA·h/g.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnO_2的表面修饰及电化学性能

运用热处理技术分别制备B2O3、CuO和FePO4包覆的LiMnO2锂离子电池正极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对材料的晶体结构和表观形貌进行分析,通过恒电流充放电以及电化学阻抗技术(EIS)分析其电化学性能。结果表明:包覆后材料的电化学阻抗与Warburge阻抗值有所增大,但包覆能有效抑制正极材料LiMnO2在电化学过程中锰的溶解,改善和提高材料的充放电循环性能和结构的稳定性。     

混合颗粒尺寸Ni(OH)2正极的制备及其充放电性能

将沉淀转化法和无水乙醇法相结合,制备出绿色球形Ni(OH)2粉末.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及充电电池测试装置,对Ni(OH)2粉末的表面形貌、相结构和充放电性能进行了表征.扫描电镜形貌分析表明Ni(OH)2晶粒存在一定程度的微团聚,颗粒尺寸介于3～6μm之间,小于生产用氢氧化镍的8～12μm;X射线衍射结果表明Ni(OH)2的衍射峰强度降低、半高宽(FWHM)增大,晶型结构为β型;将该Ni(OH)2颗粒按3%(质量分数)与生产用氢氧化镍混合掺杂,所制备的混合颗粒Ni(OH)2正极的充电电位降低、放电电位升高,Ni(OH)2的平均比容量提高约20 mA·h/g.     

表面包覆CaSn（OH）6的锌酸钙的制备及其性质

采用化学沉积法在四边形锌酸钙表面包覆一层金属锡化合物.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、电化学阻抗谱、Tafel曲线以及充放电循环(用做锌镍电池的负极材料)等方法,对包覆前后的锌酸钙样品进行表征.结果表明:包覆物化学组成为CaSn(OH)6,该包覆物在锌酸钙的表面分布均匀,沉积较为致密:包覆后的锌酸钙材料具有更好的耐腐蚀性能,且其电化学循环性能良好,经过135次循环后,电池放电容量仍保持设计容量的65.5%.     

电沉积制备La-Mg-Ni贮氢合金薄膜及其性能的研究

采用恒电流沉积方法在水溶液中沉积出LaMgNi4合金薄膜。利用循环伏安、模拟电池充放电循环、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了电沉积合金薄膜的电化学性能和表面形貌及结构。结果表明,该合金薄膜作为贮氢电极具有较好的电化学性能,其电化学活性高,活化性能好,首次充放电比容量达398mAh/g。     

氧化钇包覆LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2的结构和电化学性能

以氧化钇溶胶为包覆前驱物,利用氧化钇和正极材料表面带电状态不同制备氧化钇包覆LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及电化学测试等手段对LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2包覆前后的物相结构、表面形貌及电化学性能进行研究。结果表明:氧化钇包覆并未影响LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2的晶体结构,氧化钇以颗粒状分布在正极材料表面,氧化钇包覆层厚度在15~25nm,氧化钇在正极材料表面分布比较均匀。与未包覆LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2相比,氧化钇包覆后,材料在高电压下的循环稳定性有所提高,最佳包覆量为0.4%。氧化钇包覆有效降低材料在充放电过程中的极化和电荷转移电阻。     

碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒制备与电化学性能研究

采用直流电弧放电等离子体技术制备了核壳结构碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒,并采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线能量色散分析谱仪和表面物理吸附仪等测试技术对样品的微观结构进行研究。并利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电以及交流阻抗等技术研究其作为超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:直流电弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有典型的核壳结构,内核为面心立方结构的氧化镍纳米颗粒,外壳为碳层。颗粒形貌主要为立方体结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在30～70 nm范围,平均粒径为50 nm,外壳碳层的厚度为5 nm。碳包覆氧化镍纳米颗粒具有较高的比容量和良好的电化学活性。     

掺杂Co(OH)_2对超级电容器正极材料Ni(OH)_2性能的影响

采用电化学共沉积法在泡沫镍基体上制备了掺杂Co(OH)2的纳米级Ni(OH)2电极。采用XRD、SEM、EDS等分析表征了电极材料的晶体结构、成分和形貌;采用恒流充放电、循环伏安及交流阻抗等方法测试了其电化学性能。结果表明,电化学共沉积法可以制备定量掺杂Co(OH)2的α-Ni(OH)2,该电极材料具有三维纳米花状结构;适当掺杂Co(OH)2的α-Ni(OH)2可以显著提高电极的比容量和循环性能,还提高了放电电位和氧气析出过电位,同时提高了其质子扩散系数和降低了扩散阻抗。     

Electrochemical performance of multiphase nickel hydroxide

The high density nano-crystalline multiphase nickel hydroxide containing at least three doping elements was synthesized and its electrochemical characteristics were studied. The electrochemical behavior of the high density spherical multiphases α-Ni（OH）2 were also investigated. The results show that the structure of the material is a mixed phase of α-Ni（OH）2 and β-Ni（OH）2, which has a the same stabilized structure as α-Ni（OH）2 during long-term charge/discharge process. High density spherical multiphases α-Ni（OH）2 have a much better redox reversibility, a much lower oxidation potential of Ni（ Ⅱ） than the corresponding oxidation state in the case of β-Ni（OH）2, and a much higher reduction potential. They exchange one electron during electrochemical reaction and have a higher proton diffusion coefficient. The mechanism of the electrode reaction is proton diffusion, and the proton diffusion coefficient is 5.67×10^-10 cm^2/s. Moreover, they reveal a higher discharge capacity than β-Ni（OH）2/β-NiOOH because they exchange one electron per nickel atom during charge/discharge process.     

Hydrogen-generating solid-state hydride/hydroxide reactions

Solid-state reactions of ionic hydrides with alkaline hydroxides are shown to produce hydrogen gas and metal oxides. These reactions are analogous to the well-known hydrolysis reactions of ionic hydrides. Both classes of reactions are generally exothermic and are thermodynamically favored; ΔG° < 0 near room temperature. However, solid-state hydride/hydroxide reactant mixtures are kinetically stable at room temperature and can be prepared by mechanical milling without appreciable reaction. Thus, optimally stoichiometric mixtures are possible and nearly theoretical amounts of hydrogen can be generated. Reaction occurs upon heating with H₂ evolution beginning at 50 °C and complete reaction occurring by 200–300 °C. The reaction rate can be enhanced with additives such as TiCl₃. Specifically, we discuss the reactions LiH + LiOH, 2LiH + NaOH, LiBH₄ + 4LiOH, and 3LiBH₄ + 4LiOH·H₂O. The 3LiBH₄ + 4LiOH·H₂O reaction generates approximately 10 wt.% hydrogen with more than 5 wt.% produced at temperatures below 100 °C.     

Corundum dissolution in concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

The corundum(α-alumina) core has been considered as a suitable candidate for investment casting of hollow, high pressure turbine engine airfoils due to its excellent properties. However, the efficiency of removing alumina cores in concentrated caustic solution cannot meet the needs of industrial production. In this paper, the effects of temperature and initial solution concentration on dissolution of α-alumina were studied by the classical weight-loss method. The fractal kinetic model was developed in order to describe α-alumina dissolution, assuming that the nonporous particles shrank during reaction process. The results show that the dissolution rate increases with increasing reaction temperature and initial solution concentration. Especially, the initial solution concentration has a significant influence on α-alumina dissolution rate at a higher reaction temperature. The activation energies decrease with increasing initial solution concentration, and the chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step.     

氢氧化镁阻燃剂研究进展

综述无机氢氧化镁阻燃剂国内外生长现状，论述氢氧化镁阻燃剂的阻燃机理、所需的特殊结构及相应制备技术，对国内制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂的几种工艺路线进行了简单叙述。并提出了由蛇纹石酸浸滤液一步法制备氢氧化镁阻燃剂的新工艺及今后氢氧化镁阻燃剂的发展趋势。     

纳米碳酸铝铵的制备

以硫酸铝铵与碳酸氢铵为原料,在一定的搅拌条件下,沉淀反应制备碳酸铝铵。通过X-RAD、SEM对沉淀产物进行物相组成及微观结构分析,结果表明,搅拌条件,有机表面活性剂及陈化时间都对AACH粒度和微观形貌影响较大,并对AACH的生长机理进行了初步探讨。     

氢氧化铝脱水过程的动力学研究

根据变温DSC-TGA曲线,运用Coats-Redfern方程,对某拜耳法氧化铝厂工业种分氢氧化铝的脱水过程进行动力学研究。结果表明,在温度段268.08℃~308.21℃和473.14℃~548.51℃,氢氧化铝的脱水动力学反应机理分别为三维扩散和化学反应,其表观反应速率常数分别为0.0353 s-1和0.0913 s-1,反应活化能分别为817.13kJ/mol和501.47kJ/mol。     

Nickel hydroxide precipitation from aqueous sulfate media

Hydrometallurgical processing of laterite ores constitutes a major industrial and R&D activity in extractive metallurgy. In some of the process flowsheets, nickel hydroxide precipitation is incorporated. For these operations, the optimization of nickel hydroxide precipitation is important to assure efficiency and product quality. The main objective of this investigation was to study and improve the precipitation characteristics of Ni(OH)₂ in a sulfate system using supersaturation controlled precipitation. For more information, contact George P. Demopoulos, McGill University, Department of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, M.H. Wong Building, 3610 University, Montreal, Quebec, H4L 3Y9, Canada; (514) 398-4755, ext. 0266; fax (514) 398-4492; e-mail george@minmet.lan.mcgill.ca.     

填料用氢氧化铝色度的研究

通过对影响填料用氢氧化铝色度的原因进行研究,得出金属杂质含量、氢氧化铝的粒度及分布是影响填料用氢氧化铝的白度和b值的重要因素.